1、Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning about language非限制性定语从句定语从句定义：用作定语（形容词）的一个从句，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制的作用。关系词关系代词关系副词who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语whom指人，在从句中做宾语，不能做主语。which只指物，不指人，在从句中做主语或宾语。that可以指人也可以指物，在从句中做主语或宾语。关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况Review先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,aswhere,when,why定语从句的种类 感受一下限制
2、性定从和非限制性定从的区别感受一下限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别限制性定从：She hates people who like smoking.非限制性定从：My hometown is Beijing,which is the capital of China.她讨厌喜欢抽烟的人。我的家乡是北京，它是中国的首都。限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别1.限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，没有它，先行词的意义或身份就不明确，所以它在句中是必不可少的。2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词或主句起解释或补充说明作用，它的前后有_与主句隔开，即使取消从句，对主语没有大的影响，可有可无
3、。逗号先行词在从句中所作成分关系代词人主who/that宾who/whom/that/省略定whose(=of whom)物主that/which宾that/which/省略定whose(=of which)先行词在从句中所作成分关系副词时间名词时间状语when 地点名词地点状语where reason原因状语why限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上意义上作用上翻译上关系词无逗号有逗号去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确 去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚修饰限定只修饰一个名词或代词补充说明可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子译为“的”常译成与主句并列的句子作宾语时可省略关系词一般不可省略不能用that,w
4、hy引导The differencesTranslate the following sentences.In the class,there are 36 students who are interested in pop music.In the class,there are 36 students,who are interested in pop music.这个班有36个喜欢流行音乐的学生。这个班有36个学生，他们都喜欢流行音乐。In the class,there are 36 students,and they are interested in pop music.非限制性
5、定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是句子一、关系代词的基本用法1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose is the person(who/whom)you shoul
6、d care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。The boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长3which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which)he had lost on the train.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.小女孩
7、正在吃一个又大又红的苹果4that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)5whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose
8、在定语从句中作定语。I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。限制性定语从句中，as常用于下列句式 such+名词+as+从句 像一样的；像之类 the same+名词+as+从句 和同样的e.g.:I have the same book as he has.We have found such materials as are used in their
9、factory.。1.These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.2.He is not the same man _ he was.asas1.as is known to all=as we all know 众所周知众所周知 2.as is said 正如所说的正如所说的 3.as you can see=as can be seen 正如你所看见的正如你所看见的 4.as is reported 正如报道的正如报道的5.as is expected 正如预料的正如预料的 6.as is pointed out
10、正如指出的正如指出的 7.as a famous saying goes正如一句谚语所说正如一句谚语所说/俗话说俗话说8.as is mentioned above正如以上提到的正如以上提到的非限制性定语从句中，非限制性定语从句中，as常用于下列句式常用于下列句式as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别aswhich指代指代引导的从句只能引导的从句只能指代整个指代整个主句的内容主句的内容引导的从句既可指代引导的从句既可指代整个主句的整个主句的内容内容，又可指代主句的又可指代主句的某一名词某一名词或代词或代词位置位置可位于可位于主句之前、之中主句之前、之中或之后或之后可位于主句可位于主句之中或
11、之后之中或之后，不能位于主句之前不能位于主句之前意义意义“正如，就像正如，就像”“这，那这，那”功能功能起连接上下文的作用，表起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或并指出主句内容的根据或出处等出处等引导的从句引导的从句，在意义上相当于一在意义上相当于一个并列句个并列句正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。She is always working hard，_ everyone can see.这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。The book，_ Ibought yesterday,is very instructive.她的诚实是大家有目
12、共睹的。_ everyone can see,she is honest.=She is honest，_ everyone can see.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。_ we all know，smoking is harmful to ones health.汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。Tom suddenly fell ill，_ made us very sad.aswhichAsasAswhichPracticePractice 2.In fact Tom did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A
13、.where B.who C.in which D.which1.The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A.whose B.who C.whom D.which3.This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A.where B./C.when D.what4.This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A.where B.that C.which D.on which“Doctor,”she said loudly,breakin
14、g into the room,_ there was a man,“I want you to tell what iswrong with me.”He looked at her from head to foot,then said,“_ is shown in the mirror,Ive just threethings to tell you.First,I suggest you,my lady,_ weight needs reducing by nearly fifty pounds.Second,you may use 1/10 as much lipstick,by _
15、 you will be prettier.And third,Im an artist-the doctor,_ you are looking for,lives downstairs.”The Doctor Lives DownstairsFill in the blanks with proper link words.【随堂练习】whichwhomwhosewhereAs 做非限制性定语从句的练习时做非限制性定语从句的练习时,往往往往先确定先行词，然后分析先行词在从句先确定先行词，然后分析先行词在从句中的作用，再对关系词加以选择。中的作用，再对关系词加以选择。Practice1.Th
16、ere is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.2.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite writer.It inspired us a lot.There is nothing we can do to help,whose circumstances are beyond our control.The teacher asked us to listen to by his favorite wri
17、ter,which inspired us a lot.她的?_我们帮不了Linda，她的的境况超出了我们的控制。=?_老师要求我们听他最喜爱的作家的演讲，这个（演讲）让我们非常鼓舞。Summary小结小结限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意义上意义上从句与主句关系紧凑，从句对从句与主句关系紧凑，从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，缺少先行词起修饰限定作用，缺少从句会影响句意的完整。从句会影响句意的完整。功能上功能上结构上结构上从句与主句的关系相对松散，从句用于补充主句的内容和信息，去掉从句不影响句意的完整。修饰先行词或整个句子1.1.主句，从句之间多用逗号隔开2.2.关系词很少可以省略3.3.不能用thatthat引导修饰先行词1.1.没有停顿，主句与从句之间不用逗号 2.2.关系词若作从句的宾语,可省略.3.3.可用that that 引导Thank you
