1、Unit 1 People of achievement Learning about LanguageGrammarThe Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,aswhere,when,why先行词先行词在从句中所作成分在从句中所作成分关系代词关系代词人人主主who/that宾宾who/whom/that/省略省略定定whose(=of whom)物物主主that/which宾宾that/which/省略
2、省略定定whose(=of which)先行词先行词在从句中所作成分在从句中所作成分关系副词关系副词时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语when 地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语where reason原因状语原因状语whyHe is my father.He wears a white shirt.The man who wears a white shirt is my father.a)I have a dad who never do homework.b)I have a dad,who never do homework.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Th
3、e man is a doctor.who lives next door1.限制性定语从句是限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去如果去掉掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。如主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。如:Mr.Brown,is a doctor.who lives next door2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只是只是对先行词对先行词作些附加的说明作些附加的说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用从句和主句之间往往用 逗号分开逗号分开,不用不用t
4、hat引导。引导。3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个往往为某一个词或短语词或短语,而有时非限制性而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非此时非限制性定语从句常由限制性定语从句常由which引导。引导。eg.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫,这事令我十分恐惧。这事令我十分恐惧。1.I saw the guy who delivers my mai
5、l in town yesterday.2.Ill always remember the river where we learned to swim.3.Do you know the reason why the sky is blue?4.Shes the person whose daughter goes to Harvard.which guy?which river?the reason for what?which person?若去掉，句子含义若去掉，句子含义不明确不明确无逗号无逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开1.Paris,where I spent six months stu
6、dying,is the most beautiful city in the world.2.The woman down the street,whose children are the same age as yours,invited us over for dinner next week.3.The movie,which is my favorite comedy of all time,is being shown on TV tomorrow night.有逗号有逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开若去掉，若去掉，不影响不影响句句子含义子含义非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系非限制性定
7、语从句中关系词的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作在定语从句中的作用用WhoWhomWhichwhose主语主语主语主语 宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语指代整个主句指代整个主句宾语宾语关系副词关系副词(where,when)的指代关系的指代关系指地点指地点指时间指时间 在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。tip介词介词+which限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时,往往先确定先行词往
8、往先确定先行词,然后再分析先行词然后再分析先行词在从句中的作用在从句中的作用,再对关系词加以选择。再对关系词加以选择。整理一番整理一番品读规律品读规律Tom found the ancient book,which was broken.As is said in the newspaper,two farmers saw the UFO in the field.I like the house,whose windows face the sea.先行词指物先行词指物,在从句中做主或宾语在从句中做主或宾语,用关系词用关系词which,不能用不能用thatAs引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限
9、制性定语从句,可放在可放在主句之前，也可放在主句后面。主句之前，也可放在主句后面。先行词在从句做定语先行词在从句做定语,用关系词用关系词whoseAllthatglittersisnotgold,aseveryoneknows.介词介词+关系代词关系代词,介词的选用介词的选用,要根据从句的谓语要根据从句的谓语动词的构成。动词的构成。People will remember August 8th,2008,when 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing.先行词在从句中做时间状语先行词在从句中做时间状语,用用when或介词或介词+which。Cindy is
10、 a lovely girl,with whom many people like to make friends.As 在引导非限制性定语从句中，可指代整个主句内容，在引导非限制性定语从句中，可指代整个主句内容，并有并有“正如、像正如、像一样一样”的含义，其位置可放在主句的含义，其位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而前面，也可放在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在只能放在 后面后面，且无，且无“正如正如”之意。之意。As we all know,he is a famous scientist.As is well known to all,Taiwan
11、is a part of China.常与常与as连用的词有连用的词有 know,see,expect,point out 等。等。试比较下面两个句子。试比较下面两个句子。He went abroad,_was expected.He went abroad,_was unexpected.aswhich当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which引导。引导。错漏错漏“摆摆”出出1.People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang,he was the first Chinese to walk in space.2.Ma
12、ny Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008,when a big earthquake happened in Sichuan then.3.Which is shown on TV,many children suffered a lot from the polluted milk.hewhothen 去掉去掉WhichAs错漏错漏“摆摆”出出4.Lin Hao is a hero,who we should learn.5.China got the most gold medals in the Olympics,that makes peop
13、le excited.6.I dream of going to Beijing,which the 29th Olympic Games was held.whofrom whomthatwhichwhichwhere/in whichcompetition1.Hangzhou is a beautiful city,_ people visit the famous West Lake.2.Beijing,_ is the capital of China,has a very long history.3._ is known to all,he is the best student.
14、4.The young man had a new girl friend,_ is a pop star.ExerciseswhichAswhowhere/in which5.I should thank my teacher,with _ help,I solved the problem.6.He once worked on the Birds Nest,_ _ his son is proud.whoseofwhich“Doctor,”she said loudly,breaking into the room,_ there was a man,“I want you to tel
15、l what is wrong with me.”He looked at her from head to foot,then said,“_ is shown in the mirror,Ive just three things to tell you.Fill in the blanks with proper link wordsThe doctor lives downstairswhereAsFirst,I suggest that you,my lady,_ weight needs reducing by nearly fifty pounds,should do more
16、exercise.Second,you may use 1/10 as much lipstick(口红口红),by _ you will be prettier.And third,Im an artist-the doctor,_ you are looking for,lives downstairs.whichwhomwhose1.She was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ madethe others unhappy.A.which B.who C.this D.what2.After livi
17、ng in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.when C.that D.whereAD练一练练一练3.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom4.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the
18、 shop.A.that B.which C.when D.whereBD 5.The old man has two sons,_ is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of them6.New York is famous for its sky-scrapers (摩天大楼摩天大楼),_ has more than 100 storeys.A.the higher of them B.the highest of which C.the highest of them D.some of whichA
19、B7.My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A.which B.as C.where D.when8.Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,_ my old parents live.A.which B.that C.where D.thereB C 9.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that D.which10.The weather tu
20、rned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.itBB 11.I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A./B.that C.in which D.All A,B,and C12.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.whichAD13.I shall never forget the years _ I lived
21、 in the country with the farmers,_ has a good effect on my life.A.that,which B.when,which C.which,that D.when,who14._ is known to all,China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A.What B.That C.As D.ItBC15.Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.A.that B.whic
22、h C.as D.like16.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A./B.that C.which D.whoCB1.By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,_ appeared a rare rainbow soon.(2008 福建福建)A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which高考真题高考真题D2.Th
23、e growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_ are beyond our control.(2008 湖南湖南)A.most of them B.most of which C.most of what D.most of that B3.The Science Museum,_ we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of Londons tourist attractions.(2008 江苏江苏)A.whichB.what C.thatD.w
24、hereA4.The road conditions there turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.(2008 全国全国)A.it B.what C.which D.thatC5.The man pulled out a gold watch,_ were made of small diamonds.(2008 陕西陕西)A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of whichD6.Yesterday s
25、he sold her car,_ she bought a month ago.(2008 浙江浙江)A.whom B.where C.that D.whichD7.They will fly to Washington,_ they plan to stay for two or three days.(2008 重庆重庆)A.where B.there C.which D.whenAVocabulary circumstanceeconomic circumstances 经济状况in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此in/undercircumst
26、ances 在情况下under any circumstances 在任何情况下；无论如何in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(放句首部分倒装)练习：无论何时，情况允许的话，他们都会来助我们一臂之力。Whenever _,they will come and lend us a helping hand.circumstances permitted根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.We dont usually accept late applications,but _（在这种情况下）we will mak
27、e an exception.2._（在任何情况下都不）should you leave this house.in this case /in/under the circumstancesIn no case /In/Under no circumstances一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled._2.Their family financial circumstances are from bad to worse.
28、_ 二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Dont open the door,_（任何情况下）.2.She made it clear that _（绝不）would she cancel the trip.情况情况/情形情形经济状况经济状况in/under any circumstancesin/under no circumstances condition,state,status,situation,circumstance 这些名词均有状况，情况之意。condition:一般强调产生影响的原因或环境，复数形式指笼统的情况。sta
29、te:普通用词，指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况，或指在某一阶段的状态或形式。status:指一个人在政治、社会、经济、法律上的地位或身份，暗含地位显要意味。situation:指明确具体的环境情况或处境。circumstance:多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况。（液体、气体、电等液体、气体、电等）流动；流出流动；流出：Its here that the river flows down into the ocean.比喻人或事物像水一样比喻人或事物像水一样 流逝；流畅；流淌：流逝；流畅；流淌：Time flows away.Her hair flowed down over h
30、er shoulders.Trucks and cars flowed along the highway.n C&U 流；流动：流；流动：a flow of people/cars free flow of informationflow液体、气体、电等“流动流动”由具体到抽象比喻人或事物像水一样“流动流动”（液体、气体、电等）流动；流出（比喻人或事物像水一样）流逝；流畅；流淌流动、流出流动、流出flowMan struggles upwards;water flows downwards.The person who has no personality always goes with the flow.
