1、Learning About LanguageBuild up yourvocabulary1 Find the words from the previous pages with the following prefixes or suffixes.Then add two more words for each prefix or suffix,and explain their meanings.PrefixWordsPrefixWordsre-micro-dis-trans-remove,recycle,revive（使）复苏（使）复苏discover,discount,disapp
2、earmicroscope,microwave,microbe 微生物微生物transform,translate,transplant移栽，移植移栽，移植前缀前缀释义释义单词单词 re-reviewreturn dis-disagree micro-microscope trans-transporttransnational跨国的；超越国界的跨国的；超越国界的again 再、重新、重复再、重新、重复back 回，向后回，向后opposite of;not不、无、相反不、无、相反small (一般用于科技术语一般用于科技术语)微，小微，小change 转变；转移转变；转移across,ove
3、r,beyond,穿、越、超穿、越、超SuffixWordsSuffixWords-ory-ial-ion-ology contradictory,sensory,theoryinfection,intervention,conclusionsubstantial,official,commercialepidemiology,physiology,psychology后缀后缀释义释义单词单词 -orysensory(感觉的；感官感觉的；感官的的)factory -ioneducation -ialbeneficial -ologysociology社会学社会学形容词和名词后缀形容词和名词后缀
4、:作为形容词主要表示作为形容词主要表示“有有.行行为特点的为特点的”，做为名词表示相关，做为名词表示相关的场所的场所名词后缀名词后缀：表性质、状态、程度：表性质、状态、程度形容词后缀形容词后缀：属于：属于的的,有有性质的，具有性质的，具有的的science,study科学；学问科学；学问2.Make phrases by combining the words in the left box with those on the right.Then complete the sentences using these phrases.1.Many scientists _ the view t
5、hat it is human activity that has caused global warming.2.He was to _ the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.subscribe suspect blame link to of forsubscribe toblame for3.The man _ being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.4.Since heart disease is often _ our lifestyl
6、e choices,we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.suspected oflinked tosubscribe suspect blame link to of for1.It is not unusual for an athlete to be well-known while he is active,and quickly forgotten when his athletic career is over.2.Im sure shell deal with the changes very
7、well because shes very adaptable.3.Replace the underlined parts with suitable words from the box.a household namehandleraw,a household name,substantial,statistics,handle3.He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realised that he had forgotten to turn on the oven and the meat was not cooke
8、d yet.4.He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue.5.Scientists have collected more data than expected to prove the theory.rawsubstantialstatisticsraw,a household name,substantial,statistics,handleUK scientists believe they may have found a way to fi
9、ght the common cold.It blocks a key protein in the bodys cells that is to _ for the spread of cold-causing virus.4.Read this passage about medical science.Complete it using the correct forms of the words below.blameinfection,multiple,decrease,severe,transform,proof,blame,substantialTargeting the hos
10、t rather than the _ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus.Cold-causing virus are not only of _ kinds,they also _ rapidly,meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine.infectionmultipleinfection,multiple,decrease,severe,transform,proof,blame,subs
11、tantialtransformResearchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directly into ones lungs,to _ the chance of side effects.Though these scientists have made _ advances in their research,further _ is needed to make sure such drugs are not so _ that they harm the body.decreaseinfe
12、ction,multiple,decrease,severe,transform,proof,blame,substantialsubstantialproofsevere1.Underline all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the predicative.Then state their functions.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The other was that cholera was caused by
13、an infection from germs in food or water.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.无词义，不充当成分无词义，不充当成分无词义，不充当成分无词义，不充当成分无词义，不充当成分无词义，不充当成分无词义，不充当成分无
14、词义，不充当成分表语从句表语从句在句中在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。e.g.The question is who broke the vase.My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.表语从句由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词来引导。表语从句由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词来引导。连接词连接词连词连词that,whether连接代词连接代词what,who,whom,w
15、hose,which,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why其他连接词其他连接词as if/though,because连系动词连系动词be,feel,seem,look,appear,sound,remain,prove可以接表语从句的系动词有：1.状态系动词：be 2.感官系动词：feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell 3.持续系动词：stand,lie,remain,keep,stay4.变化系动词：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,run,
16、fall5.终止系动词：prove,turn out 是是.起来起来保持保持变得变得证明是证明是.结果是结果是.表语从句要点归纳表语从句要点归纳1.表语表语从句一定要用陈述语序从句一定要用陈述语序。eg.One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.2.that引导表语从句引导表语从句时，在时，在句中只起连接作用，句中只起连接作用，不充当不充当句子成分，无实际意义，一般不能省略。句子成分，无实际意义，一般不能省略。eg.The trouble is that I have
17、 lost his address.3.whether引导引导表语从句表语从句时，起连接作用，意为时，起连接作用，意为“是否，空间，到底是否，空间，到底”，在句中不作任何成分。，在句中不作任何成分。if不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。eg.The question is whether your uncle will offer help to us.4.连接代词连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose等除在句等除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当主语、宾语、表中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身具有词义。语或定语，本身具有词义。eg.My home
18、town is no longer what it used to be.The problem is who we can get to replace her.5.连接副词连接副词where,when,why,how等除在句中起连等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方接作用，在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义。式状语，本身具有词义。eg.The question is when they will start the project.The question is how he did it.6.That is because.指原因或理由指原因或理由
19、；That is why.则指由于某种原因所造成的后果则指由于某种原因所造成的后果。eg.Bruce did not watch the game last night.That was because he had to help his little sister with her homework.Bob had seen the film before.That was why he did not see it yesterday.(强调原因）强调原因）（强调结果）（强调结果）That/It is/was why 那是那是的原因的原因That/It /is/was because 那
20、是因为那是因为 主语一般不用主语一般不用reasonHe was ill.Thats because he was sent to the hospital.He was ill.Thats why he was sent to the hospital.注意：4.4.使用虚拟语气的表语从句使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形动词原形”表示，表示，should 可省略可省略。常见的词有：。常见的词有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal等。
21、等。My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.as if/though引导表语从句时，在句子中不充当任何引导表语从句时，在句子中不充当任何成分，但有意义。译为：似乎，好像。成分，但有意义。译为：似乎，好像。as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在引导的表语从句常跟在look,seem,sound,feel等后面等后面语气：语气：若表示真实情况，用陈述语气。若表示真实情况，用陈述语气。若表示非真实情况，用虚拟语气。若表示非真实情况，用虚拟语气。He looks as if he were a rich man.It so
22、unds as if someone is knocking at the door.小结：小结：1.表语从句的构成表语从句的构成:引导词引导词+简单句简单句2.引导词引导词:连词：连词：that,whether,as,as if 连接代词：连接代词：who,what,which连接副词：连接副词：when,where,how,why 3.4个注意点个注意点:if 不引导表语从句不引导表语从句主语为主语为reason时，引导词用时，引导词用that语序语序thatthat引导表语从句时不能省略引导表语从句时不能省略2.Answer the following questions using t
23、he information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.EXAMPLEWhat was it that John Snow showed to the world?What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.1.What was Snows discovery in two particular streets in London?Snows discovery in two particular stree
24、ts in London was that _.more than 500 people died in ten days2.What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London?What Snow was determined to find out was why _ _.3.What were the exact places Snow marked on the map?The exact places Snow marked on the map were where _.
25、the cholera outbreak was so severeall those who died had livedin the particular streets 4.What was the finding that Snow announced?Snows finding was that _.the pump water carried cholera germs3.David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project.First complete Davids lines(A-E),using t
26、he words in the box.Then put Davids lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.as if,that,what,who,when,how,why,whose,which,whetherA.Absolutely.You may not believe it,but that was _ happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B.Yes,it is.And
27、 it seemed _ all the theories were useful,but the fact was _ we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.whatas ifthatas if,that,what,who,when,how,why,whose,which,whetherC.Exactly.The problem was not about _ all our theories were equally good,but in deciding _ theory to d
28、epend upon.D.We realised that what we cared about was not _ aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather _ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!whetherwhose/which/whatwhich/whathowE.Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was _ we had to carry ou
29、t the research in the first place.whyMaria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_ ACBMaria:This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_ ED
