1、Unit 1 Science and scientistsReading and ThinkingTo raise new questions,new possibilities,to regard old problems from a new angle,requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.-Albert Einstein&Leopold Infeld提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。Learning objectivesIn t
2、his class,you will1.get information about how John Snow defeated cholera;2.summarize the stages of scientific research;3.talk about the significance and contribution of Johns work.Preview:.重点单词重点单词必记写作词汇必记写作词汇1.vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象2.vt.把归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责3.n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵4.n.联系;纽带 vt.把
3、连接起来;相关联5.adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的 6.n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.&vi.减少;减小;降低7.n.pl.统计数字;统计资料;统计学 linkstatisticsuspectblamehandlepuredecrease识记阅读词汇识记阅读词汇1.cholera n.2.diarrhoea n.3.dehydration n.4.germ n.5.subscribe vi.6.pump n.7.household n.8.raw adj.9.substantial adj.10.epidemiology n.11.microscope n.显微镜显微镜霍乱霍乱腹泻腹泻脱水脱水微
4、生物；细菌；病菌微生物；细菌；病菌认购认购(股份股份)；定期订购；定期交纳；定期订购；定期交纳(会费会费)泵；抽水机；打气筒泵；抽水机；打气筒一家人；家庭；同住一所一家人；家庭；同住一所(套套)房子的人房子的人未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的大量的；价值巨大的；重大的大量的；价值巨大的；重大的流行病学流行病学.重点短语重点短语1.最终地；彻底地 2.同意；赞同 3.幸亏；由于 4.应受责备 5.照料；照顾 6.一般来说 7.查明 find outonce and for allsubscribe tothanks tobe to blameattend toin
5、 general8.used to do sth 9.die from 10.in time 11.give birth 12.water pump 13.be likely to do sth 14.as a result of 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事死于死于经过一段时间之后经过一段时间之后，迟早迟早分娩分娩 水泵水泵很可能做某事很可能做某事由于由于TaskPredictionLook at the pictures and the title of the text.Can you predict how John Snow defeated“King Cholera”?By sto
6、pping drinking the polluted water.1.Why did John Snow become frustrated?A.An outbreak of cholera hit Europe.B.Nobody knew how to prevent or treat cholera.C.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases.D.He had to attend to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.2.Which of the following theories di
7、d John Snow believe?A.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.B.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.C.People got infected with cholera because of polluted air.D.People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.Task 1Read the text carefull
8、y and choose the best answer.3.Why had some households had no deaths?A.Beer was a cure for the disease.B.They lived far away from the water pump.C.They had not drunk the water from the pump.D.They worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.4.What did John Snow find after he made further investigations?
9、A.Cholera multiplied in the air.B.People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.C.The water from the polluted river was to blame.D.Flies spread the disease.5.How did John Snow do the research?A.By using maps and statistics.B.By drinking the water himself.C.By questioning the patien
10、ts.D.By experimenting by himself.1.Whats the main idea of the passage?2.Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.Para.1A.Snow began his study by marking on the map.Para.2B.John Snow decided to prove the second theory.Para.3C.Snows contributions.Para.4D.John Snow desired to des
11、troy cholera.Para.5E.The truth of the infection of cholera.How John Snow collected,analysed data and found the cause of the disease.Task 2Reading for the main ideaDB AEC _ analyse the results _ ask a question _ draw a conclusion _ collect data_ find a problem _ find supporting evidence_ think of a m
12、ethodDiscuss the following stages of scientific research in groups.What order would you put them in?5213467Task 3Skimming for the main structure deadlycauseoutbreakmarkedwaterpollutedcleancontrolledmultiple deaths happened here.No death happened here.The water from the pump was to blame.Public house
13、Clue:free beer from public houseResult:The water came from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.John Snow,a well-known doctor in London,became 1.(frustrate)when a severe cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century.At that time no one knew 2.to prevent or treat cholera.3.
14、,he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.After much research,Snow subscribed to the theory that cholera 4.(cause)by an 5.(infect)from germs in food or water.Snow began by 6.(mark)on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.As 7.result,frustratedhowHoweverwas cau
15、sedinfectionmarkinga.课文语篇填空John Snow was able to announce that the pump water 8.(carry)cholera germs.9.(according),he had the handle of the pump 10.(remove)so that it could not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was defeated.carriedAccordinglyremovedWhy was it John Snow,not other doctors,
16、who defeated King Cholera?Can you find the evidence from the text to support your opinion?What scientific spirits contributed to Snows success?He never lost his desire to destroy the cholera.determinedambitiouspassionatestrict strong-willedserioustirelesshard-workinggifted/talenteddiligentintelligen
17、t/smartinnovative/creativeconfident.长难句分析1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.句式分析Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be over
18、come.主句 引导时间状语从句 同位语 宾语从句 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰斯诺展示了如何攻克它。【句式剖析】该句中until是连词，意为“直到时(为止)”或“在以前”引导时间状语从句，强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。我会一直工作到他叫我停下来为止。Ill work he tells me to stop.A man can fail many times,but he isnt a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.一个人可以失败很多次，但是直到他开始责怪旁人，他才是一个失败者。【句型
19、升级】I came back last night did my mother go to bed.It was I came back last night that my mother went to bed.昨晚直到我回来妈妈才上床睡觉。not.until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构(即把助动词、be动词、情态动词等置于主语之前)且用肯定形式，注意从句不倒装用于强词句型时，not和until必须放在一起，即构成句型It is/was not until that后面的句子要用肯定形式，且应用陈述语序即学即练：(1)单句语法填空 Not until the teacher came i
20、n _ the students stop talking.It was not _ he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous singer.(2)单句写作我看电视一直看到她回来。I watched TV _ she came back.她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。I _ realized she was foreign _ she spoke.diduntiluntilhadnt until2.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no
21、 one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.句式分析As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.状语 主句 原因状语 作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。3.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.句式分析Snow began by markin
22、g on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.状语 主句 定语从句 斯诺开始在地图上标出了所有死者曾经生活过的准确地点。4.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.【句式剖析】本句中had it delivered，是“havesth/sbdone”结构，意为“使某人做或使某事被做”。【归纳拓展】have宾语宾语补足语have sth
23、.done这一结构中的宾语与宾补动词是被动关系 I will have my MP3 repaired this weekend.这周末我要去修MP3.The patient is going to have his temperature taken.这个病人准备请/叫/让人量体温.教材熟词生义1.severe项目意义例句熟义 adj.When the earthquake came,the house had a severe quake.生义adj.Was his mother too severe on him?adj.The pace was too severe to be kep
24、t up for long.十分严重的,极为恶劣的严厉的艰难的2.rise 项目意义例句熟义 v.The sun rises and bathes the earth.生义v.I started with Hoover 26 years ago in sales and rose up through the ranks.升高；上升取得成功,变得更加成功重点句式重点句式1.so.that.如此以至于He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500
25、people died in ten days.(教材原句)他发现在两条特别的街道上霍乱传播得如此厉害,以至于10天之内就有500多人失去了生命。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】【名师点津名师点津】在so.that.和such.that.引导的结果状语从句中，so,such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要部分倒装。【背佳句背佳句】(2021新高考全国卷)The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.食物如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能感到高兴。练出神 单句填空 This is a solid
26、 object that it is hard to break it up.(2020天津卷)It produces a deafening sound painful that it temporarily disables a person.So severe was the situation at that time they had to take urgent measures.suchsothat写精彩 一句多译背诵她是一个如此聪明的姑娘,我们都喜欢她。She is we all like her.(so.that)She is we all like her.(such.th
27、at)we all like her.(so.that倒装)we all like her.(such.that倒装)so brilliant a girl thatsuch a brilliant girl thatSo brilliant a girl is she thatSuch a brilliant girl is she that2.the way作先行词Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.(教材原句)此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据
28、改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth的形式。【背佳句背佳句】School activities are usually considered a good way to make new friends and develop new in
29、terests.学校活动通常被认为是结交新朋友和发展新兴趣的好方法。练出神 单句填空Without confidence,they will surely not try to find the way is better for their English study.Specialists can come up with new ways(solve)the problem of air pollution.I dont like the way which he laughed at me.which/thatto solvein写精彩 一句多译背诵他对父母对待和教育他的方式很满意。H
30、e was satisfied with .(定语从句)He was satisfied with his parents way .(不定式)the way his parents treated and educated him to treat and educate him学以致用学以致用随堂检测全达标随堂检测全达标.单词拼写1.Fingerprints(把连接起来)the suspect to the case.2.Judging from his abnormal behaviour,I(怀疑)him to be a thief.3.There was no water in th
31、e building,just a(水泵)in the courtyard.4.People should(减少)the amount of fat they eat.5.We are faced with two apparently (相互矛盾的)concepts.6.Many(家用的)products are potentially harmful.linkedsuspectedpumpdecreasecontradictoryhousehold7.In the rainforest,we have(多种多样的)plants and wild animals.8.If untreated
32、,the illness can become(十分严重的).9.John brought the absolute(证据)that we needed.10.It is said that drinking much(干净的)water is good for health.multiplesevereproofpure.词形转换1.I was close to tears with(frustrate),but I held them back.2.The man was suspected of(commit)severe crime.3.There was a noticeable (
33、transform)in his appearance.4.Write away now for the free album offered to every new _(subscribe).5.Officials say that few citizens(infect)with the virus owing to effective prevention now.6.As an adult,we have to learn(handle)stress.7.The strain in a long term of years has told(severe)on his health.
34、frustrationcommittingtransformationsubscriberare infectedto handleseverely.完成句子1.我订阅新科学家主要是为了了解科学的最新进展。_ _ _ _ _ _New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science.2.这个夏天这里的雨水那么少以至于我们不得不给菜园浇水。There is _ _ _ this summer here we have to water the vegetable garden.3.这个机构将不得不对错误的统计数字负责。The institu
35、te will have to _ _ _ _ the wrong statistics.My main reason for subscribing toso little rainthattake the blame for4.当地一家报纸评论说犯罪率正在下降。A local newspaper remarks that crime is _ _ _.5.由于天气恶劣,下一航班将被取消。_ _/_ _ _ _ _,the next flight will be cancelled.6.5G将会改变人们的工作和生活方式。5G will surely change _ _ _ _ _ _.on the decreaseOwing toDue to the bad weatherthe way people work and liveBye-bye!
