1、Words and Expressionssevere diseases 严重的疾病 a severe shortage of food/water 严重的食物/水资源短缺severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地simple-simply true-truly (教材P2)This illness causes severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.这种疾病可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。The president came under _(严厉的批评)for his inability to tackle the crisis.A fi
2、re has _(severe)damaged the warehouse.severe criticismseverely(教材P2)In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。词汇变形词汇变形contradict v反驳；否认；与相矛盾contradiction n抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法We are faced with two apparently _(contradict)statemen
3、ts.People found this sort of _(contradict)reality hard to accept.contradictorycontradictory(教材P2)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。(1)infect vt.使感染；传染 infect.with.把传染给；用感染 be infected with感染上，传染上e.g.Some people can be infected wi
4、th the disease and have mild symptoms.有些人可能感染了这种疾病，症状轻微。(2)infected adj.感染病菌的 an infected wound/cut 受感染的伤口(3)infectious adj.感染的，传染性的 an infectious disease 传染病White blood cells fight _(infect).Every year,there are people unlucky enough to be infected _ the flu.infectionwith(教材P2)It was correct,but he
5、 still needed proof.这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。知识拓展further proof进一步的证据without proof没有证据scientific proof科学证据living proof活生生的证明There is proof that.有证据证明They say they have scientific proof _ the treatment works.-proof 后缀 防.；抗.a waterproof/wind-proof jacket一件防水/防风夹克that(教材P2)There were multiple deaths near the wa
6、ter pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号和40号住宅)。词性拓展：multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加；繁殖multiple-choice questions 多选题multiply A by B A乘以BThe director won _(multiply)awards for the movie.If you multiply 7 _ 3,you will get 21.multipleby(教材P2)However,some househ
7、olds(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.但有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。poor/wealthy households 贫穷/富裕家庭household bills/expenses 家庭账单/开支household goods/products 家庭用品household chores 家务活a household name 一个家喻户晓的名字电子设备的平均数量从1992年的每户4台上升到2007年的每户13台。The average
8、 number of electronic devices rose from four _ in 1992 to 13 in 2007.per household(教材P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做)某事suspect.to be/as 怀疑是The police suspect him of occupying the house illegally.警察怀疑他非法占据了这栋房子。I suspected the note to be
9、a fake.我怀疑这张纸币是假的。Some people suspected him _ theft.of总结：“动词sb.of sth.”结构：convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病(1).blame sb.for(doing)sth.责备某人(做)某事 blame sth.on.把某事归咎于 be to bla
10、me(for sth.)(对某事)负有责任(2).take/bear the blame for.对承担责任 put/lay/place the blame for sth.on.把某事归咎于即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子She doesnt blame anyone _ her fathers death.The narrator was _(blame)for the wrong interpretation.forto blame(教材P2)Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed.于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手(1)the han
11、dle of a knife 刀柄(2)handle a problem 处理问题The police are expert at _(handle)conflicts like this.Some people are brilliant with computers,but have no idea how _(handle)other people.handlingto handle(教材P3)Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water
12、 companies in London.此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。(1)a link between.(and.)(与)之间的联系/纽带There is a link between.and.和之间有联系(2)把A与B连接/联系起来be linked with/to 与有联系/有关Is there a link between poverty and crime?贫穷和犯罪之间有关系吗？This old Silk Road linked China to/with the West in ancient times.这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方
13、连接了起来。总结：“把与连接/联系起来”的其他表达法：be related to,be involved in,be associated with,have something to do with,be connected with,connect.with/to.Regular air traffic links the city _ the rest of the country.High unemployment is not necessarily linked _ the rise in prices.to/withto/with(教材P3)the threat of chole
14、ra around the world saw a substantial decrease.世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。(1)a decrease in.在方面减少on the decrease 在减少(反义短语：on the increase在增加)(2)decrease(from.)to.(从)减少到(表示减少后的量)decrease by.减少了(表示减少的量)即学即练 单句语法填空The number of students in each class is _ the decrease.The decrease _ sales was almost 20 percent.The p
15、roduction of wheat has decreased _ 20%because of the dry weather.oninbycreative thinking 创造性思造性思维 critical thinking 批判性思维批判性思维 _(独立思考)is a necessary skill for all leaders.Independent thinkingthe findings of the survey 调查发现调查发现 findings 研究结果研究结果 The _(find)_ the committee will be published tomorrow.f
16、indingsofan initial investment of 5，000 5 000英镑的初始投资英镑的初始投资 the initial stage/phase/period最初阶段最初阶段initially adv.开始；最初；起初开始；最初；起初 initially perfect 初步完善初步完善My _(initially)reaction was to refuse.She came _(initial)to spend a few days,but in the end she stayed for a whole month.initialinitiallya solid
17、foundation 坚实的基础 solid food 固体食物He laid _(坚实的基础)for his future career.a solid foundationThe moon _(cast)bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.castcast a shadow 投影投影 in the shadow of 在在阴影下阴影下Her face was _(被暗被暗影遮掩影遮掩).hidden in deep shadowpour in 使流入，使灌入使流入，使灌入 pour sth.into.把某物倒
18、进把某物倒进pour down 流下；流下；(雨雨)倾盆而下倾盆而下 pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉涌出；倒出；倾诉I poured the milk from the bottle _ the cups.We were sailing on the sea when it suddenly poured _intodown1.defend.from/against(doing).保护免受2.defend oneself against sth.保护自己不受.；为自己辩护词形拓展defence n防御；辩护；保卫in defence of为保卫；为辩护 in sb.s defence为某人
19、辩护defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的All the policemen have been trained to _(保护他们自己免受)the sudden attacks.Our duty is to _(保卫国家不受)its enemies.defend themselves from/againstdefend our country/motherland from/againstassist v.帮助；援助；协助assistance n.帮助；援助I have such a good command of English that I am elected as _(a
20、ssistance)to my English teacher.I got in trouble and she came _ my _(assistant)immediately.assistantto assistancein the abstract 抽象地；理论上(相当于in theory)n(文献等的文献等的)摘要摘要(1)abstract idea/concept 抽象思想抽象思想/概念概念(2)make an abstract of.把把的要点摘录下来的要点摘录下来I like dogs _ the abstract,but I cant bear this one.You sh
21、ould make _ abstract of what the professor says.inanbe ones fault 是某人的过错是某人的过错 be at fault 有过错；有责任有过错；有责任 find fault with 找茬儿；挑错；挑剔找茬儿；挑错；挑剔Its ones fault for(doing)sth.(做做)某事是某人的过失。某事是某人的过失。Its ones fault that.是是某人的过失。某人的过失。The more experienced you are,the easier it is to find fault _ other peoples
22、 ideas.If my memory was not _ fault,it was Thursday.withata shift in sth.某方面的转变a shift of emphasis 重点的转移be on the day/night shift at the factory 在工厂上白班/夜班shift.to.把转移到After the guard recovered from his injury,he went on the night shift again._Lend me a hand to shift this box,will you？_名词，轮班动词，挪动a vi
23、vid description 生动的描述 give a vivid account of.生动描述vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 describe.vividly生动地描述The characters in the book are _(vivid)presented.Clare was _(最活跃的成员)of the family.vividlythe most vivid member 1.(教材P2).he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。总结关于all
24、的一些短语：first of all 首先(强调顺序)in all(in totalaltogether)总共after all 毕竟，终究at all 到底，根本 above all 最重要的是The archaeologist will explain the theory _.这个考古学家将彻底地解释这个理论。这个考古学家将彻底地解释这个理论。once and for all.(教材P2)Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种看法。subscribe to a magazine 订阅杂志subscribe to a view 赞同一个观点
25、subscribe to a theory 赞同一个理论Only mad people would _ such views.只有疯子才会赞只有疯子才会赞同这种观点。同这种观点。(2)定期订购定期订购/订阅等；定期捐助订阅等；定期捐助I would like to _ a Dictionary of American Slang.我要订一本美国俚语词我要订一本美国俚语词典。典。subscribe to subscribe to(教材P3)Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.
26、幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防 You can use cheese in place of/instead of butter in some recipes.因为as a result ofowing to because of后常接人或事物，强调某事发生的原因 thanks to 通常用于好的方面，译为“多亏”due to较正式用语，常用于官方、公开声明中。The fire broke _ during the day,and therefore almost no one was injured.out(1)take charge of 主管；负责 in/unde
27、r the charge of 由负责/掌管(2)charge sb.for sth.因某事/某物向某人收费 free of charge(for free)免费 charge sb.with(doing)sth.指控某人(做)某事Could I speak to whoever is _ charge of International Sales,please?The kitchen is in _ charge of the cook.intheHe _ a bad cold last week.上星期，他得了重感冒。came down with _,Hawking was willing
28、 to admit his faults.最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。Above all,根据所给词性和汉意写出下面各英语单词的拓展形式1hydration n水合作用_n脱水2frustrate vt.使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧_ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的_ adj.令人沮丧的_ n挫折，失败3contradict v批驳；驳斥_ n矛盾；对立_ adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的4decrease n减少；降低_ v&n增加5infect vt.使感染；传染_ n感染；传染_ adj.传染的；易传染的6prove v证明，证明是_ n证据；证明；检验dehydrationfrustr
29、atedfrustratingfrustrationcontradictioncontradictoryincreaseinfectioninfectiousproof7multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的n(数学中的)倍数，(英)连锁商店_ vt.乘vi.繁殖，增殖_ n增高，增殖；乘法8suspect vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象_ adj.怀疑的；可疑的，令人怀疑的9intervene v出面；介入_ n介入；出面；干涉10pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的_ adj.不纯净的，不纯洁的_/_ n单纯；纯净_ adv.全然地，仅仅是，单单地11s
30、ubstance n物质_ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的12microscope n显微镜_ n望远镜13epidemic n流行病_ n流行病学14household n一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人_ n家务multiplymultiplicationsuspiciousinterventionimpurepuritypurenesssubstantialtelescopeepidemiologyhouseworkpurely15defense n保卫，防守保卫，防守_ vt.保卫；防守；辩解保卫；防守；辩解defensive adj.防卫的，防守的防卫的，防守的16assist v辅助；帮助辅助；帮助_ n助理；助手助理；助手17leader n领导人领导人ship(名词后缀：身份，地位名词后缀：身份，地位)_ n领导；领导地位；领导才能领导；领导地位；领导才能18gift n礼物；天赋礼物；天赋_ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的defendassistantleadershipgifted
