1、语法填空之动词时态一、一般现在时一、一般现在时 1.概念:概念:表示现阶段经常发生的动作或现在的某种状况,也表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。谓语动词要用原形,主语是第三人称时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。2.常见时间状语标志:always,usually,often,sometimes/attimes/onceinawhile/nowandthen,everyday,onSundays,onceaday/week/month/year等。例如:Idosomeexerciseeveryday.我每天做一些锻炼。SheknowsFrenchandGermanbesidesEnglish.除英语
2、外,她还懂法语和德语。Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东边升起。二、一般将来时二、一般将来时1.概念:概念:表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,以及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.常见时间状语标志常见时间状语标志:tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextday/week/month/year,thisweek/month/year,soon,in+时间状语(如inonehour/inafewminutes等),inthefuture,infuture等。例如:Illtakeyoutheretomorrow.我明天带你去那儿。Nextmonthwewillhav
3、eourschoolopenday.下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。TheTalentShowiscomingintwoweekstime.新秀选拔演出还有两周时间就要到了。三、一般过去时三、一般过去时1.概念:概念:表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。谓语动词要用过去时。2.常见时间状语标志常见时间状语标志:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastnight/week/month,时间词+ago(如threedaysago),in/on+过去的时间词(如in2010),justnow,atthattime=atthatmom
4、ent=then,inthosedays,oneday,longlongtimeago,onceuponatime,theotherday等。例如:Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensivemountainbike.两年前,她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车。Lastyear,however,nearlytwentybilliontonsofricewasproduced.然而,去年的稻谷产量接近200亿吨。四、现在进行时四、现在进行时1.概念:概念:表示现在正在进行的动作,或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。2.常见时间状语标志常见时间状语标
5、志:now,atthistime,atthis/themoment,atpresent,look,listen等。例如:Nowsheisplanningourscheduleforthetrip.现在她正在为旅行制定时间表。TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.当今在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。注意:不用进行时的动词:注意:不用进行时的动词:表示感官的动词:如see(看见),hear(听见),feel(感觉出),taste(尝出),smell(闻到),notice(注意到),observe(观察到)等
6、。表示某种情感或精神状态的动词:如believe,doubt,feel(=haveanopinion),hate,image,know,(dis)like,love,prefer,realize,appreciate,recognize,remember,see(=understand),suppose,think(=haveanopinion),understand,want,wish等。一些用于交际和应答的动词:如agree,appear,astonish,deny,disagree,impress,look(=seem),mean,please,promise,satisfy,seem,
7、surprise等。表示所属、类似、构成等关系的动词和系动词,如:be,belong,concern,consist,contain,depend,deserve,fit,include,involve,lack,matter,measure(=havelengthetc.),need,owe,own,possess,weigh(=haveweight)。五、过去进行时五、过去进行时1.概念概念:表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作,或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作,过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。2.常见时间状语标志常见时间状语标志:(just)then,atthattime,yest
8、erdayafternoon,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,from9to10lastevening/night,thosedays等。例如:MayIaskwhatyouweredoinginmyrestaurantyesterday?请问你昨天到我的餐馆里来干什么?Itwasacolddayandhisjacketwaslyingonthebackofachair.天很冷,他的夹克衫搭在椅背上。3.过去进行时和一般过去时的区别:过去进行时和一般过去时的区别:过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,强调动作的连续性;而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。六、现在完成
9、时六、现在完成时1.概念:概念:1)表示动作发生在过去,但其结果影响到现在。常见时常见时间状语标志间状语标志:already,yet,just,ever,recently/lately,inrecentdays/years,sofar,upto/till/bynow,in/over/duringthepastfewyears等。2)表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在,还可能持续下去。常见时间状语标志常见时间状语标志:for+时间段,(ever)since+时间点/过去时从句等。3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经历。常见时间状语标志常见时间状语标志:twice,e
10、ver,never,threetimes,before等。2.基本结构:have/has+动词的过去分词。3.注意:非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这些动词有:come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。如:arrive,comebehere,beinbuyhavebegin,startbeondiebedeadgooutbeoutjoinbeinborrowkeepfinish,endbeoverclosebeclosedleave,
11、movebeawayfallasleepbeasleep4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作。差别在于:现在完成时强调的是动作与现在的关系,即对现在的影响或动作延续到现在;而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某时发生,不表示和现在有关系。因此,句中有过去时间状语时,一般用一般过去时。试比较:Ihavelostmynewbike.我把新自行车丢了。(现在还未找到)Ilostmynewbikeyesterday.我昨天把新自行车丢了。(现在找到与否不清楚)Heworkedthereforthreeyears.他在那里工作了 3年。(现在
12、已不在那里工作)Hehasworkedthereforthreeyears.他在那里工作已 3年了。(现在仍在那里工作)5.注意注意:have/has gone to,have/has been to 和和have/has been in的区别:的区别:have/hasgoneto表示人在去某地的路上或在某地,还未回来;have/hasbeento表示人曾经去某地,并且人已经回来了;have/hasbeenin表示人已经在某地,常与一段时间连用。七、过去完成时七、过去完成时1.概念:概念:表示以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前的行为,即“过去的过去”。2.常见时
13、间状语标志常见时间状语标志:before,bytheendoflastterm/week/month/year等。例如:Mostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.当他到达晚会现场时,大多数客人已经离开了。Bythe1990sthenumberhadfallentoabout50,000.截止到20世纪90年代,(藏羚羊的)数量下降到了大约5万只。Beforehevolunteeredtodirectthetraffic,Timoteohadhadlotsofjobs.铁穆特欧在志愿指挥交通之前做过很多工作。八、过去将来时八、过去将来时1.概念:
14、概念:表示从过去某个时间看即将发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should/would+动词原形”构成。2.常见时间状语标志常见时间状语标志:通常在宾语从句中出现,主句谓语动词为过去时态。例如:Shesaidshewouldbethereatsevenoclock,andhethoughtshewouldkeepherword.她说她会在7点到达,他认为她会守信用的。Theyalwaystoldusthatonedaywewouldmoveintoahouse,arealhousethatwouldbeours.他们那时总是跟我们说总有一天我们会搬进一所房子,一所真正属于我们的房子。九、
15、依据固定句式决定时态九、依据固定句式决定时态请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。1、This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。That was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner.那是我第二次同外国人讲话。那是我第二次同外国人讲话。2、Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.我一上公交车,车就开动了。我一上公交车,
16、车就开动了。I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.我我刚躺下,电话铃就响了。刚躺下,电话铃就响了。3、I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正在做作业,突然她走了进来。我正在做作业,突然她走了进来。I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正要做作业,突然她走了进来。我正要做作业,突然她走了进来。I was on the point of going out when the phone r
17、ang.我正要出去,电话响了。我正要出去,电话响了。类类别别编编号号具体情况具体情况(熟记于心熟记于心)典型例句典型例句(熟读背诵熟读背诵)过过去去式式1if引导虚拟条件句引导虚拟条件句 If I were you,I should take my time.如果我是你,我就如果我是你,我就不着急。不着急。2with,without,or,but for,otherwise等引出的含蓄虚等引出的含蓄虚拟条件拟条件But for your help,I would have failed in the exam.要不要不是有你的帮助,我这次考试是有你的帮助,我这次考试就过不了关。就过不了关。十、
18、虚拟语气十、虚拟语气类类别别编编号号具体情况具体情况(烂记于心烂记于心)典型例句典型例句(熟读背诵熟读背诵)过过去去式式3wish后的宾后的宾语从句语从句I wish I had a house in Guangzhou,but I cant afford one.我多希望在广州有房,可是我多希望在广州有房,可是我买不起。我买不起。4if only后的后的句子句子If only I were rich.要是我很富有,要是我很富有,多好呀!多好呀!类类别别编编号号具体情况具体情况(烂记于心烂记于心)典型例句典型例句(熟读背诵熟读背诵)过过去去式式5would rather后的句子后的句子Id r
19、ather you hadnt said that.我真希望你没有那样说过。我真希望你没有那样说过。I would rather you went tomorrow.我宁愿你明天去。我宁愿你明天去。Id rather you were happy.我愿你快我愿你快乐。乐。6as if/though后的句子后的句子(可能用可能用)Mr Li,my English teacher,treats me as if I were his own son.英语英语老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待我。我。(should+)动词原形动词原形 7 10个个词词一个一个“坚持坚持(ins
20、ist)”I insist that she(should)come tomorrow.我坚持我坚持要求她明天来。要求她明天来。二个二个“命令命令(order,command)”He gave orders that the work(should)be started immediately.他他发出指示要立即开始工发出指示要立即开始工作。作。(should+)动词原形动词原形 7 10个个词词三个三个“建议建议(advise,suggest,recommend)”I recommended that he(should)consult a lawyer.我曾建议他去我曾建议他去咨询律师。咨
21、询律师。四个四个“要求要求(ask,request,require,demand)”She asked that she(should)be kept informed of development.她要求她要求告知进展情况。告知进展情况。(should+)动词原形动词原形8It is necessary/natural/important/strange thatIt is necessary that he(should)come to the office.他有必要他有必要到办公室来。到办公室来。当句中没有明确的时间状语,也不属于某种特当句中没有明确的时间状语,也不属于某种特殊句式或需要
22、应用虚拟语气的情况,则需参考殊句式或需要应用虚拟语气的情况,则需参考上下文确定动词的时态。上下文确定动词的时态。1.Classical music is good for your brain.Research suggests that it _(make)your brain more active.因因suggest在此意为在此意为“表明表明”,且此处指一般情况,且此处指一般情况,故用一般现在时。故用一般现在时。makes考点练透考点练透9.Over the years,rules _(work)out to guarantee safety and fairness.由由over th
23、e years可知,该句用现在完成时;该句主可知,该句用现在完成时;该句主语语rules和动词短语和动词短语work out之间为被动关系,故用之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。被动语态。have been worked11.I noticed a man sitting at the front.He _ (pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.was pretending在主语在主语He后,后,pretend显然是谓语动词;显然是谓语动词;giving it(the tiger)a voice的主语应当是的主语应当是He
24、,因此,因此,and giving与谓语与谓语动词是并列关系;由此推断动词是并列关系;由此推断,谓语动词应是过去进行时谓语动词应是过去进行时,故填故填was pretending。13.In the last few years,China _(make)great achievements in environmental protection.由由In the last few years可知用现在完成时。可知用现在完成时。14.I _(hear)nothing from him up to now.由由up to now可知用现在完成时。可知用现在完成时。has madehave hea
25、rd15.He _(think)about the problem when an apple fell to the ground.由由was/were doing sth when sb did固定句型可知。固定句型可知。was thinking16.This is the first time that our whole class _(go)out together for a picnic.在在This/It is the first time that句型中,句型中,that后的谓后的谓语动词用现在完成时。语动词用现在完成时。have gone5.Due to the hard
26、training they _(do)before,their performances were very impressive.由由before和和were可知用过去完成时。可知用过去完成时。had done22.If only I _(listen)to my parents at that time!But its too late now.因因if only(但愿,要是但愿,要是就好了就好了)与与wish的意义和用的意义和用法相同,后面的句子要用虚拟语气,由法相同,后面的句子要用虚拟语气,由at that time可可知是与过去事实相反的情况,故用过去完成时,填知是与过去事实相反的情
27、况,故用过去完成时,填had listened。had listened24.But for your help last week,we _(be)late.由由but for(如果没有,要不是如果没有,要不是)可知要用虚拟语气,由可知要用虚拟语气,由句意可知是与过去事实相反的情况,故填句意可知是与过去事实相反的情况,故填would have been。would have been26.She requested that no one _ _(tell)of her decision until the next meeting.因因request后的从句谓语用后的从句谓语用(shoul
28、d+)动词原形,且动词原形,且no one与与tell是被动关系,故填是被动关系,故填(should)be told。(should)betold18.Hardly had the game begun when it _(start)raining.由由Hardlywhen句型可知,前面多用过去完成时,句型可知,前面多用过去完成时,when后谓语动词常用一般过去时。后谓语动词常用一般过去时。started3.As she tried to drive her cows to higher ground,she _(slip)and hit her head on a fallen tree
29、trunk.从句谓语动词是一般过去时,所以主句谓语动词也从句谓语动词是一般过去时,所以主句谓语动词也用一般过去时态。用一般过去时态。slipped27.Tom was not there that day,but he described the scene as vividly as if he _(be)there.if后用虚拟,表示与过去事实相反应用后用虚拟,表示与过去事实相反应用had done,故故答案为答案为had been。had been17.There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone _(interrupt)me that evening.在在It/This was the second time(that)句型中,句型中,that从从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。句的谓语动词用过去完成时。had interrupted