1、阅读理解专题突破之阅读理解专题突破之 词义猜测题词义猜测题Step1猜测词义常见设问方式猜测词义常见设问方式vWhich of the following is the nearest in meaning to“?vWhat does the author probably mean by“?vThe word“in the contest means _.vThe term can be best replaced by _.vThe word“probably refers to _.vAs used in the line the word“refers to _.vAccording
2、 to the passage,the word“is known as_.vThe passage use the word“to refer to _vAccording to the author,the underlined word“means_.vFrom the context/passage,we can infer that the word“means _.在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔出其指代对象。做这类题，
3、应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。往可从文章中找出或推测出。1.Charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin collection.“Weve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,”she explains.“That was before the Euro,s
4、o we put pesetas in.”The underlined word“pesetas”in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _.A.story B.collection C.inspiration D.foreign coin 2.Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness,Houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect:love and care for others.Without these,none of us could su
5、rvive.Houng turned down donations from others.He said he felt encouraged by kind offers,but he could depend on his own work.The underlined word“donation”in Para.3 probably means _.A.invitation to give a speech B.something,especially given to help othersC.questions asked by interviewers D.chances to
6、be a hero【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。猜测词义第一招利用上下文语境线索任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。3.The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized:loneliness,helplessness
7、,boredom,and lose of memory.4.Some ships carried cargo such as coal,oil and military supplies(军用物资),while others carried only passengers.老年综合症老年综合症goods5.Scientists grow large quantities of common mould(霉菌)so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics,that is,substances that k
8、ill germs.6.Marine biology,the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation,has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.7.Yet,shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems,such as shoplifter,who always takes away things from the shop without paying for them.抗生素抗生
9、素海洋生物学海洋生物学商店里偷窃商店里偷窃的人的人【思考归纳】这四道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。第二招利用定义和解释性线索阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be,that is,mean,stand for,namely,to refer to,to mean,in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括弧来表示。留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。8.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator becaus
10、e he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.From the passage,we can infer that the word“autocratic means _A.friendly to others B.modest and kindlyC.sticking to ones own opinion D.hard-working 9.Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.jazz:
11、1.n.a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats.2.n.popular dance music influenced by jazz.3.n.slang.Empty talk.4.adj.of or like jazz;a jazz band,jazz records.What does the word“jazz”mean in the following sentence?Dont give me that jazz,for I am a practical
12、person.A.Rhythmic beats.B.A type of music.C.A kind of dance.D.Meaningless talk.【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。第三招根据逻辑关系进行判断。英语中句与句之间在语意上往往存在一些逻辑关系，如因果、对比、并列、转折关系等。因果关系的语境，通常由because,so,therefore,so that,so/such that 等连词体现。10.“Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.
13、They must be carefully cultivated.”The underlined word“cultivated”(Paragraph 1)roughly means _.A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed11.Written language tends to be static,while spoken language constantly changes.According to the author,the underlined word static means _.A.unchangeable B.ina
14、ctive C.respective D.widespread12.Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population,Japans population is quite homogeneous.【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_单一的单一的第四招利用对比线索有时文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这时句中多见unlike;although;but;
15、yet;while;on the contrary;on the other hand;for one thing;for another;instead of;rather than等信息词。13.Millions of animals die each year on US roads,the Federal Highway administration reports.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat exist in the US today.The main reason?Roadkill.14 Mansion,
16、church,battle site,theatre and other public halls can be preserved.an endangered wild catother public halls【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。第五招利用同义线索和同等关系同义词替换可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有 or,like,similarly等。同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概意思。
17、15.You can take any of the periodicals:The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in School,of English learning.16.Many United nations employees are polyglots:Mr.Simpson,for example,speaks five languages fluently.【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。期刊会多国语言的人第六招利用例证性线索 某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。
18、such as,like,for example,for instance等连接性词语往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的名词。17.Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.18.Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago,it seems that more and
19、 more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.抗毒抗毒简化的简化的【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。v第七招根据构词法v 阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。教学大纲已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。下题中划线的词可换为：19.New York,10 November,5:27 p.m.,yesterday.Biggest power failure in the citys history.A
20、.enough B.not passing C.lack of D.lack【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。第八招注意熟词生义英语中大量的词汇具有多义性，其含义并非完全等同于词典所标注的汉语意思，具体的词义需要在一定的上下文中体现出来。阅读理解中的熟悉词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3%；其二，熟悉词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟悉词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。20.Rainforests like the Amazon are important
21、for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.The underlined phrase“mopping up”in the second paragraph means _.A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving up21.She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop.She pushed past the desk and as the nurse lo
22、oked up.Mum nodded and said,“Very dirty floor.”拖把拖把【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。第九招根据常识或经验猜测词义在阅读中碰到生词时，我们有时可以运用逻辑推理能力、自身的生活经验及生活常识去推断生词的含义。当然也要结合语境。22.The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature with the basic tools they had.23.The aging of t
23、he population will affect American society in many ways-education,medicine,and business.The underlined work“aging”means _.A.counting the number of years someone lives B.the numbers of years someone livesC.becoming olderD.making someone looking olderbattle(v.)与与-作斗争作斗争【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。根据词性转化，猜测它在语境中的词义
