1、 一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则（一）（一）each,either,neither,one,the other,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,no one,nobody,nothing等词只能用指单数可数名词。它等词只能用指单数可数名词。它们在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数们在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。注：（。注：（1）被）被each 或或 every 限定的主语限定的主语要用单数谓语动词。（要用单数谓语动词。（2）each 位于复数位于复数主语后时，不影响这个主语的数
2、，谓语主语后时，不影响这个主语的数，谓语动词仍用复数。动词仍用复数。1.Everyone (have)his own idea.2.Each (take)a cup of coffee.3.(be)there anybody in the classroom?4.Every boy and girl (have)been invited to the tea party.5.They each (have)won a prize.hastakesIshashave(二二)either 或或 neither 后面也可以加上后面也可以加上“of+复复数名词或代词数名词或代词”either of+复
3、数名词或代词作主复数名词或代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。语时谓语动词用单数。neither of+复数名词或复数名词或代词时谓语动词的数用单数或复数都可以。代词时谓语动词的数用单数或复数都可以。1.Either of the children (be)eager to go.2.Neither of them (have)replied.ishave/has(三三)more than one 和和many a 的短语作主的短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数语时，谓语动词要用单数。1.Many a student (be)reading in the classroom.2.More than one
4、 person (have)voted against him.ishas(四四)as well as,besides,along with,together with,rather than,including,等引导的短语跟在单数或等引导的短语跟在单数或复数名词的后面作主语时，谓语动复数名词的后面作主语时，谓语动词的数不受这些短语的影响。也就词的数不受这些短语的影响。也就是说：谓语动词的数与主语的数一是说：谓语动词的数与主语的数一致。致。1.The teacher as well as the students (like)this painting.2.Everyone else,bes
5、ides myself,(believe)him to be innocent.3.The usage of words,together with that of phrases,(have)to be carefully studied.4.The father,rather than the brothers,(be)responsible for the loss.likesbelieveshasis二、意义一致原则(一一)形复意单的主语用单数动词的情形复意单的主语用单数动词的情况况（1）主语为）主语为“一段时间一段时间”“”“一笔金一笔金钱钱”“”“一个重量一个重量”时，形式上为复时
6、，形式上为复数，但意义上为单数时，则谓语动数，但意义上为单数时，则谓语动词用单数。词用单数。1.One hundred dollars (be)not a large sum of money.2.Thirty miles (be)too long a distance for me.3.Five years (be)too long a time for me.isisis（2）复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待（如人名、地名、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等名称）时，谓语动词用单数。1.Athens (be)is a city.2.The United States (be)in North Amer
7、ican.3.The New York Times (have)a wide circulation.isishas(二二)形复意单的主语用复数动词的形复意单的主语用复数动词的情况情况（1）一些形复意单的名词，包括有成双部分）一些形复意单的名词，包括有成双部分的衣物名称，如的衣物名称，如:trousers,pants,shoes;工具工具名称，如名称，如 scissors,glasses等作主语时，谓语动等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。注意：这类名词前经常用词用复数。注意：这类名词前经常用this/that/a pair of来修饰，这时谓语动词要单来修饰，这时谓语动词要单数。数。1.My blu
8、e trousers (have)won out.2.My glasses (be)new.3.This pair of scissors (be)made in Hangzhou.haveareis 表示总称的名词，如：表示总称的名词，如：people,cattle,police,clothes等作主语时，谓等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。语动词用复数。1.Many people presents.(be)2.The cattle well fed.(be)3.The police after the thieves.(be)areareis三、就近一致原则（一）由 not only.but a
9、lso;neither.nor;either.or;whether.or;not.but等连接主语。（二）There be 后有多个并列名词。1.Not only the father but the children (be)there.2.Either the teacher or his brother (be)coming.3.Neither money nor fame (have)influence on me.4.There (be)some books,a pen and a pencil on the desk.areishasis练习巩固 1.I,who_(be)your
10、friend,will try my best to help you with your English.2.The rich _(be)not always happy.3.Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ (be)his students.4.Every boy and every girl _(wish)to attend the evening party.5.Over 80 percent of the population of China_(be)peasants 6.Every means_(be)tried but without any resul
11、t.amarearewishesarehas been 7.Chairman Mao s works _(be)published.8.The old _(be)well looked after by the government in China.9.This is one of the best novels that _(have)appeared this year.10.Ten thousand dollars _(be)quite a large sum.11.About 20 percent of the work _(be)done yesterday.12.Nobody _
12、(allow)to smoke in the cinema.has beenarehaveiswasis allowed 13.The United States of America _(be)one of the most developed countries in the world.14.Many a man _(have)come to help us.15.More than one member _(be)against the plan.16.More than a dozen students in that school _ (sent)abroad to study m
13、edicine last year.ishasisWere sent 17.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities_(be)rising steadily since 1997.18.A number of students _(be)planting trees on the hill 19.At present,one of the arguments in favor of the new airport_(be)that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.2
14、0.In the last few years,China_(make)great achievements in environmental protection.has beenareishas made 21.He must have sensed that I _(look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”22.To my delight,I _(choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the
15、opening ceremony.23.Hurry up kids!The school bus_(wait)for us!24.Planning so far ahead_(make)no senseso many things will have changed by next yea was lookingwas chosenis waitingmakes单句改错 1.A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents are nearly 3
16、20,000 in Beijing.2On the contrary,I think it is Truman,rather than you,are to blame.Bill was standing at the side of the car,talking to two men who was helping him to repair it.isiswere 4Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit
17、 5If I listen to my own records,there are no need to spend money.6.The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.givesismeans 7.You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class 8.About one thousand graduates took exams fo
18、r it,but only a few was chosen and I was one of them.knowswere 9.There are some meat,some bread and some apples on the table.10.More than one worker have been sent to the training center to improve their working skills in the past three years.ishas翻译下列句子 1.听到你无法适应新的班级，我和他都非常难过。（听到你无法适应新的班级，我和他都非常难过。
19、（both.and.）When I heard that you couldnt adapt to the new class,both he and I felt terribly sorry.2.他和他父母在广州生活得很开心。（他和他父母在广州生活得很开心。（as well as）He as well as his parents enjoys living in Guangzhou.有很多人在有很多人在KFC外面等，因为那里的食物很美外面等，因为那里的食物很美味（味（there be)There are many people waiting outside KFC,because the food there is very delicious4.在过去的几十年里，他在与人交流方面有困在过去的几十年里，他在与人交流方面有困难。难。In the past few decades,he had difficulty in communicating with others.5.不仅他而且我都擅长英语，所以同学们经常向我们求助。Not only he but also I am good at English,so the classmates often turn to us for help.
