1、sharkesSHARK 鲨鱼早在鲨鱼早在恐龙恐龙出现出现前三亿年前就已经前三亿年前就已经存在地球上，至今存在地球上，至今已超过四亿年，它已超过四亿年，它们在近一亿年来几们在近一亿年来几乎没有改变。鲨鱼乎没有改变。鲨鱼是是海洋中的庞然大海洋中的庞然大物物，所以号称，所以号称“海海中霸王中霸王”。鱼翅汤Mayby you like itDo you know?中国中国目前是世界第一大鱼翅进口国，目前是世界第一大鱼翅进口国，随着中国民众生活水平的提高，鱼翅随着中国民众生活水平的提高，鱼翅已不再是少数人特享，而鱼翅被水银已不再是少数人特享，而鱼翅被水银(mercury)污染的程度高达百分之七十污染的
2、程度高达百分之七十，而且食用鱼翅正使全球鲨鱼种群遭，而且食用鱼翅正使全球鲨鱼种群遭遇绝灭之灾。渔民在捕捞上一条鲨鱼遇绝灭之灾。渔民在捕捞上一条鲨鱼后不论大小，都会在甲板上用电锯活后不论大小，都会在甲板上用电锯活生生地把鲨鱼的背鳍生生地把鲨鱼的背鳍(dorsal fin)、两、两个胸鳍个胸鳍(pectoral fin)和一部分尾鳍和一部分尾鳍(tail fin)割掉，然后将全身血流不止的鲨鱼割掉，然后将全身血流不止的鲨鱼扔回海中扔回海中.它们最后在饥饿和伤痛中悲惨地死去它们最后在饥饿和伤痛中悲惨地死去 因为鱼翅的价格甚高，近年吸引各地因为鱼翅的价格甚高，近年吸引各地渔民争相在海中捕杀渔民争相在海
3、中捕杀鲨鱼鲨鱼，引致海中，引致海中生态生态出现不平衡，导致部分鲨鱼濒危出现不平衡，导致部分鲨鱼濒危。由此导致鲨鱼总数大幅减少。由此导致鲨鱼总数大幅减少50年来下降了年来下降了80%。据估计，每年全球。据估计，每年全球有有1百万鲨鱼被捕杀，鱼翅的年产值达百万鲨鱼被捕杀，鱼翅的年产值达到到12亿美金。消费者消费鱼翅的心理亿美金。消费者消费鱼翅的心理动机主要是动机主要是“为了显示个人的品位或为了显示个人的品位或身份身份”、“高档次的鱼翅能给个人的高档次的鱼翅能给个人的事业或健康带来帮助事业或健康带来帮助”。真相！吃鲨鱼肉、鱼翅会对人体有很大真相！吃鲨鱼肉、鱼翅会对人体有很大伤害！伤害！据中国海洋大学
4、的据中国海洋大学的鲨鱼鱼翅营养学报告鲨鱼鱼翅营养学报告和香和香港大学的港大学的危险的鱼翅汤危险的鱼翅汤中相关数据显示，从中相关数据显示，从现代营养学的角度看，鱼翅并不含有任何人体健现代营养学的角度看，鱼翅并不含有任何人体健康有益或高价值的营养，鱼翅汤的美味主要来自康有益或高价值的营养，鱼翅汤的美味主要来自它的配料，而并非鱼翅本身。该调查报告还显示它的配料，而并非鱼翅本身。该调查报告还显示出，鱼翅这种高档营养品被重金属毒素水银污染出，鱼翅这种高档营养品被重金属毒素水银污染的程度很高，含有可被人体吸收的水银比率已超的程度很高，含有可被人体吸收的水银比率已超出正常允许含量的几十倍。因此，多吃鲨鱼肉、
5、出正常允许含量的几十倍。因此，多吃鲨鱼肉、鱼翅都可能会对人体有很大伤害。鱼翅都可能会对人体有很大伤害。艾米护鲨俱乐部艾米护鲨俱乐部 2011 Amys Shark Protection Club Save the sharks!3a Discuss the questions with a partner.1.Have you ever seen a shark?2.What do you know about sharks?3b Read the passage.Complete the fact sheet below.Where sharks fin soup is popular Nu
6、mber of sharks caught and traded every year the numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen in the last 20 to 30 years Two environmental groups which are against finning In southern China.Around 70 million sharksOver 90 percentThey are WildAid and the WWF.3c Read the passage and fill in the blanks w
7、ith the words in the box.So although if but when1.Many people do not realize they are killing a whole Shark_ they enjoy a bowl of sharks fin soup.2.Sharks are at the top of the food chain,_if their numbers drop,the oceans ecosystem will be in danger.3.Many think that sharks are too strong to be enda
8、ngered,_theyre wrong.whensobut 4._there are no scientific studies to support this,a lot of people believe that sharks fins are good for health.5.Sharks may disappear one day_we do not do something to stop the sale of sharks fins.Althoughif4a Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in
9、brackets.Interviewer:_you ever_(take)part in an environmental project?Ken:Yes,I have.I_(help)with a Clean-Up Day last year.It was_(consider)the biggest clean-up project this city_ever _(have).Interviewer:How many people_(take)part?Havetakenhelpedconsideredhadhadtook Ken:I_(think)more than 1,000 peop
10、le _(come)to help out.Interviewer:Thats fantastic!I guess everyone in this city is_(try)to improve the environment.Ken:Yes,everyone should_(play)a part in keeping the city clean.thinkcametryingplay4b Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.can would could have to should must
11、 may/might When it comes to saving the earth,people_think that big things_be done.However,many forget that saving the earthbegins with small things.For example,you_save electricityby turning off the lights when you leave a room.You_also use paper or reusable bags instead of plastic bags.In some stor
12、es,you now_ pay for plastic bags.I think this is a great idea.And instead of driving to school or work,you_ride your bike or walk.If its far,you_take the bus.All these small things_add up and become big things that_improve the environment.We cannot afford to wait any longer before taking action!Revi
13、ew of Tenses 1.Present Progressive2.Present Simple3.“used to”+infinitive4.Present Perfect5.Past progressive6.Future simple7.Passive Voice8.Model verbs1.What a fine day today!Look!What are they doing?Lily Lucy 1.1.现在进行时现在进行时:Present Progressive概念概念:表示现在正在发生的动作表示现在正在发生的动作结构结构:be(is,am,are)+doing标志语：标志
14、语：Look!、Listen!、now一般在动词原形后一般在动词原形后+inggoaskgoing asking以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的结尾的,去去e，+ingwritetakewritingtaking重读闭音节以一个重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，辅音字母结尾的，双写这一字母双写这一字母+inggetrunswimgettingrunningswimming动词动词-ing-ing形式的构成形式的构成1.The twins _(wash)the clothes now.2.Look!He _(play)basketball over there.3.Listen!_ Sally _(s
15、ing)?are washingis playingIs singingExercise 2.How often do you?(once a week,twice,never)I have a friend.His/Her name is.He/She plays.一般现在时一般现在时:Present Simple概念概念:表示习惯、经常性的动作表示习惯、经常性的动作结构结构:do、does标志语：标志语：usually、often、never、sometimes、once a week、twice a month、every year1.They _(wash)the clothes ev
16、ery day.2.Sometimes he _(play)basketball over there.3.How often _ Sally _(sing)?washesplaysExercise doessing-What did you do last Sunday morning?-I went to.morningwentafternoonvisitednight3.3.一般过去时一般过去时Last Sunday morning,my friend.In the afternoon,he/she.And at night,he/shemorningwentafternoonvisit
17、ednightdid一般过去时一般过去时:Past Simple概念概念:表示过去发生的动作表示过去发生的动作结构结构:did标志语：标志语：yesterday、.ago、in 1992、last week/month动词动词-ed-ed形式的构成：形式的构成：在动词后加在动词后加-edwantanswerwantedanswered以字母以字母e 结尾的动词，结尾的动词，只只+dmovediemoveddied“辅音字母辅音字母+y”，变，变y 为为i,再再+edcarrycrycarriedcried重读闭音节以一个重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，辅音字母结尾的，双写双写+edstoppl
18、anstoppedplanned-Have you packed yet?-Yes,I have packed.No,I havent pack the towelsYes pack the cameraNo water the plantsYes 4.现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时:Present Perfect概念概念:表示已经发生的动作表示已经发生的动作结构结构:has done、have done标志语：标志语：already、yet、ever、never、since、forgetgotgottengowentgoneeatateeatenarewerebeendodiddo
19、necutcutcutsaysaidsaid不规则过去分词不规则过去分词taketooktakenswimswamswumdrinkdrankdrunkhavehadhadcomecamecomeputputputseesawseen不规则过去分词不规则过去分词5.过去进行时过去进行时:Past Progressive 概念概念:表示过去正在发生的动作表示过去正在发生的动作 结构结构:be(was，were)+doing 标志语：标志语：at 8:00 yesterday、when、while、6.一般将来时一般将来时:Future Simple概念概念:表示将要发生的动作表示将要发生的动作结
20、构结构:will do、shall do、be(is/am/are)going to do标志语：标志语：tomorrow、in.、next概念概念:表示主语是动作的承受者表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的即行为动作的 对象的一种语态。对象的一种语态。结构结构:be+动词过去分词动词过去分词e.g.In 1972,it was discovered that they were endangered Our classroom is cleaned every day7.Passive voice 1.can,could(1)表示能力，“能，会”Can you play basketball
21、?(2)表示怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中 He cant be in classroom.(3)表示请求或允许，口语，“可以”相当may You can go now.用法(4)could 是can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力 I could swim when I was seven years old.(5)can开头的一般疑问句 以can和cant回答could开头的一般疑问句 以could和couldnt回答 2.may(1)表推测，“也许，可能”用于肯定句 He may come tomorrow.(2)表请求、许可“可以”May I borrow your book?否定回答
22、时用“mustnt”(3)表示祝愿 May you success.Can 和could都可以用来征求意见或允许，可互换使用 3.must(1)“必须 应该”(2)表推测“一定”(3)表推测时，肯定句中:must 否定句：can、may 疑问句：can May not：“可能不”Cant：“不可能”(4)否定句中，mustnt表示禁止，“不允许”Must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt（=dont have to）“不需要，不必”4.need（1）need+to do：need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定（2）need+doing：表被动意义（3）need+do：ne
23、ed为情态动词，用need提问或回答，肯定回答用need，否定回答用neednt 5.had better“had better+动词原形”：最好做某事，否定形式用：had better not do 6.shall(should),will(would)(1)shall用于第一人称征求意见、询问。(2)should常用来表示义务、责任 We should obey traffic laws.(3)will 用于第二人称表示询问，请求，可也以表达现在的“意愿”Will you pass me the book？We will do anything for you.(4)would用于表示过去
24、的意愿或委婉提问 Would you tell me the way to the station?区分 1.can 和 be able to 表示能力时用法相同 Can：一般现在时、一般过去时（could）Be able to：现在时、过去时、将来时 Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year,but now he can.We will be able to come back next week.2.can 和may 表示可能性时的区别(1)肯定句中用may 表示可能 You had better ask the policeman.He may know.(
25、2)否定句中，语气肯定，“不可能”用cant 语气不肯定，“可能不”用may not 3.would,should,could,might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉的语气 4.must,have(has)to 都是“必须”的意思，常可互换使用，但,have(has)to 是用于强调客观需要，“必须，不得不”Must用于强调主观看法，“必须，应该”5.maybe 和 may be may 情态动词，后面+动词原形be，用在句中 maybe 副词，“大概，也许”相当于perhaps，用于句首 6.cant 和 mustnt 否定推测：cant“不可能”mustnt“禁止，不允许”，不能
26、用于推测 must肯定句中表推测，“一定”1.The twins _(wash)the clothes for an hour.2.He _(play)basketball since three years ago.3.How long _ Sally _(sing)yet?have washedhas playedExercise hassung1.I usually _ up at 6:00,but yesterday I _up at 7:00,and tomorrow I _ (get)up at 6:30.2.Listen!Someone _(knock)at the door.3
27、.I _(be)in Beijing for two years.4.How often _Andy_(surf)the Internet?getgotwill getis knockinghave beendoesExercise surf5.He fell asleep while he _ (read)a book.6.I_never_（hear)of that man before.7.My brother often _(go)for walks last summer.8._the story _(happen)in London in 1940?was readinghavewe
28、ntheardDid happen9.What _he _(do)when his mother opened the door?10.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,they _(go)fishing.11._ Kates sisters _(play)the piano every Sunday?12.They _(not call)you the day after tomorrow.14.Tom _(work)there since two years ago.was doesnt rain will go Do wont calldoingplay has wor
29、kedNothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。义务教育教科书（人教）九年级英语下册义务教育教科书（人教）九年级英语下册Period2 SectionA3a-4csharkesSHARK 鲨鱼早在鲨鱼早在恐龙恐龙出现出现前三亿年前就已经前三亿年前就已经存在地球上，至今存在地球上，至今已超过四亿年，它已超过四亿年，它们在近一亿年来几们在近一亿年来几乎没有改变。鲨鱼乎没有改变。鲨鱼是是海洋中的庞然大海洋中的庞然大物物，所以号称，所以号称“海海中霸王中霸王”。鱼翅汤Mayby you like itDo yo
30、u know?中国中国目前是世界第一大鱼翅进口国，目前是世界第一大鱼翅进口国，随着中国民众生活水平的提高，鱼翅随着中国民众生活水平的提高，鱼翅已不再是少数人特享，而鱼翅被水银已不再是少数人特享，而鱼翅被水银(mercury)污染的程度高达百分之七十污染的程度高达百分之七十，而且食用鱼翅正使全球鲨鱼种群遭，而且食用鱼翅正使全球鲨鱼种群遭遇绝灭之灾。渔民在捕捞上一条鲨鱼遇绝灭之灾。渔民在捕捞上一条鲨鱼后不论大小，都会在甲板上用电锯活后不论大小，都会在甲板上用电锯活生生地把鲨鱼的背鳍生生地把鲨鱼的背鳍(dorsal fin)、两、两个胸鳍个胸鳍(pectoral fin)和一部分尾鳍和一部分尾鳍(t
31、ail fin)割掉，然后将全身血流不止的鲨鱼割掉，然后将全身血流不止的鲨鱼扔回海中扔回海中.它们最后在饥饿和伤痛中悲惨地死去它们最后在饥饿和伤痛中悲惨地死去 因为鱼翅的价格甚高，近年吸引各地因为鱼翅的价格甚高，近年吸引各地渔民争相在海中捕杀渔民争相在海中捕杀鲨鱼鲨鱼，引致海中，引致海中生态生态出现不平衡，导致部分鲨鱼濒危出现不平衡，导致部分鲨鱼濒危。由此导致鲨鱼总数大幅减少。由此导致鲨鱼总数大幅减少50年来下降了年来下降了80%。据估计，每年全球。据估计，每年全球有有1百万鲨鱼被捕杀，鱼翅的年产值达百万鲨鱼被捕杀，鱼翅的年产值达到到12亿美金。消费者消费鱼翅的心理亿美金。消费者消费鱼翅的心理
32、动机主要是动机主要是“为了显示个人的品位或为了显示个人的品位或身份身份”、“高档次的鱼翅能给个人的高档次的鱼翅能给个人的事业或健康带来帮助事业或健康带来帮助”。真相！吃鲨鱼肉、鱼翅会对人体有真相！吃鲨鱼肉、鱼翅会对人体有很大伤害！很大伤害！据中国海洋大学的据中国海洋大学的鲨鱼鱼翅营养学报告鲨鱼鱼翅营养学报告和香和香港大学的港大学的危险的鱼翅汤危险的鱼翅汤中相关数据显示，从中相关数据显示，从现代营养学的角度看，鱼翅并不含有任何人体健现代营养学的角度看，鱼翅并不含有任何人体健康有益或高价值的营养，鱼翅汤的美味主要来自康有益或高价值的营养，鱼翅汤的美味主要来自它的配料，而并非鱼翅本身。该调查报告还显
33、示它的配料，而并非鱼翅本身。该调查报告还显示出，鱼翅这种高档营养品被重金属毒素水银污染出，鱼翅这种高档营养品被重金属毒素水银污染的程度很高，含有可被人体吸收的水银比率已超的程度很高，含有可被人体吸收的水银比率已超出正常允许含量的几十倍。因此，多吃鲨鱼肉、出正常允许含量的几十倍。因此，多吃鲨鱼肉、鱼翅都可能会对人体有很大伤害。鱼翅都可能会对人体有很大伤害。艾米护鲨俱乐部艾米护鲨俱乐部 2011 Amys Shark Protection Club Save the sharks!3a Discuss the questions with a partner.1.Have you ever see
34、n a shark?2.What do you know about sharks?3b Read the passage.Complete the fact sheet below.Where sharks fin soup is popular Number of sharks caught and traded every year the numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen in the last 20 to 30 years Two environmental groups which are against finning In
35、southern China.Around 70 million sharksOver 90 percentThey are WildAid and the WWF.3c Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the words in the box.So although if but when1.Many people do not realize they are killing a whole Shark_ they enjoy a bowl of sharks fin soup.2.Sharks are at the top of
36、the food chain,_if their numbers drop,the oceans ecosystem will be in danger.3.Many think that sharks are too strong to be endangered,_theyre wrong.whensobut 4._there are no scientific studies to support this,a lot of people believe that sharks fins are good for health.5.Sharks may disappear one day
37、_we do not do something to stop the sale of sharks fins.Althoughif4a Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Interviewer:_you ever_(take)part in an environmental project?Ken:Yes,I have.I_(help)with a Clean-Up Day last year.It was_(consider)the biggest clean-up project this
38、 city_ever _(have).Interviewer:How many people_(take)part?Havetakenhelpedconsideredhadhadtook Ken:I_(think)more than 1,000 people _(come)to help out.Interviewer:Thats fantastic!I guess everyone in this city is_(try)to improve the environment.Ken:Yes,everyone should_(play)a part in keeping the city c
39、lean.thinkcametryingplay4b Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.can would could have to should must may/might When it comes to saving the earth,people_think that big things_be done.However,many forget that saving the earthbegins with small things.For example,you_save elec
40、tricityby turning off the lights when you leave a room.You_also use paper or reusable bags instead of plastic bags.In some stores,you now_ pay for plastic bags.I think this is a great idea.And instead of driving to school or work,you_ride your bike or walk.If its far,you_take the bus.All these small
41、 things_add up and become big things that_improve the environment.We cannot afford to wait any longer before taking action!Review of Tenses 1.Present Progressive2.Present Simple3.“used to”+infinitive4.Present Perfect5.Past progressive6.Future simple7.Passive Voice8.Model verbs1.What a fine day today
42、!Look!What are they doing?Lily Lucy 1.1.现在进行时现在进行时:Present Progressive概念概念:表示现在正在发生的动作表示现在正在发生的动作结构结构:be(is,am,are)+doing标志语：标志语：Look!、Listen!、now一般在动词原形后一般在动词原形后+inggoaskgoing asking以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的结尾的,去去e，+ingwritetakewritingtaking重读闭音节以一个重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，辅音字母结尾的，双写这一字母双写这一字母+inggetrunswimgettingrunn
43、ingswimming动词动词-ing-ing形式的构成形式的构成1.The twins _(wash)the clothes now.2.Look!He _(play)basketball over there.3.Listen!_ Sally _(sing)?are washingis playingIs singingExercise 2.How often do you?(once a week,twice,never)I have a friend.His/Her name is.He/She plays.一般现在时一般现在时:Present Simple概念概念:表示习惯、经常性的
44、动作表示习惯、经常性的动作结构结构:do、does标志语：标志语：usually、often、never、sometimes、once a week、twice a month、every year1.They _(wash)the clothes every day.2.Sometimes he _(play)basketball over there.3.How often _ Sally _(sing)?washesplaysExercise doessing-What did you do last Sunday morning?-I went to.morningwentaftern
45、oonvisitednight3.3.一般过去时一般过去时Last Sunday morning,my friend.In the afternoon,he/she.And at night,he/shemorningwentafternoonvisitednightdid一般过去时一般过去时:Past Simple概念概念:表示过去发生的动作表示过去发生的动作结构结构:did标志语：标志语：yesterday、.ago、in 1992、last week/month动词动词-ed-ed形式的构成：形式的构成：在动词后加在动词后加-edwantanswerwantedanswered以字母以字
46、母e 结尾的动词，结尾的动词，只只+dmovediemoveddied“辅音字母辅音字母+y”，变，变y 为为i,再再+edcarrycrycarriedcried重读闭音节以一个重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，辅音字母结尾的，双写双写+edstopplanstoppedplanned-Have you packed yet?-Yes,I have packed.No,I havent pack the towelsYes pack the cameraNo water the plantsYes 4.现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时:Present Perfect概念概念:表示已经发
47、生的动作表示已经发生的动作结构结构:has done、have done标志语：标志语：already、yet、ever、never、since、forgetgotgottengowentgoneeatateeatenarewerebeendodiddonecutcutcutsaysaidsaid不规则过去分词不规则过去分词taketooktakenswimswamswumdrinkdrankdrunkhavehadhadcomecamecomeputputputseesawseen不规则过去分词不规则过去分词5.过去进行时过去进行时:Past Progressive 概念概念:表示过去正在发
48、生的动作表示过去正在发生的动作 结构结构:be(was，were)+doing 标志语：标志语：at 8:00 yesterday、when、while、6.一般将来时一般将来时:Future Simple概念概念:表示将要发生的动作表示将要发生的动作结构结构:will do、shall do、be(is/am/are)going to do标志语：标志语：tomorrow、in.、next概念概念:表示主语是动作的承受者表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的即行为动作的 对象的一种语态。对象的一种语态。结构结构:be+动词过去分词动词过去分词e.g.In 1972,it was discove
49、red that they were endangered Our classroom is cleaned every day7.Passive voice 1.can,could(1)表示能力，“能，会”Can you play basketball?(2)表示怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中 He cant be in classroom.(3)表示请求或允许，口语，“可以”相当may You can go now.用法(4)could 是can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力 I could swim when I was seven years old.(5)can开头的一般疑问句 以
50、can和cant回答could开头的一般疑问句 以could和couldnt回答 2.may(1)表推测，“也许，可能”用于肯定句 He may come tomorrow.(2)表请求、许可“可以”May I borrow your book?否定回答时用“mustnt”(3)表示祝愿 May you success.Can 和could都可以用来征求意见或允许，可互换使用 3.must(1)“必须 应该”(2)表推测“一定”(3)表推测时，肯定句中:must 否定句：can、may 疑问句：can May not：“可能不”Cant：“不可能”(4)否定句中，mustnt表示禁止，“不允许
