1、2020年中考英语必考点Chapter 11. love vt. 喜欢，喜爱 【短语】：love sb./sth. 喜欢某人/某物 love to do sth. 喜欢做某事（某一次） love doing sth. 喜欢做某事（表示习惯） 【拓展】: like & enjoy1) like vt. & prep.【反义词】dislike, unlike【辨析】：like 和as有什么区别呢？He talked to me as a father. & He talked to me like a father.【句型辨析】：What is/are sb. like?Whats your fa
2、ther like?He is a serious person.What do/does sb. look like?What does your boyfriend look like?He is tall with black hair.What do/does sb. like?What subject do you like?I like English.How do/does sb. like sth? = How do/does sb. find sth.? = What do/does sb. think of sth.?How do you like the movie?No
3、t bad.How would sb. like sth.?How would you like your coffee?Black, please.2) enjoy 【短语】enjoy sth. 喜欢某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事enjoy oneself (doing sth.)= have fun (doing sth.) 做某事玩得开心2. lovely adj. 可爱的【拓展】以ly结尾的形容词：Hourly/daily/weekly/monthly/yearlydeadly（致命的） early（早的）orderly（整洁的；有序的；有条理的）friendly（友
4、好的；亲切的）kindly（善良的，亲切的）lonely（孤独的，寂寞的）lovely（可爱的；漂亮的，迷人的） likely（有可能的，大概）lively（有活力的，活泼的；生动的）only（唯一的） slightly（稍微，略微）ugly（丑陋的，难看的）elderly（年纪较大的，上了年纪的。与 old 同义，较委婉）3. 祈使句的用法一、祈使句的分类祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句两大类。(1)第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形X开头。Stand up.Dont
5、worry.但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。Mary clean the windows, and you boys wash the floor! 玛丽擦窗户，你们男孩子洗地板!Come in, everybody! 每个人都进来!有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。You get out of here! 你给我出去!Dont you be late again! 你可别再迟到了!(2) 第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。
6、Lets go! Let us go home!Let him sit down祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。Help!Patience!Quickly!Hands up!二、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式(1)祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。Do be careful!Do give my regards to your parents. 务必/一定代我向你父母问好。(2)祈使句的否定形式通常是在句首加dont或never。Dont you be nervous! 你不要紧张!(3)以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Lets或Let me/us后加n
7、ot。Lets not waste our time arguing about it. 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了。Lets not say anything about it. 这事咱们谁也别说。三、祈使句的反意疑问句(1) 祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。(2) Lets表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“shall we?”。Lets go out for a walk, shall we?Lets hold a birthday party for him, shall we?(3) Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will y
8、ou?”。 Let us go for a walk, will you?(4) 其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表达一种客气的语气。Listen to me, will you?Dont tell anyone about it, will you?但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“won t you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。Have a cup of coffee，won t you?Come in and take a seat, wont you/will you?四、祈使句用于两个重要句型1) “祈使句+ and +表结
9、果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。2) “祈使句+ or (else) +表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or (else)表示“否则；要不然”。试比较：Hurry up and youll catch the train. (If you hurry up, youll catch the train)Hurry up, or youll miss the train(If you dont hurry up, youll miss the train)4. look v. 看 n.看，瞧look（系动词）看起来 后常接形容词作表语It looks beautiful. 它看起来很漂亮。【
10、拓展】：系动词简单分类：表示感官的系动词有：sound, feel, smell, taste, look状态系动词：be变化类系动词：go, get, turn, become, grow, come持续类系动词：keep, stay, remain【短语】look after 照看 look at 看着 look out = be careful 小心 look up 查阅；看得起 look down 向下看；看不起 look back 回顾 look around 环顾四周look forward to sth. / doing sth. 期待某事/做某事【辨析】四个“看”的区别(1)l
11、ook指集中注意力地看，是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；如果跟宾语，要和at连用。Look! Tom is over there. 看！汤姆在那儿。Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。(2)see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见、看到”。【短语】see a doctor 看医生 see a film 看电影（美式表达，一定是去影院看）How many birds can you see in the tree? 你能看到树上有多少只鸟儿？He looked carefully but didnt see anything.他很仔细的
12、看，但是没有看见任何东西。(3)watch强调“专注地看”，有欣赏的意味，常用于看电视、看球赛等。【短语】watch TV watch a match watch a movie（可以是在电视、电脑上看的）Do you watch TV at night? 你晚上看电视吗？(4) read指“阅读”，常用于读书、读报等有文字的东西。【短语】read a book read a newspaper read a magazineI like reading. 我喜欢阅读。【巩固练习】：一、 单项选择1. Tony is a boy. We him very much. A. bad; likes
13、B. polite; likeC. good; enjoysD. bad; like2. . The baby is sleeping. Im sorry.A. Not talkB. Not talkingC. Dont talkD. Dont talking3. Im leaving now. Please you turn off the lights.A. to make sureB. made sureC. make sureD. making sure 4. Im not feeling well today. Maybe I should a doctor.A. seeB. wat
14、chC. lookD. look at 5. ！Can you a bird over there?A. Watch; seeB. Watch out; lookC. Look; seeD. Look out; watch二、 填空：1. I like to newspapers when Im free. （看）2. gives us knowledge. （阅读）3. He will a football match this evening. （看）4. How many birds can you in the tree? （看到）答案：1-5 BCCAC答案：1. read 2. R
15、eading 3. watch 4. see5. 年龄表达法【解析】数词+years old 放在be动词后面做表语。数词-year-old 放在名词前做表语 注：an eight-year-old boyat the age of +数词The little boy is 5 years old.He is a five-year-old boy.The little boy is at the age of five.6. .play 的用法.【短语】play football/basketball/volleyball踢足球/打篮球/打排球(后接球类不用冠词)play the piano
16、/guitar/violin弹钢琴/弹吉他/拉小提琴(后接乐器使用定冠词the)play chess/poker/cards下象棋/玩扑克/打牌play the lead role of.in.在.中扮演主角.play an important role in.在.中起到重要作用play a trick on sb捉弄某人7. let：let sb do sth让某人做某事使役动词后接动词原形做宾补，使役动词：let、have、make等。1) Let“使，让” a) let +宾语+do“让做”，被动语态为be let （to） do。Lets go there, shall we? The
17、y wont let their teacher be treated like that.2) have“使，让”，不用于被动语态。a) have +宾语+do“让做某事”，动作执行者为宾语。 He had the boy say it clearly.b) have +宾语+doing“让做某事”，动作执行者为句子宾语，但动词必须为持续性动词，后面常接时间段。He had her standing in the rain for two hours. c) have +宾语+done“叫、让、请别人做某事”，表动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人。或“遭遇不幸事情”。Ill have m
18、y bike repaired this afternoon. Youd better have your bad tooth pulled out.He had his wallet stolen at the station. d) have +宾语+adj./adv./prep.“使处于某种状态”。Please have your money ready.3) make “使”，有轻微强迫之意。a) make +宾语+do，“迫使某人做某事”，被动语态为be made to do。The boy made the girl cry.The workers were made to wor
19、k late at night.b) make +宾语+doing“使处于某种状态”，并强调动作的主动性。 The story made him feeling sad.c) make +宾语+done“使处于某种状态”，并强调动作的被动性。 Please speak louder to make yourself heard. d) make+宾语+adj./adv./prep./n.“使处于某种状态”。 His illness made him very weak. 8. be good at（doing） sth = do well in（doing） sth 擅长（做）某事【短语】be
20、 good to sb对某人好be good for sth对有好处be weak/poor at doing sth不擅长做某事9. 表示建议的句型【解析】Why not =why dont +代词+V原形?Shall we +V原形?Lets + V原形.Youd better+ V原形Can/Could/Will/Would you please+ V原形?What/How about +V-ing?Would you like + to do sth?【巩固练习】：一、 单项选择1. The heavy snow made the mountain climbers _ on thei
21、r way. (2008 北京朝阳) A. StopB. to stopC. StoppingD. stopped 2. I dont like the milk, but my mother always made me _ it.Your mum is right. Its good for you. (2005 北京西城一模) A. to eatB. eatC. to drinkD. drink 3. The boss had the workers _ the work within two days. A. finishB. finishedC. finishingD. to fin
22、ish 4. What are you going to do tomorrow?I am going to have my bike _. A repair B. to repairC. repairedD. Repairing5. _ come and join us? _ . But I have to meet my uncle at the airport. A Why not to；I think so B. Why not；I hope so C. Why dont; Im very tired D. Why not you; I like it 6. What about go
23、ing swimming with me this afternoon? -_, but I have a lot of homework to do. A. Id love to B. Yes, lets go C. No, I wont. D. It doesnt matter. 7. So hot in the classroom. Would you mind _ the window? No, Ill do it right now. A. to close B. not opening C. closing D. opening 8. Would you mind if I sit
24、 here? _. The seat has already been taken. A.Good idea. B. Better not C. Id love to D. you have to 9. What about going out for a drink？_. A. It sounds good.B. You may, if you likeC. No, I dont mind.D. Youre welcome 10. Could you please give me a hand ? The dictionary is on the top shelf, out of my r
25、each. _. A.It doesnt matter.B. Not at all.C. No problem.D. Its my pleasure11. I like playing_ volleyball while my sister likes playing _piano.A. / / B. the /C. / theD. the / 二、 用所给词的适当形式填空1. Tom is good at_(play)basketball , but Im not.2. Betty does well in_(draw) , so I often learn from her.3. She
26、is too young to go to school because she is a three_(years old )girl.答案：1-5ADACB 6-10ABBAC 11.C答案：1-3 playing drawing year-old10. tooadv. 也;太1) 也。 too, as well, also, either 辨析a) too用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句末,too就相当于as well. too要用逗号隔开，而as well 不需要。My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.=My fat
27、her is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, too.我的爸爸是一位老师，我妈妈也是老师。【拓展】as well as 用法:as well as 用来表示同级比较,指“一样好”.如：He plays the guitar as well as you.他的吉他弹得和你一样好.as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分.当并列主语时,谓语动词与前一项一致.(就远原则)She called on you as well as me(并列宾语) 她不但拜访了我,也拜访了你.She as well as you is an English teacher(并列
28、主语)她像你一样也是英文教师.b) also用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句中，常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.我的爸爸是一位老师，我妈妈也是老师。c) either用于否定句中,置于句末.I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French, either我不会说法语,詹妮也不会.2) 太too + adj. = much too + adj. 太. Much用来加强语气too many + 可数名词复数too much + 不可数名词1
29、1. with的用法【解析】1) 使用 I write with a pen 2) 和 play with sb 和某人一起玩3) 具有，带有 I have a house with a garden 【拓展】with的复合结构1) with或without-名词/代词+形容词 She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+adj.，作伴随状语)2) with或without-名词/代词+副词 With the meal over, we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语） 3
30、) with或without-名词/代词+介词短语The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）4) with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式作条件状语He lay in the dark empty house, with not a man, woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定
31、式，作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5) with或without-名词/代词 +分词She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词 ，作伴随状语） 注：若要否定AB两者用without A or B He lived a lonely life without friends or family.12. 与穿有关的表达：1) wear “穿、穿着、戴着”,强调状态.wear后面接可穿戴的东西,也包括眼镜、首饰等,可用于
32、进行时态.2) put on “穿上、戴上”,指“穿”的动作,反义词为“take off”.3) have on 指“穿”后状态,后可 接衣服、帽子、鞋子等能穿戴的东西,但它不能用于进行式.He has on a blue coat today .今天他穿一件蓝上衣。4) be in表示状态,后接衣服,也可接表颜色的单词.5) dress “给穿衣”。dress sb. 给某人穿衣，dress up 盛装打扮，dress up as 装扮成，be dressed in = wear 穿着13. family n. 1) 作为“家庭”讲是一个整体，可数名词。a family 一个家庭 two f
33、amilies 两个家庭2) 作为“家人”讲，是集合名词，谓语动词用复数。【拓展】：英语集合名词用法分类第一类形式为单数，但意义可以用为单数或复数family，team，class，audience，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义第二类形式为单数，但意义永远为复数cattle people，police, 其用法特点为：只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。第三类形式为复数，意义也为复数goods, clothes，其用法特点是：只有复数形式，但通常不与数词连用。第四类形式为
34、单数，意义也为单数baggage / luggage, clothing, furniture, machinery, poetry, scenery jewelry, equipment, 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。注：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。第五类补充几个常考的集合名词1. mankind 是一个不可数的集合名词，不用复数形式，也不连用冠词。如： Mankind has its own problem
35、s. 2. fruit作为集合名词，它通常是不可数的。如： He doesnt eat much fruit. 但是，当要表示种类时，它可视为可数名词，即a fruit 指一种水果，fruits 指多种水果。比较： Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。 The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜，而不是一种水果。14. all 【辨析】1) all 全，都，代词， 表示三者及三者以上的所有，用于肯定句中。位于be/助动词/情态动词之后。2) none 表示三者及三者以上的都不，表示否定含义。3) bot
36、h 全，都，表示两者之间的都，用于肯定句中。4) neither 表示两者中都不，否定含义【拓展】all的基本用法1) all修饰作主语的名词时,其位置在主语和行为动词之前,但必须放在be动词助动词或情态动词之后当be动词是句子中最后一个词时,all要放在be动词之前;TheyareallEnglishteachers.2) all也可以放在直接宾语或间接宾语之后,但这个宾语必须是us,you等人称代词;Ihaveeatenthemall.3) all指三个或三个以上的人或物“都”,其反义词是none;both指两个人或物“都”,其反义词是neither;Ihavethreebrothers.
37、Allofthemaresportsfans.【注意】不说“all+代词”,应说“代词+all”或“allof+代词”AllofthemlikeEnglishstoriesverymuch.【巩固练习】：一、 用too，either，also，as well填空 1. Making soup is not easy, and being a good chef is not easy, _. 2. He gave me advice and money _. 3. He will go to town tomorrow, I shall _ go. 4. I cant play the pia
38、no. He cant, _. 5. My father likes reading, and I do,_.二、 用表示“穿”的词语填空。1. The boy _black is my brother.2. Its cold outside. _ (穿上) your coat, Jack.三、 根据括号里的提示填空。1. I have a big _(家庭).2. My family often _ ( watch )TV on Friday.3. We are _ good students. ( all, both )答案：1.either 2.as well 3.also 4.eith
39、er 5.too答案： in , Put on答案：family, watch ,all15. something/anthing/someone/everyone 等复合不定代词的用法【解析】不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是： someoneanyoneno onesomebodyanybodynobody somethinganythingnothing 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。1) 因为some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句，no表示完全否定，因此由some, any, no与
40、-one, -body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。 2) 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只用于表示人，它们的形式是单数形式，但有时可以用they或them指代。 * There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking? (你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗？) 3) 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如： * There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it. * He looked at me and didnt say anyt
41、hing. * Nothing can be done to save her life. 4) 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。如： * Somebody important has arrived, Im sure. (important修饰somebody) 5) something等复合不定代词做主语谓语动词用单数Nothing is more important than health.没有什么比健康更重要。 6) something/anything/nothing 等不定代词后面如果有动词，多用to+动词不定式I have something to dri
42、nk.我想要些喝的。【拓展】不定代词some、any的用法区别1) some: 修饰可数名词的复数以及不可数名词，用于肯定句中及征求意见的一般疑问句中I have some flowers. Would you like some flowers? Yes, please. No, thanks.2) any: 修饰可数名词的复数以及不可数名词，用于否定句和一般疑问句中，肯定句中表任何。16. some more food 一些食物two more apples = another two apples 再来两个苹果I will stay another five months. = I wi
43、ll stay five more months.【注意】1) 当其中的数词为one时，我们可以说one more，但一般不用another one。He decided to have one more try. Surely you can put it off one more week. I was wondering if I must ask you one more question. 2) 在意义上该用another one的地方，英语通常只用another。如：Shes going to have another baby. 她又快有孩子了。Its cold I need a
44、nother blanket. 太冷了我再要一条毯子。不过，如果其中的one不是数词，而是代词，则可以用another one。如：This pen doesnt work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了。我该另买一支了。Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了，它给另一辆车撞了。17. there be(is/are/was/were) 句型用法【解析】肯定句：1) there is +可数名词的单数/不可数名词+地点。There is an appl
45、e on the desk.桌上有个苹果。 There is some water in the bowl.碗里有些水。 2) there are+可数名词的复数+地点There are some books on the desk.桌上有些书。3) there be “就近原则”There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌上有一本书和两支笔。There are some pens and a book on the desk.桌上有两本书和一支笔。否定句：There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可，注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于
