1、SERVO系列呼吸机培训2022/10/4 MAQUET 2 MAQUET内容提要 SERVO呼吸机日常使用及维护常用呼吸模式及肺功能参数介绍SERVO呼吸机突出的优势呼吸机突出的优势09-03-25 MAQUET 3MAQUET全球最大的手术室和ICU设备供应商 MAQUET 公司,总部德国医疗系统医疗系统心血管外科心血管外科重症监护重症监护外科工作站外科工作站ECMO(体外膜肺),人造血管(体外膜肺),人造血管SERVO系列呼吸机,麻醉机系列呼吸机,麻醉机手术灯床吊塔手术灯床吊塔SERVO 900系列系列80年代产品 SERVO 300系列系列 90年代中期产品Servo系列呼吸机系列呼吸
2、机 高端呼吸机的典范高端呼吸机的典范瑞典原装进口呼吸机瑞典原装进口呼吸机SERVO-i 系列系列SERVO-s 系列系列Servo系列呼吸机 高端呼吸机的典范Frequency:1002 mlThis mouse is equivalent to a premature of ca.300 gram!这只老鼠相当于这只老鼠相当于300克的早产儿!克的早产儿!Servo系列呼吸机系列呼吸机 高端呼吸机的典范高端呼吸机的典范2022/10/4 MAQUET 8SERVO系列呼吸机突出优势2022/10/4 MAQUET 9简单易用简单易用n全中文操作界面和中文报警提示n关键参数直接控制n软件功能与
3、操作简易性最佳结合SERVO系列呼吸机突出优势系列呼吸机突出优势世界上唯一可以进行内外管路彻底消毒的呼吸机呼出气体模块SERVO系列呼吸机突出优势系列呼吸机突出优势创新的技术 超声流量传感器超声氧传感器,选配功能,可替代氧电池SERVO系列呼吸机突出优势系列呼吸机突出优势n监测更准确,为临床提供精确的信息参考监测更准确,为临床提供精确的信息参考n非耗材,节省使用成本非耗材,节省使用成本 超声流量传感器 特点:采样频率2000次/秒非接触性传感器非耗材,可长期使用好处:测量精确,实时客观;防止因温度、湿度和分泌物 等多因素影响监测数据准确;节省科室成本节省科室成本SERVO系列呼吸机突出优势系列
4、呼吸机突出优势09-03-25 MAQUET 13Servo呼吸机组成显示屏显示屏 主机主机空压机空压机TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that
5、 include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will look crowded The background must not be changed to any other picture It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Ver
6、y long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.The background must not be changed to any other colour09-03-25 MAQUET 14外置式空压机:外置式空压机:TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC09-03-25 MAQUE
7、T 15 Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do
8、not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will look crowded The background must not be changed to any other picture It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations
9、 that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.The background must not be changed to any other colour备用电池备用电池工作时间最长维持工作时间最长维持2 2小时,最短维持小时,最短维持1 1小时小时有外接电源时,自动充电有外接电源时,自动充电只能维持主机工作,不能维持空压只能维持主机工作,不能维持空压机工作机工作09-03-25 MAQUET 16呼出盒:是唯一可以拆卸并彻底消毒内管路的呼出盒,减少交叉感染的机会。TEXT
10、SHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhau
11、sting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will look crowded The background must not be changed to any other picture It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to t
12、he human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.The background must not be changed to any other colour09-03-25 MAQUET 17呼出盒的拆卸呼出盒的拆卸 TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception
13、to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will l
14、ook crowded The background must not be09-03-25 MAQUET 18呼出盒的消毒呼出盒的消毒将呼出盒浸入消毒剂中(70%酒精、2%戊二醛等)或将消毒液灌入呼出盒内,保留40分钟左右TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white
15、background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will look crowded The background must not be changed to any other picture It is an except
16、ion to the standard It can be used in the following c09-03-25 MAQUET 19呼出盒的干燥呼出盒的干燥自然干燥时放置的位置09-03-25 MAQUET 20介绍要点介绍要点12.112.1英寸彩色触摸屏英寸彩色触摸屏主旋钮及快键按键主旋钮及快键按键全中文操作菜单全中文操作菜单所有操作在两层菜单内完成所有操作在两层菜单内完成TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC09-03-25 MAQUET 21 Slides with background image should be used rarely.I
17、t is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the sl
18、ides slides will look crowded The background must not be changed to any other picture It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhaust1.使使 用用 前前 检检 查查TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be u
19、sed rarely.It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictur
20、es on the slides slides will look crowded The background must n09-03-25 MAQUET 22启动呼吸机启动呼吸机09-03-25 MAQUET 23TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white bac
21、kground is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will look crowded The background must not be changed to any other picture It is an exception
22、 to the standard It can be used in the following case开机自检:需要手动操作的三步骤09-03-25 MAQUET 24常用呼吸模式1.控制模式控制模式 容量控制容量控制 Volume Control 压力控制压力控制 Pressure Control 压力调节容量控制压力调节容量控制 Pressure Regulated Volume Control 2.支持模式支持模式 压力支持压力支持 Pressure Support 3.自主呼吸自主呼吸 持续气道正压持续气道正压 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
23、 4.混合模式混合模式 Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation 同步间歇指令通气同步间歇指令通气SIMV(VC)+PS 同步间歇指令通气同步间歇指令通气SIMV(PC)+PS 同步间歇指令通气同步间歇指令通气SIMV(PRVC)+PS呼吸模式呼吸模式 Ventilation Mode09-03-25 MAQUET 26TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception to the
24、standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will look cro
25、wded The background must not be changed to any other picture It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations wh容量控制模式预设潮气量,保证通气效率气道压力可变,在气道阻力增加或肺顺应性降低的情况下容易导致气道压力过高,需要密切观察气道压的变化流速波形为方波,吸气期流速恒定2022/10/4 MAQUET 28容量控制容量控制 Volume Control吸气暂停时间吸气暂停时间占整个呼吸周
26、占整个呼吸周期的百分比期的百分比吸气上升时间:吸气上升时间:从开始吸气至从开始吸气至达到达到峰流速峰流速所所花的时间,这花的时间,这里指占整个呼里指占整个呼吸周期时间的吸周期时间的百分比,百分比,当当I:E和暂停和暂停时间发生改变时间发生改变时,时,Ti随之改随之改变变呼气末正压呼气末正压PEEP作用于整个呼吸周期的持续正压可防止肺泡塌陷,增加FRC,改善气体氧合和交换适用于治疗急性肺水肿,ALI、ARDS等09-03-25 MAQUET 30TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be us
27、ed rarely.It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing picture
28、s on the slides slides will look crowded The background must not be changed to any other picture It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white bac吸气上升时间意义吸气上升时间意义 指呼吸机提供的吸气流速从基线上升到峰值所需的时间 根据患者实际需要调节,理论上吸气驱动越强,吸气上升时间越短;吸气驱动越弱,吸气上升时间越长报警自动设置功能11-
29、06-07 MAQUET 31各项附加设置2022/10/4 MAQUET 33容量控制 Volume Control气道峰压气道峰压平台压平台压平均压平均压呼气末正压呼气末正压吸气时间吸气时间吸呼比吸呼比吸入分钟通气量吸入分钟通气量呼出分钟通气量呼出分钟通气量吸入潮气量吸入潮气量呼出潮气量呼出潮气量气道阻力肺顺应性容量控制波形分析压力控制通气 控制气道峰压,减少肺损伤 流速波形为递减波,比较符合患者的实际需要 在气道阻力或肺顺应性改变的情况下不能保证潮气量对ALI、ARDS等病人适用2022/10/4 MAQUET 36压力控制压力控制 Pressure Control吸气上升时间:吸气上升
30、时间:开始吸气至压力开始吸气至压力达到达到峰压峰压所花的所花的时间,此处指占时间,此处指占整个呼吸周期时整个呼吸周期时间的百分比间的百分比在压控模式下,在压控模式下,不需设置吸气暂不需设置吸气暂停时间停时间吸气时间:当吸气时间:当I:E发生改变时,发生改变时,Ti也随之改变也随之改变PEEP以上的以上的压力控制水平压力控制水平2022/10/4 MAQUET 37压力控制压力控制 Pressure Control1.此时没有平台压,此时没有平台压,因为压力是恒定的因为压力是恒定的Ppeak=PC above PEEP+PEEP 2.可先用可先用VC,获得,获得平台压作为平台压作为PC的压的压力
31、水平力水平潮气量影响因素:潮气量影响因素:1.PC above PEEP2.顺应性、阻力顺应性、阻力3.病人自己的吸气努病人自己的吸气努力力呼吸模式呼吸模式PRVCPRVC目前控制通气模式下的问题容量控制模式 VC气道压力可变,在气道阻力增加或肺顺应性降低的情况下容易导致气道压力过高流速波形为方波或递增波,病人感觉不适压力控制模式 PC气道峰压固定,在气道阻力或肺顺应性改变的情况下不能保证潮气量为达到目标潮气量,需要经常调整压力水平,增加工作量2022-10-4 MAQUET 39PRVCPRVC优势整合优势整合容量控制容量控制 VCVC预设潮气量,保证预设潮气量,保证通气效率通气效率压力控制
32、压力控制 PCPC控制气道峰压,减控制气道峰压,减少肺损伤少肺损伤PRVCPRVC模式集合了两种通气模式的优点模式集合了两种通气模式的优点呼吸模式呼吸模式PRVCPRVCPRVC是Servo系列呼吸机首创的通气模式Servo i和Servo s都可以完美展现PRVC的优势2022/10/4 MAQUET 41OH 5:008压力调节容量控制压力调节容量控制 Pressure Regulated Volume ControlPRVC刘靖 2005 8 162022/10/4 MAQUET 42刘靖 2005 8 16压力调节容量控制压力调节容量控制(Pressure Regulated Volu
33、me Control)PRVC2022-10-4 MAQUET 43PRVCPRVC原理原理第一次呼吸为目标潮气量的容量控制呼吸,暂停时间为第一次呼吸为目标潮气量的容量控制呼吸,暂停时间为10%10%,以暂停期的压力,以暂停期的压力即平台压为第二次呼吸的压力值即平台压为第二次呼吸的压力值每次呼吸间调节压力值以保证以最低的气道压力输送目标潮气量每次呼吸间调节压力值以保证以最低的气道压力输送目标潮气量最大压力值为预设压力报警下最大压力值为预设压力报警下5cm H2O5cm H2O,并报警,并报警“压力调节受限压力调节受限”2022-10-4 MAQUET 44PRVCPRVC Servo Serv
34、o呼吸机呼吸机PRVCPRVC模式的临床优势模式的临床优势迅速准确的压力调节,最多迅速准确的压力调节,最多3 3次呼吸即可完成目标潮次呼吸即可完成目标潮气量的准确输送气量的准确输送始终在安全的气道压力范围内进行通气,最大程度的始终在安全的气道压力范围内进行通气,最大程度的减少肺损伤减少肺损伤动态监测气道阻力及顺应性的改变,精准调节压力,动态监测气道阻力及顺应性的改变,精准调节压力,保证通气效率保证通气效率吸气流速为递减波,让病人更加舒适,提供更好的人吸气流速为递减波,让病人更加舒适,提供更好的人机关系机关系压力支持模式PS在吸气相提供压力支持所有呼吸必须由患者触发适用于自主呼吸稳定为减轻呼吸功
35、或过渡脱机的患者注意后备通气的设置,以保证安全2022/10/4 MAQUET 46压力支持压力支持 Pressure Support后备通气为压后备通气为压控模式,此时控模式,此时压力设置建议压力设置建议高高1-2CMH2O吸气中止:设置吸气中止:设置5%表示当吸气表示当吸气流速下降到峰流流速下降到峰流速的速的5%时,停时,停止吸气,由吸气止吸气,由吸气转为呼气,也称转为呼气,也称为为呼气触发灵敏呼气触发灵敏度度吸气触发灵敏吸气触发灵敏度,度,分压力触分压力触发和流量触发发和流量触发PEEP以上的以上的压力支持水平压力支持水平无需设置呼吸无需设置呼吸频率频率按报警设置键,设置按报警设置键,设
36、置“呼吸暂停时间呼吸暂停时间”呼吸暂停时间的设置呼吸暂停时间的设置 范围范围:成人成人 15 45 s 15 45 s 默认默认 20s20s 新生儿新生儿 5-45s 5-45s 默认默认 10s10s压力支持PSOH 5:015波形与压力控制模式类似,波形与压力控制模式类似,压力都是恒定的压力都是恒定的Ppeak=PS above PEEP+PEEP每次通气都由病人自己每次通气都由病人自己触发,用触发,用粉红色线粉红色线表示表示无需设置呼吸频率无需设置呼吸频率Trigger流速触发:同步性好,灵敏度高压力触发:同步性差,灵敏度低触发触发 (Trigger)(Trigger)病人触发呼吸机病
37、人触发呼吸机送气送气设置原则:在不引起误触发的前提下,越灵敏越好设置原则:在不引起误触发的前提下,越灵敏越好BACKGROUND-IMAGE CCSlides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception to the standardIt can be used in the following caseVery long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure te
38、xt slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will look crowdedThe background must not be changed to any other pictureIt is an exception to the standardIt can be used in the following caseVery long presentations
39、 white bac09-03-25 MAQUET 51压力触发设置压力触发设置 单位:cm H2O 绝对值越大,触发灵敏度越低 设置为相对值,非绝对值(考虑PEEP)Servo呼吸机采用持续气流触发方式 Bias flow:成人2L/min小儿0.5L/min 吸入端和呼出端均有传感器,准确感知管路内气流的变化流量触发流量触发09-03-25 MAQUET 53TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception to the stand
40、ard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will look crowded
41、The background must not be changed to any other picture It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white bac 概念:基础流速概念:基础流速*1010 默认值:默认值:5 5 范围:范围:0 01010 在红色的区域,病人仅需吸入在红色的区域,病人仅需吸入 极少的气体就可以触发,有自极少的气体就可以触发,有自 触发的危险。触发的危险。流量触发流量触发 Flow TriggeringFl
42、ow Triggering2022/10/4 MAQUET 54流量触发 Flow Triggering 概念:持续气流的概念:持续气流的*10 默认值:默认值:5 调节范围:调节范围:010 持续气流持续气流:成人 2 L/min 儿童 0.5L/min 2l/min2l/min病人吸入病人吸入0.6l/min(2x30%)1.4l/min(2x70%)Golden MomentsTM无效触发 触发灵敏度的设置 触发类型 内源性PEEP(使用外源性PEEP平衡)压力支持过度双触发 吸气峰流速过低 吸气潮气量过小 呼气切换过早 Because Imvery very hungry!误触发 触发
43、过于灵敏 气道内形成痰液 管路中积水 管路漏气 心脏震动2022/10/4 MAQUET 58吸气终止吸气终止 Inspiratory Cycle Off呼气触发灵敏度呼气触发灵敏度Inspiratory Cycle off 吸气终止:吸气终止:指在自主呼吸和支持通气模式下,由吸气转为呼气的转折点。以峰流速的表示指在自主呼吸和支持通气模式下,由吸气转为呼气的转折点。以峰流速的表示范围:范围:1-70%可调可调 默认默认:30%Golden MomentsTM呼吸机上的吸呼气切换 在控制模式下采用时间切换 支持模式中,一般采用流速切换 方式,当气道流速下降到峰流速 的一定百分比后切换为呼气提早切
44、换提早切换:引起吸气末流速紊乱及双触发引起吸气末流速紊乱及双触发延迟切换延迟切换:引起呼气肌活动及吸气末压力超射引起呼气肌活动及吸气末压力超射漏气:可致吸气流速下降缓慢,达不到预设切换标准漏气:可致吸气流速下降缓慢,达不到预设切换标准如何判断设置是否合理自主模式CPAP 完全由患者完成自主呼吸,呼吸机提供持续正压 适用于自主呼吸稳定过渡脱机的患者持续气道正压通气 CPAP 将压力支持水将压力支持水平设为平设为0,则,则由由PS变成了变成了CPAP同样需要设置同样需要设置后备通气后备通气2022/10/4 MAQUET 63 气道中维持一个连续的正压。恰当地设置 PEEP可防止气道异常塌陷。在病
45、人尝试时开始吸气。开始呼气的情况 与压力支持模式相同。如果达到呼吸暂停的报警极限,呼吸机将自动切换至后备模式。成人少用,婴儿,成人少用,婴儿,nasal CPAP自主呼吸模式自主呼吸模式-CPAP呼吸模式和功能 -混合模式混合模式 同步间歇指令通气SIMV(VC)+PS 同步间歇指令通气SIMV(PC)+PS 同步间歇指令通气SIMV(PRVC)+PSServo 混合模式SIMV保证患者最低通气要求的同时允许患者自主呼吸合理使用可以锻炼患者呼吸能力,促进脱机自主呼吸易与呼吸机协调,减少对镇静剂的需要适用于有一定自主呼吸能力或准备过渡脱机的患者呼吸模式探讨呼吸模式探讨OH 5:023SIMV(V
46、C)+PS模式参数设置控制通气相控制通气相关参数关参数支持通气相支持通气相关参数关参数SIMV频率,每频率,每个个SIMV周期含周期含控制通气和支持控制通气和支持通气通气呼吸周期时间:呼吸周期时间:指一次控制通气指一次控制通气所花的时间所花的时间SIMV模式详解OH 5:030SIMVSIMV模式详解模式详解触发窗:呼吸周触发窗:呼吸周期的前期的前90%时间时间这个这个90%为机器为机器默认值,不需要默认值,不需要设置设置第第1个个SIMV周期周期第第2个个SIMV周期周期09-03-25 MAQUET 69肺功能监测09-03-25 MAQUET 70Servo s可以通过选配升级支持肺功能
47、监测Servo i标配全套肺功能监测09-03-25 MAQUET 71总总PEEP09-03-25 MAQUET 72TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exception to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentati
48、ons that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will look crowded The background must 总总PEEPPEEP内源性PEEP(PEEPi)=总PEEP-外源性PEEP注意点:尽可能抑制患者自主呼吸 建议将外源性PEEP设定为零内源性PEEP概念概念 intrinsic positive end-
49、expiratory pressure,PEEPi 是指在没有用呼吸机预设PEEP的情况下,肺泡压力在呼气末从而也在整 个呼气 过程保持正压。临床上产生内源性临床上产生内源性PEEP的原因的原因 1 气流阻力增加(和呼气流速受限)2 呼气时间缩短,如反比通气和浅快自主呼吸 3 吸气后呼气肌的兴奋性增高 09-03-25 MAQUET 74评价内源性PEEP09-03-25 MAQUET 75TEXTSHEET WITH BACKGROUND-IMAGE CC Slides with background image should be used rarely.It is an exceptio
50、n to the standard It can be used in the following case Very long presentations white background is exhausting to the human eye.Presentations that include pure text slides only white background is exhausting to the human eye.Do not use this slide layout when placing pictures on the slides slides will