1、 Narrationnarration叙述文叙述文description描写文描写文exposition说明文说明文argumentation议论文议论文 What is narration?At its simplest,narration is the telling of a story,which involves characters and ongoing actions.To narrate is to give an account of what happened or is happening.It attempts to recreate events so that t
2、he reader may vicariously(替代地替代地)share the experience Literary narrative is usually fictitious,found abundantly in literary creations such as anecdotes,tales and fables,romances,short stories,novels,and stories in verse.Expository narrative is the factual account of events,including history,biograph
3、y,travels,news reports and journals.The ways to narrate in sequence of time顺叙顺叙 flashback倒叙倒叙 narration interspersed with flashbacks插叙插叙 narration interspersed with comment）夹叙夹叙夹议夹议The elements of a narrativeSettingPlotAtmosphere ConflictPoint of View Characterization1.1 Setting 背景背景 The time and pl
4、ace in which the events of a story take place.Cultural,social,physical context of a story.2.Plot 情节情节 the sequence of events that take place in a story 3 Characterization 人物的刻画人物的刻画 The methods used to present the personality of a character in a narrative.Direct-the author describes the character.In
5、direct-the reader judges what the character is like based on what they say or do,or what other characters say about them.4 Atmosphere 气氛气氛The general mood or feeling established in a piece of literature.Atmosphere is created through word choice and pacing.5 Conflict the central problem that drives t
6、he action of a story.Two main types Internal-the conflict happens in a characters mind External-the conflict happens between characters,or between a character and some outside force.6 Point of View 视角视角 Who is narrating the story Two main types First person-the narrator use“I”to tell the action,and
7、is involved in the story Third person-the story is told from a perspective outside the story.The characters are referred to by name,or as he,she or they What should you consider when planning a narrative?TextPoint of view 视角Theme 主题Setting 背景背景Foreshadowing伏笔Symbol 象征Plot 情节情节Order 顺序Step1.Context A
8、t the beginning of a narrative,make clear:When Where Who Provide the reader with context to help him the whole narrativeStep2.Purpose There must be a purpose in telling a story -to prove a theory-to illustrate the concept -to praise a virtue-to condemn a vice,etcStep3.Seletion of details A narrative
9、 is made up of details Providing enough and only relevant details or things that contribute the bringing out the main of the narrative Step4.Ognization Chronological order In the order in which things occur Flashback To arouse readers interest Step5.Outline A beginning The setting A middle The body tells the story itself An end Thank You!
