1、第二部分语篇攻坚专题十三完形填空-3-20152019天津高考完形填空考点统计-4-从20152019年天津高考完形填空题的考点统计来看,选项设计基本上是实词,其中动词和名词占比重最多,尤其是2019年天津卷,完形填空的选项全部为实词,其中名词占4个,动词(短语)占9个,形容词4个,副词1个。动词和名词占了65%。所以,完形填空的考查重点不在语法结构上,而在词汇意义上。完形填空是高考试卷中得分率相对较低的一个题型。该题型重点考查考生三方面的能力:-5-一、对文章的大意归纳和具体语境的联想能力。考生面对的是一篇被挖掉20个词(组)的“残缺不全”的文章,结合所提供的备选答案通过联想、分析和判断,准
2、确地勾勒出故事发生的场景,即文章提供的语境是解题的关键。二、对考纲常用词汇的词义掌握能力。该题型实际就是要求考生从四个选项中选出一个适合文章语境的词汇,从而使文章合乎逻辑、表达准确。考生只有准确地记住各选项的含义,才能进行比较与正确地选择。三、从文章中寻找暗示的能力。每个答案的选择都不是盲目进行的,考生需要根据上下文所提供的暗示和线索,通过逻辑分析和判断,确定适合题目的最佳选项。综上所述,完形填空能力的提高不仅需要足够的词汇量来支撑,还必须配以适量的练习积累解题的技巧和方法。-6-考查方向高考完形填空题的选材以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,说明文和议论文的出现频率较低。无论哪种题材的文章,在阅读选词
3、时,考生都不能忽视下面几个技巧:1.重视首句。文章第一句一般不设空,所以应该充分利用首句所提供的信息推测文章大意。2.留意暗示。大部分的题目都能从上下文中找到选择的依据或者暗示。考生在阅读时切忌走马观花,务必关注细节,留意提示。3.预判答案。考生在平时训练的过程中应该培养一种预判答案的能力,也就是根据上文的逻辑主动思维,在看选项前提前判断后面的题目可能的答案。-7-经典例题(2018天津卷)No one is born a winner.People make themselves into winners by their own 1.I learned this lesson from a
4、(n)2 many years ago.I took the head 3 job at a school in Baxley,Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.-8-It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the 4 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach,and they didnt even practice to 5 the game.Bein
5、g the coach of the new team,I was excited because I knew we were going to win,but to my disappointment we were defeated.I couldnt 6 I had got into such a situation.Thinking hard about it,I came to 7 that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia,but they were 8 me.I had to change my 9 abou
6、t their ability and potential.I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 10.Most important,I began to treat them like 11.That summer,when the other teams enjoyed their 12,we met every day and 13 passing and kicking the football.-9-Six months after suffering our 14 on the spring pra
7、ctice field,we won our first game and our second,and continued to 15.Finally,we faced the number one team in the state.I felt that it would be a 16 for us even if we lost the game.But that wasnt what happened.My boys beat the best team in Georgia,giving me one of the greatest 17 of my life!From the
8、experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 18 the members of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers,I pushed and 19 them.I helped them to see themselves 20,and they built themselves into winners.Winners are made,not born.-10-1.A.luckB.testsC.effortsD.nature2.A.experiment
9、 B.experienceC.visitD.show3.A.operatingB.editingC.consultingD.coaching4.A.successfulB.excellentC.strongD.new5.A.cheer forB.prepare forC.help withD.finish with6.A.believeB.agreeC.describeD.regret7.A.realizeB.claimC.permitD.demand8.A.reacting to B.looking forC.depending on D.caring about9.A.decisionB.
10、attitudeC.conclusionD.intention10.A.prideB.cultureC.fortune D.relationship-11-11.A.leadersB.partnersC.winnersD.learners12.A.rewardsB.vacationsC.healthD.honor13.A.riskedB.missedC.consideredD.practiced14.A.defeatB.declineC.accidentD.mistake15.A.relaxB.improveC.expandD.defend16.A.shameB.burdenC.victory
11、D.favor17.A.chancesB.thrillsC.concernsD.offers18.A.surpriseB.serveC.interestD.affect19.A.encouragedB.observedC.protectedD.impressed20.A.honestlyB.individuallyC.calmlyD.differently-12-语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者带领的学校足球队输给了一支没有教练、毫无准备的足球队。他反思之后,采取信任和鼓励的教学方式,带领他的球队取得了一次又一次的胜利,因此得出了结论:胜利者不是天生的。而是后天努力造就的。-13-思路点拨完形填
12、空的解题思路一般从三个方面考虑:直接暗示、间接推理和常识判断。也就是说,有些题目能从上下文直接找到明显的词句暗示,有些必须通过语段或全文的逻辑分析推理才能断定,有的题目则需要根据生活常识和经验得出答案。1.C【间接推理】根据“No one is born a winner.”推断胜利者都是通过自己的“努力”造就的。effort“努力”;test“考验,验证”;nature“自然,天性”;luck“运气”。故选C项。2.B【间接推理】纵观全文可以看出,文章讲的是作者很多年前的一段经历,故选experience。experiment“实验”;visit“参观,拜访”;show“表演,展示”。-14
13、-3.D【直接暗示】根据第三段中的“Being the coach of the new team.”可知,作者接受了一份教练的工作,故选D项。operate“操作”;edit“编辑”;consult“咨询”;coach“教练”。4.D【间接推理】根据第三段句首的old team 和play against推断,应该是old team和new team 对阵,故选D项。successful“成功的”;excellent“优秀的”;strong“强壮的”;new“新的”。5.B【间接推理】从空白处前面的“The old team had no coach.”和后句的“I knew we were
14、 going to win.”可以推断the old team甚至没有为比赛做准备。故选B项。cheer for“为欢呼”;prepare for“为做准备”;help with“帮助”;finish with“完成”。-15-6.A【间接推理】从上句“.I knew were going to win,but to my disappointment we were defeated.”可以推知作者无法“相信”失败这一事实。故选A项。believe“相信”;agree“同意”;describe“描述”;regret“后悔,遗憾”。7.A【间接推理】根据该句前半部分的Thinking hard
15、 about it可以推知,作者在认真考虑之后,“开始意识到”他的球队也许不是佐治亚州最好的球队(之前他过于自信了),故选A项,come to realize意为“开始意识到;逐渐意识到”。claim“声明,要求”;permit“允许”;demand“要求”。8.C【常识判断】因为作者是球队的教练,根据常识不难判断,球队的成长和获胜“依靠”他的指导,故选C项。depend on“依靠,信赖”;react to“对做出反应”;look for“寻找”;care about“关心,担心”。-16-9.B【间接推理】从第三段中的I was excited 和to my disappointment可
16、知,作者经历了从盲目乐观到非常失望的心理历程,球队队员也应该陷入了失败后的低迷状态。因此,反思之后,作者应该会改变他对队员能力和潜力的认知和态度。故选B项。decision“决定”;attitude“态度”;conclusion“结论”;intention“打算,意图”。10.A【常识判断】根据常识可以判断,遭遇失败的队员最需要的是重新建立自信和自尊。故选pride(自豪,自尊心)。culture“文化”;fortune“运气,财富”;relationship“关系”。11.C【间接推理】从倒数第二段中的Instead of seeing my boys as losers可以推知,作者开始把
17、他的队员当作胜利者对待,故选C项。leader“领导人,领袖”;partner“伙伴;搭档”;winner“胜利者;赢家”;learner“学习者;学员”。-17-12.B【间接推理】此处作者将他的球队跟其他球队做了对比。根据“.we met every day.and kicking the football.”可以推知,他的球队在训练,而别的球队队员正在享受着假期,enjoy ones vacation“享受假期;度假”。reward“回报”;health“健康”;honour“荣誉”。13.D【常识判断】根据常识可知,passing and kicking the football(传球
18、和踢球)是足球的训练内容。risk“冒险”;miss“想念;错过”;consider“考虑,认为”;practice“练习,实践”。14.A【直接暗示】该处指作者初任该队教练时的那次比赛失利,第三段中提到 to my disappointment we were defeated,所以选A项。defeat“战败”;decline“下降;衰退”;accident“意外事故”;mistake“错误”。-18-15.B【间接推理】从该句上半句的we won our first game and our second 和该段倒数第二句My boys beat the best team in Geor
19、gia可以推知,作者带的球队一直在提高,所以improve(改善,提高)符合句意。relax“放松”;expand“扩张”;defend“保卫;防御”。16.C【间接推理】上文提到作者将队员们当作胜者看待,并且队员们一直在获胜、提高,况且这次他们面对的是州排名第一的球队,由此推知,作者表示即使这次比赛失败了,虽败犹荣。故选C项。shame“羞愧,遗憾”;burden“负担”;victory“胜利”;favor“支持,帮忙”。17.B【常识判断】根据生活常识可以判断,队员们战胜了州排名第一的球队,这应该成为作者教练生涯中最激动人心的经历之一。故选B项。chance“机会”;thrill“令人激动
20、的事情”;concern“关心,担忧”;offer“出价,提供”。-19-18.D【间接推理】回顾上文内容可知,作者作为教练改变了态度以后,带领他的球队由弱到强,直至全州第一。作者从这段经历中悟出:教练的态度对球队成员的影响是多么大。故选D项。surprise“使惊讶”;serve“服务”;interest“使感兴趣”;affect“影响”。19.A【间接推理】从第四段第一句的help them build a little pride和空白处前的pushed可以判断,作者一直在鼓励他的队员,故选A项。observe“观察,遵守,庆祝”;protect“保护”;impress“给留下印象”;e
21、ncourage“鼓励”。20.D【间接推理】纵观全文,作者在他的球队比赛失利时,他把队员们看作winner,而不是loser,因此,他帮助球员们改变了他们对自己的看法(see themselves differently),从而建立了自信,走向了胜利。故选D项。differently“不同地”;honestly“诚实地”;individually“个体地”;calmly“冷静地”。-20-Passage 1(2019江苏卷)Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.There are species(物种)that are
22、1 every day.The white-naped crane is a typical example.So scientists are trying their best to 2 the species from going out of existence.Chris and Tim work at a zoo,helping endangered cranes with their 3.Emma,a female crane,has been in their 4 since she arrived in 2004.-21-Born at an international cr
23、ane foundation,Emma was 5 by human caretakers.This led to an unexpected 6,though she had a wonderful time there.Emma had 7 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.She 8 to live with male cranes,and even had a 9 for killing some of them,which made it 10 for her to become a mothe
24、r.11,the two zookeepers didnt want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species.With their patience and efforts,they successfully developed a 12 of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction.This 13 Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.-22-The two keepers are proud of their productive
25、work.But before they can be 14,more efforts must be made,because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 15,and many other species appear headed toward extinction.16,not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts,feelings,and most importantly,equal rights to survive.How can we 17 the
26、 ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals?Chris and Tim offered us the 18:human beings took it for granted that their 19 held all the solutions,but maybe their hearts can be a better 20.-23-1.A.growing B.migratingC.competingD.disappearing2.A.banB.saveC.splitD.remove3.A.abortionB.recrea
27、tionC.reproduction D.administration4.A.careB.eyeC.mindD.story5.A.foundB.chosenC.raisedD.seized6.A.bonusB.consequence C.victoryD.sacrifice7.A.neverB.alwaysC.unluckilyD.cheerfully8.A.likedB.refusedC.decidedD.hesitated9.A.giftB.skillC.concernD.reputation10.A.illegalB.inspiringC.importantD.impossible-24
28、-11.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Instead12.A.combinationB.collectionC.strategyD.system13.A.forcedB.forbadeC.taughtD.enabled14.A.defeatedB.gratefulC.assuredD.tolerant15.A.listB.riseC.agendaD.decline16.A.In contrastB.After allC.By the wayD.On the contrary17.A.leaveB.bridgeC.openD.identify18.A.cours
29、eB.excuseC.answerD.reward19.A.brainsB.behaviorsC.servicesD.projects20.A.guideB.treatC.exampleD.companion-25-【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一只雌丹顶鹤从小被人类喂养长大,她拒绝与雄丹顶鹤生活在一起。为了让她担负起繁育后代的重任,动物园的两位管理员绞尽脑汁,最终成功地让她诞下五只小丹顶鹤。两位动物管理员为拯救濒临灭绝的野生动物丹顶鹤做出了巨大的努力。1.D解析:根据第一句的句意以及其中的threatened一词可知,此处选择D项,表示“每天都有物种在消失”。2.B解析:根据上文内容以及
30、下文讲述的故事可知,此处选择save表示“拯救这些物种,使它们不会消失”。3.C解析:根据下文内容可知,帮助这种濒危的丹顶鹤繁殖后代是该动物园工作人员的重要使命。下文也出现了reproduction一词。-26-4.A解析:根据句意并结合下文内容可知,这只叫做Emma的雌丹顶鹤自2004年以来一直在他们的照顾之下。5.C解析:根据上文的“Born at an international crane foundation”可知,这只雌丹顶鹤是被人类的管理员饲养长大的。6.B解析:根据上下文内容,尤其是下文的“though she had a wonderful time there”可知,丹顶鹤
31、Emma被人类饲养长大,导致了一个意想不到的后果。7.A解析:根据下文的“become deeply attached to humans”可知,丹顶鹤Emma从来没有把自己当成是一只鹤,她深深地迷恋人类。8.B解析:根据上文内容可知,由于Emma误把自己当成了人类中的一员,她拒绝与雄丹顶鹤生活在一起。9.D解析:根据上下文语境可知,这只拒绝与雄丹顶鹤一起生活的雌丹顶鹤甚至因杀死了一些雄丹顶鹤而闻名。have a reputation for“以闻名”。have a gift for“有天赋”。-27-10.D解析:根据上文内容可知,误把自己当成了人类中的一员的Emma,拒绝与雄丹顶鹤生活在一
32、起,甚至杀死雄丹顶鹤,自然,她不可能当妈妈,生育后代。11.C解析:根据上文内容可知,让濒危的丹顶鹤繁殖后代的任务非常艰巨,然而,两位动物管理员没有放弃努力和信心。12.A解析:根据下文内容可知,两位动物管理员采用人工繁殖与自然繁殖相结合的方式,使Emma成功地当上了妈妈。13.D解析:根据上文内容可知,此处表示“使得Emma能够生下五只小丹顶鹤”,不是强迫、禁止和教导。enable“使能够”符合语境。14.C解析:根据语境可知,保护野生动物的前景不容乐观,在他们放心之前,还需要做很多的努力。-28-15.D解析:根据下文的“headed toward extinction”可知,野生丹顶鹤的
33、数量还在不断下降,前景堪忧。on the decline“在逐渐下降”,符合语境。16.B解析:很多野生动物濒临灭绝;毕竟,不是所有人都能意识到野生动物有思想、有情感,最重要的是,有平等的生存权。in contrast“相反”;after all“毕竟”;by the way“顺便说一句”;on the contrary“正相反”。17.B解析:根据语境可知,如何弥合人类与其他动物之间不断扩大的鸿沟是一个艰巨的任务,需要我们共同面对。bridge在此处为动词,意为“弥合;消除”。-29-18.C解析:根据上文的问题以及两位动物管理员的成功做法可知,他们二位给出了我们答案。19.A解析:根据下文
34、出现的their hearts可知,此处表示“人类想当然地以为他们的头脑里有所有的解决方案”。20.A解析:根据所在句子的句意以及全文内容可知,在解决问题的过程中,大脑固然重要,但是全心全意地投入可能更能引导我们找到解决问题的方法。-30-Passage 2(2018天津卷春)Years of living with a lisp(口齿不清)had taught me it was better not to say anything than to speak and risk embarrassment.As a result of my 1,I felt distanced from m
35、ost of my peers(同龄人).“Kathy?Oh,shes quiet.”Thats what most people would say when they 2 me,as if“Quiet”were part of my 3.I was okay with that.I didnt need to be 4.Last September,however,that all 5.I started my creative writing class with Ms.Haist.Every day we would be given a different writing task
36、and,if we wished,we could 6 what we had written.I 7 listening to others read their work and thinking:“That will never be me.Ill never have the 8 to do that.”-31-One day,I was really 9 with what I had written and wanted to share.My heart was beating wildly as I raised my hand.Those 10 little voices w
37、ere ringing in my ear,“You have a lisp,remember?11,your writing isnt that good.Be quiet.”I was about to 12 my hand when I met Ms.Haists encouraging eyes.I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice 13.I could hear it 14 as I read,and I could hear every stutter(结巴)and mistake.I finished reading,
38、waiting to be laughed at.15,I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms.Haist.-32-The next day,I did it 16.Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day.Gradually,I realized that 17 my lisp,the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing.Now I may still not be the most 18,social person,bu
39、t Ive become better at oral presentations.I 19 read my poetry out loud at a reading club.Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet,I think of all the encouragement I received in class and I know that I 20 to be heard.-33-1.A.embarrassmentB.excitementC.humorD.silence2.A.heard fromB.ta
40、lked ofC.called onD.looked for3.A.nameB.opinionC.dutyD.business4.A.seenB.heardC.followedD.protected5.A.disappearedB.returnedC.developedD.changed6.A.examineB.practiceC.shareD.copy7.A.regretB.considerC.imagineD.remember8.A.timeB.courageC.patienceD.evidence9.A.busyB.strictC.pleasedD.disappointed10.A.ti
41、redB.urgentC.funnyD.cheerful-34-11.A.BesidesB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Normally12.A.touchB.waveC.extendD.withdraw13.A.go downB.die awayC.come outD.calm down14.A.shakingB.singingC.shoutingD.deepening15.A.SadlyB.HopefullyC.HonestlyD.Unexpectedly16.A.againB.aloneC.alreadyD.anyway17.A.thanks to B.instead o
42、fC.despiteD.except18.A.seriousB.outgoingC.nervousD.hardworking19.A.evenB.stillC.onlyD.seldom20.A.fearB.agreeC.deserveD.pretend-35-【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者口齿不清,很少在课堂上发言,但在老师和同学们的鼓励下,她成功克服心理障碍,并变得开朗起来。1.D解析:由下文的信息词quiet可知答案为D项。2.B解析:由上文的话可知,此处表达当他们说起“我”时。talk of“谈到,说到”。3.A解析:此处表示“人们总是把我的名字和沉默寡言联系在一起”。4.B解析:由
43、下文她在课堂上读自己的作文,在读书俱乐部读自己写的诗,并结合文章最后的to be heard可知选B项。5.D解析:由设空前表转折意义的词however及下文的叙述可知,一切都改变了。-36-6.C解析:由下文作者听其他同学读他们的作文,并结合下段第一句中的wanted to share可判断此处应填“share”。7.D解析:此处在回忆之前的情景,故选D项。8.B解析:作者由于口齿不清所以没有勇气站起来读自己的作文。9.C解析:作者对自己写的东西很满意,所以才会想要去分享。be pleased with“对满意”;be busy with“忙于”;be strict with“对要求严格”;
44、be disappointed with“对失望”。10.B解析:结合13空前的内容及最后一段开头的“Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet.”可知urgent(急切的)符合语境。-37-11.A解析:前文说自己口齿不清,后文又说自己作文写得并不好。前后为递进关系,故选A项。besides“此外,而且”;otherwise“否则,要不然”;therefore“因此,所以”;normally“正常地,通常地”。12.D解析:在“我”想到自己的不足后,想要把举起的手放下。withdraw“抽回(手、手臂、手指等)”,符合语
45、境。13.C解析:此处与前面的I swallowed the voices down对应,故选C项。14.A解析:由下文的“I could hear every stutter and mistake”可知,自己的声音应该是“颤抖的(shaking)”。15.D解析:上文说自己在等着被嘲笑,下文又说等来的是同学们的掌声和老师的表扬,这是自己没有想到的。unexpectedly“出乎意料地”;sadly“不幸地”;hopefully“有希望地”;honestly“诚实地”。-38-16.A解析:下文提到以后“我”几乎每天都会大声地朗读,所以说第二天“我”再次像前一天一样大胆地在大家面前读作文。a
46、lone“独自”;already“已经”;anyway“无论如何”。17.C解析:此处表示让步,故选C项。despite“尽管”;thanks to“多亏,幸亏”;instead of“代替,而不是”;except“除之外”。18.B解析:根据下文的social person可知,此处应意为“开朗的,外向的(outgoing)”。19.A解析:此处表示递进,故选副词“even(甚至)”。still“依然,仍然”;only“仅仅”;seldom“很少”。20.C解析:“我”有了信心,所以“我”认为自己的声音值得(deserve)被大家听到。-39-Passage 3(2018全国卷)During
47、 my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a“free”course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I 1 the idea of taking the class because,after all,who doesnt want to 2 a few dollars?More than that,Id always wanted to learn chess.And,even if I werent 3
48、enough about free credits,news about our 4 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which 5 I would be learning from one of the games 6.I could hardly wait to 7 him.-40-Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this 8 was no game for him;he mean
49、t business.In his introduction,he made it 9 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 10 the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 11 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,12,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 13 and learned life le
50、ssons that have served me well beyond the 14.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im still putting to use what he 15 me:“The absolute most important 16 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 17.On every single move you have to 18 a situation,process what your opponent(对手)is doi
