1、病毒主题医学知识病毒（virus）2特性特性病毒病毒细菌细菌真菌真菌滤菌器滤菌器+-结结 构构非细胞非细胞原核细胞原核细胞真核细胞真核细胞细胞壁细胞壁-+核酸类型核酸类型DNA或或RNADNARNADNARNA人工培养人工培养-+增殖方式增殖方式复制复制二分裂二分裂有性或无性有性或无性抗生素抗生素-+干扰素干扰素+-3形态45678HIV9Bacteriophage T410结构11核心功能功能 病毒核酸的特性：病毒核酸的特性：12病毒衣壳13按壳粒排列方式的对称型14病毒包膜15包膜特性与功能16病毒复制17dsDNA病毒复制示意图18+ssRNA病毒复制示意图19+ssRNA逆转录病毒复制
2、示意图20吸附21穿入22脱壳23生物合成24装配25释放26病毒增殖异常形成包涵体形成包涵体 某些病毒在宿主细胞内增殖，其细胞质或细胞核某些病毒在宿主细胞内增殖，其细胞质或细胞核内会出现一种光学显微镜下可见的斑块结构，称包涵内会出现一种光学显微镜下可见的斑块结构，称包涵体。它是病毒在细胞内增殖的场所体。它是病毒在细胞内增殖的场所27顿挫感染28缺陷病毒29干扰现象30理化因素对病毒的影响31物理因素32化学因素3334病毒与其他微生物的比较35小结3614.Techniques used to Study VirusesEmbryonated eggs used to propagate v
3、iruses in the early decades of this century.Effective for the isolation&culture of many viruses e.g.influenza.3715.Cell Culture methods3816.Quantifying viruses.3917.Other practical approaches40Replication 14.Exit412.Big fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite them;and little fleas have less
4、er fleas and so ad infinitum.423.Prions43ve RNA-ve RNApolProteins-ve RNA+ve RNARI44Genomes 14Ambisense Genomes45Genomes 15.Segmented/multipartite.segmentedMultipartite,DNA as well46Genomes 16.DNA.+RF-strand transcribed to make mRNAand then proteins +ve strand nickedextended in rolling circle+Specifi
5、cally cleavedAnd recircularised47Genomes 17.Phage l.limportant sequences at the end of the linear virus genomes are a very common feature.48Genomes 18.Phage T449Genomes 19.50Genomes 20.Adeno virusesTGTGTGCACACAACACACGTGTGT5152Viral Replication.53Replication 2.54Replication 4.56Replication 5.57Replic
6、ation 6.58History of VirologyPerhaps the first written record of a virus infection consists of a heiroglyph from Memphis,drawn in approximately 1400BC,which depicts a temple priest called Siptah showing typical clinical signs of paralytic poliomyelitis59century.606162Actinomycetes phage M1,Siphoviri
7、daeActinomycetes phage MSP8,SiphoviridaeActinomycetes phage P-a-1,SiphoviridaeActinomycetes phage R1,SiphoviridaeActinomycetes phage R2,SiphoviridaeActinomycetes phage SK1,MyoviridaeActinomycetes phage SV2,SiphoviridaeActinomycetes phage VP5,SiphoviridaeAdelaide River virus,RhabdoviridaeAdeno-associ
8、ated virus 1,ParvoviridaeAdeno-associated virus 2,ParvoviridaeAdeno-associated virus 3,ParvoviridaeAdeno-associated virus 4,ParvoviridaeAdeno-associated virus 5,ParvoviridaeAdisura atkinsoni NPV,BaculoviridaeAdoxophyes orana NPV,BaculoviridaeAedes aegypti densovirus,ParvoviridaeAedes aegypti entomop
9、oxvirus,PoxviridaeAedes aegypti NPV,BaculoviridaeAedes albopictus densovirus,ParvoviridaeAedes annandalei NPV,BaculoviridaeAedes atropalpus NPV,BaculoviridaeAedes epactius NPV,BaculoviridaeAedes nigromaculis NPV,BaculoviridaeAedes pseudoscutellaris densovirus,ParvoviridaeAedes scutellaris NPV,Baculo
10、viridaeAedes sollicitans NPV,BaculoviridaeAedes taeniorhynchus NPV,BaculoviridaeAedes tormentor NPV,BaculoviridaeAedes triseriatus NPV,BaculoviridaeAedia leucomelas NPV,BaculoviridaeAeromonas phage 29,MyoviridaeAeromonas phage 37,MyoviridaeAeromonas phage 43,MyoviridaeAeromonas phage 44RR2.8t,Myovir
11、idaeAeromonas phage 51,MyoviridaeAeromonas phage 59.1,MyoviridaeAeromonas phage 65,MyoviridaeAeromonas phage Aeh1,MyoviridaeAeromonas phage Aeh2,MyoviridaeAfrican cassava mosaic virus,GeminiviridaeAfrican green monkey cytomegalovirus,HerpesviridaeAfrican green monkey HHV-like virus,HerpesviridaeAfri
12、can green monkey polyomavirus,PapovaviridaeAfrican horse sickness viruses 1 to 10,ReoviridaeAfrican swine fever virus,African swine fever-like virusesAG83-1746 virus,BunyaviridaeAG83-497 virus,BunyaviridaeAgaricus bisporus virus 1,UnassignedAgaricus bisporus virus 4,PartitiviridaeAgraulis vanillae v
13、irus,TetraviridaeAgrobacterium phage PIIBNV6,MyoviridaeAgrobacterium phage PS8,SiphoviridaeAgrobacterium phage PT11,SiphoviridaeAgrobacteriurn phage Y,SiphoviridaeAgrochola helvolva cypovirus 6,ReoviridaeAgrochola lychnidis cypovirus 6,ReoviridaeAgropyron mosaic virus,PotyviridaeAgrotis exclarnation
14、is NPV,BaculoviridaeAgrotis ipsilon NPV,BaculoviridaeAgrotis segeturn cypovirus 9,ReoviridaeAgrotis segeturn NPV,BaculoviridaeAguacate virus,BunyaviridaeAhlum water-borne virus,TombusviridaeAino virus,BunyaviridaeAkabane virus,BunyaviridaeAKR(endogenous)murine leukemia virus,RetroviridaeAlabama argi
15、llacea NPV,BaculoviridaeAlajuela virus,BunyaviridaeAlcaligenes phage 8764,SiphoviridaeAlcaligenes phage A5/A6,SiphoviridaeAlcaligenes phage A6,MyoviridaeAlcelaphine herpesvirus 1,HerpesviridaeAlcelaphine herpesvirus 2,HerpesviridaeAlenquer virus,BunyaviridaeAletia oxygala NPV,BaculoviridaeAleutian d
16、isease virus,ParvoviridaeAleutian mink disease virus,ParvoviridaeAfalfa cryptic virus 1,PartitiviridaeAlfalfa cryptic virus 2,PartitiviridaeAlfalfa latent virus,CarlavirusAlfalfa mosaic virus,BromoviridaeAlfuy virus,FlaviviridaeAllerton virus,HerpesviridaeAlligatorweed stunting virus,ClosterovirusAl
17、litrich herpesvirus 1,HerpesviridaeAllomyces arbuscula virus,UnassignedAlmeirim virus,ReoviridaeAlmpiwar virus,RhabdoviridaeAlphaea phasma NPV,BaculoviridaeAlsophila pometaria NPV,BaculoviridaeAlstroemeria mosaic virus,PotyviridaeAlstroemeria streak virus,PotyviridaeAlstroemeria virus,CarlavirusAlta
18、mira virus,ReoviridaeAlteromonas phage PM2,CorticoviridaeAmapari virus,ArenaviridaeAmaranthus leaf mottle virus,PotyviridaeAmathes c-nigrum NPV,BaculoviridaeAmazon lily mosaic virus,PotyviridaeAglais urticae cypovirus 2,ReoviridaeAglais urticae cypovirus 6,ReoviridaeAglais urticae NPV,BaculoviridaeA
19、graulis vanillae cypovirus 2,ReoviridaeAgraulis vanillae densovirus,ParvoviridaeAgraulis vanillae NPV,BaculoviridaeAndraca bipunctata GV,BaculoviridaeAneilema virus,PotyviridaeAngel fish reovirus,ReoviridaeAnhanga virus,BunyaviridaeAnhembi virus,BunyaviridaeAnisota senatoria NPV,BaculoviridaeAnomala
20、 cuprea entomopoxvirus,PoxviridaeAnomis flava NPV,BaculoviridaeAnomis sabulifera NPV,BaculoviridaeAnomogyna elimata NPV,BaculoviridaeAnopheles A virus,BunyaviridaeAnopheles 8 virus,BunyaviridaeAnopheles crucians NPV,BaculoviridaeAntequera virus,BunyaviridaeAnthela varia NPV,BaculoviridaeAnthelia hyp
21、erborea NPV,BaculoviridaeAntheraea eucalypti virus,TetraviridaeAntheraea mylitta cypovirus 4,ReoviridaeAntheraea paphia NPV,BaculoviridaeAntheraea pemyi cypovirus 4,ReoviridaeAntheraea pemyi NPV,BaculoviridaeAntheraea polyphemus NPV,BaculoviridaeAntheraea yamamai NPV,BaculoviridaeAnthonomus glandis
22、PV,BaculoviridaeAnthoxan,thum latent blanching virus,HordeivirusAnthoxanthum mosaic virus,PotyviridaeAnthrenus museorum NPV,BaculoviridaeAnthriscus virus,CarlavirusAnthriscus yellows virus,SequiviridaeAnticarisia gemmatalis MNPV,BaculoviridaeAntitype xanthomista cypovirus 6,ReoviridaeAotine herpesvi
23、rus 1,HerpesviridaeAotine herpesvirus 2,HerpesviridaeAotine herpesvirus 3,HerpesviridaeApamea anceps GV,BaculoviridaeApamea anceps NPV,BaculoviridaeApamea sordens GV,BaculoviridaeApanteles fumiferanae virus,PolydnaviridaeApeu virus,BunyaviridaeAphid lethal paralysis virus,PicornaviridaeAphodius tasmaniae entomopoxvirus,PoxviridaeApocheima cinerarius NPV,BaculoviridaeApproved Names of All Known Viruses:There are thousands63Serious Threaten64Helical Capsids65Icosahedra66Complicated Virus Structures67病毒立体对称结构（Symmetry）68病毒的结构69
