1、情态动词情态动词IV.情态动词的种类n can,could /may,might /must,have to,need /ought to /will,would,shall,should/dare 情态动词的用法n情态动词具有一定的词义，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独构不能单独构成谓语，成谓语，和谓语动词连用表示委婉语气，对行为的愿望，态度或推测等意义。nCan I ask you a question?n May I ask you a question.(更礼貌)nSoldiers must obey orders.2.情态动词+have done及其它（情态动词+现在完成时，表示对过去发
2、生情况的推测）1)could+have done表示与事实相反 He could have gone by bus,but he went on foot.n表示本来可以那样做却没有做，含有某种责备的口气2)might+have done表示未实现的行为You might have considered her feelings.表示说话人对过去情况的抱怨，责备，遗憾等3)neednt+have done表示做了不该做的事情 We neednt have hurried.温和的责备，后悔，通常限于否定句4)must+have done表示对过去行为的肯定肯定推测nShe must have b
3、een very young when she got married.nThe woman must be over fifty.5)should+have done表示该做而未做到的事6)6)should not+have done表示做了不该做的事 7)例子：资料n注意：表示对过去行为的否定推测为cant have done,而非mustnt have done.The room is in a terrible mess;it cant have been cleanedn3.shall/should(ought to);资料n 3)should除了表示”应当”,”该”解之外,还表示推
4、测:作”可能”、”该”解.还表示出乎意外,居然 竟然.如：The book should be in the reading-room./I never thought she should have done this.n 4)will/wouldn资料n15,71,73 题题 4.可以看作情态动词的短语n1)used to+V表示过去经常;而be used to doing表示习惯于 I used to play basketball in high school.2)had better+V表示”最好是”、“不如”之意nWe had better leave the office now
5、,or well miss the last bus.否定形式为had better not do 3)had rather+V than和would rather+V than表示”宁肯不愿”之意。如:We would/had rather die than yield.nHe would rather live in the country than in the city.补充：can not-toonYou cannot be too careful when crossing the street.n练习题练习题27，44，48，74 VI、虚拟语气、虚拟语气虚拟语气三大公式n与现在
6、事实相反n与过去事实相反与过去事实相反n与将来事实相反n资料 If he were here,everything would be all right.If I had the book,I would lend it to you.n If I had listened to you,I should/would have finished my assignment.n(美语常用would 代替should)If it rained(were to rain/should rain)tomorrow,I should stay at home.n练习 2,10,61n真题 3/24:nI
7、f 可以省略，但是从句要部分倒装。如：n资料例子n她要是学习再努力一些，这次考试就通过了。nHad she worked harder,she would have got through the exams.n假如你处在我的位置，你会怎么做？nWere you in my position,what would you do?n 练习16，39，真题4/222.有时条件从句和主句时态可以不一致,这叫混合条件虚拟语气混合条件虚拟语气.资料nIf I had worked harder at school,I would be sitting in a comfortable office no
8、w.(四级题)n3.在If only,wish,would sooner（=would rather）,as if(though)等后的句子中谓语动词要用虚拟结构.n资料：表格nI would rather stay home than go out.n Hed rather you came on Friday.他比较希望你在星期五来。would sooner do(than do)宁愿-（也不愿），宁可nI would sooner resign than work under that boss.nI could do it myself but I would sooner you d
9、id it.n练习练习13；55；62nThey would rather not have been to the Party.n他们宁愿没去参加那次晚会。（would rather 等短语后直接跟动词时，用原形表现在或将来的愿望，用现在完成时表示过去的愿望。该用法还有 would just as soon,might as well,would prefer 表愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”if only（省去结果主语的非真实条件句)If only(=I wish)I had not cheated in the examination.我如果能再见到他该多好啊！If only I could
10、see him again.n你如果听我的建议就好了。nif only you would take my advice.n I wish I were as strong as you.He wishes we would try again.nI wish I could have been there yesterday.Sometimes I wish I were living in a different time and a different place.(四级题)He often talks as if he were my father.He looks as if he
11、had been ill.(But he has not been ill)n注意：as if(though)不一定非使用虚拟语气。n She looks as if she is going to cry.n It looks as if well be late.补充 suppose 也可出现在非真实条件句中 Suppose you were given a chance to get the job,would you accept?n练习题练习题 4n4.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 主语+V.+that 主语+(should)do n V主要有:表示建议(propose,suggest
12、,urge,advise,recommend,move),表示要求(ask,require,request,demand,insist,desire,maintain),表示命令(command,order)n例句：资料，42题题注意：注意：1）suggest表示“说明，暗示”时后面不用虚拟语气。/suggest+doing sth.nAre you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?2）insist,maintain 表示“坚持认为坚持认为”时后面不用虚拟语气。表示“坚决要求坚决要求”必须用虚拟语气。（资料）5.主语从句中的虚拟语气n在I
13、t is(was)+adj.+that 主语+(should)do nadj.主要有：necessary,essential,important,vital,urgent,natural,desirable,advisable,strange等，以及desired,suggested,requested,ordered,proposed等。（资料）n真题真题1/25补充表语从句和同位语中的虚拟语气nMany a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee be set up to investigate the
14、incident.nThe colleges requirement is that all graduate students in education(should)pass CET 6.6.Its(high,about)time that we did(were)的句型中要用过去时n如:It is high time(that)we began to work.nIts already 5 oclock now.Dont you think its about time we went home?n我们该走了。It is time we left.n53题题n7.句型：But for(=
15、If it were not been for)+n.,主语+should(would,could)+V n/But for(=If it had not been for)+n.,主语+should(would,could)have done n条件句中的虚拟语气除了用连词if 引导外，还可用but for,without,or,otherwise等形式引导，称作含蓄虚拟条件句n资料例句n补充：Without the storm,we should have arrived much earlier.n23题题8.lest(for fear that/in case)+主语+(should)
16、don如：We didnt tell the old woman the bad news for fear that she(should)break down.nTake some money with you in case you should need it.n【考点考点】n虚拟语气常常与真实语气混合使用：n1）从真实语气过渡到虚拟语气，用otherwise,or 等，如：资料例句n真题2/21n2)从虚拟语气过渡到真实语气，用but,however等，资料例句.反意问句的重点反意问句的重点 陈述句,+附加疑问句n反意疑问句也称作附加疑问句，由前后两部分组成。第一部分提出一种看法，第
17、二部分用来质疑或证实。若前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分一般用否定形式；若前一部分为否定形式，后一部分一般用肯定形式。1.He is 1ate,isnt he?n当陈述句部分为系动词，助动词，情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些动词。You have already got our invitation,havent you?They neednt make such a loud noise,need they?2.They didnt agree with us,did they?You are to go home via Hong Kong,arent you?n注意时态的一致。n3.We ha
18、ve to go,dont we?n4.He used to live in China,didnt(usednt)he?n5.Youd like to come,wouldnt you?Youd rather not do,would you?Youd better come tomorrow,hadnt you?6.I ought to complain,shouldnt I?或 oughtnt I?7.I wish to go home now,may I?(特殊规律)I am very keen on sports,arent I?(特殊规律)n8.资料：注意：1)肯定的祈使句表示请求
19、时，反意疑问句一般用will you.表示邀请，劝诱时，反意疑问句用wont you。但是，在否定的祈使句后面则用will you。n Lets go,shall we?n Go home now,will you?(表命令,请求)n Have a cup of coffee,wont you?(表示邀请)9.当陈述句部分的主语是everything,something,nothing,this,that等词时，疑问句部分的主语用 it.Everything goes well,doesnt it?Nothing happened to him,did he?Thats wonderful,i
20、snt it?n10.陈述句部分的主语为不定代词somebody,everybody,nobody等词时，反意疑问句部分的主语通常用 they.Everyone knows his job,dont they?No one was hurt,were they?nNobody phoned me while I was out,did they？n11.复合句:nThey didnt say she would come,did they?nI think he is a good person,isnt he?n资料：注意（2）补充：n there be 句型的反意疑问句 There is something wrong with your car,isnt there?练习题练习题8，69；真题真题3/20nVII.形容词和副词形容词和副词 n资料
