1、沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析 一、文题一、文题 定义:定义:用短语或句子形式集中反映一篇用短语或句子形式集中反映一篇论文主要内容的一段文字论文主要内容的一段文字 作用:作用:供审稿、引起读者阅读兴趣、供供审稿、引起读者阅读兴趣、供编制索引等编制索引等 构成:构成:用一定逻辑关系连接起来的名词用一定逻辑关系连接起来的名词短语或句子短语或句子 沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析2对文题的要求:对文题的要求:简简(字数字数1818,2 2行行)明明(清楚,不模糊清楚,不模糊)准准(不夸大、具体不夸大、具体)沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析3Prevalence of impair
2、ed glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity(N Engl J Med 2002,346:802-810)显著肥胖的儿童和青少年中显著肥胖的儿童和青少年中葡萄糖耐量异常的患病率葡萄糖耐量异常的患病率十分符合简、明、准的要求。十分符合简、明、准的要求。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析4Effect of nonoxynol-9 gel on urogenital gonorrhea and chlamydial infection:A randomized controlled trial(J
3、AMA.2002;287:1117-1122)壬苯醇醚壬苯醇醚 9 凝胶对泌尿生殖系淋病和凝胶对泌尿生殖系淋病和衣原体感染的作用,一项随机对照的试验衣原体感染的作用,一项随机对照的试验 比上一个文题长一些,但也只有比上一个文题长一些,但也只有1010个主要个主要词,原文题目分两行,仍不失简捷。明确告词,原文题目分两行,仍不失简捷。明确告诉读者是一项随机对照的试验。有药名、疾诉读者是一项随机对照的试验。有药名、疾病、研究涉及的人体部位。病、研究涉及的人体部位。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析5 文题的某些特别注意事项:文题的某些特别注意事项:数字:数字:若以数字开始,用英文拼写的数若以数字
4、开始,用英文拼写的数词,不可用阿拉伯数字。词,不可用阿拉伯数字。标点符号:标点符号:引号用单引号引号用单引号 药名:药名:用通用名用通用名 种属名称种属名称:微生物、植物微生物、植物(草药草药)等的正等的正式 名 用式 名 用用 斜 体 字用 斜 体 字,如如 S t r e p t o c o c c u s S t r e p t o c o c c u s pneumoneaepneumoneae 缩略语:缩略语:尽可能避免尽可能避免 字体:字体:Times New Roman,加黑加黑沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析6 关于大小写:关于大小写:国内期刊多要求仅第国内期刊多要求仅第
5、一个字的首字母大写;国外期刊一般要一个字的首字母大写;国外期刊一般要求每个主要词的首字母大写(冠词、前求每个主要词的首字母大写(冠词、前置词,由三个或三个以下字母组成者不置词,由三个或三个以下字母组成者不大写)。大写)。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析7Induction of anaphylatoxin C5a receptors in rat hepatocytes by lipopolysaccharide in vivo:Mediation by interleukin-6 from Kupffer cells(Gastroenterology 2002 122:689-696)
6、在大鼠肝细胞内以脂多糖在体内诱导在大鼠肝细胞内以脂多糖在体内诱导过敏毒素过敏毒素C5a:来自库普弗:来自库普弗(枯否枯否)细胞的白介素细胞的白介素6的调的调节节 由由1313个主要词组成。特别体现准确。这是基个主要词组成。特别体现准确。这是基础研究论文的特点之一。说明研究的具体内容,础研究论文的特点之一。说明研究的具体内容,同时说明研究对象:是动物实验,是大鼠,是体同时说明研究对象:是动物实验,是大鼠,是体内实验,说明涉及的细胞种类等。内实验,说明涉及的细胞种类等。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析8以上几个文题均由名词性短语组成。但也有用完整的句子作为以上几个文题均由名词性短语组成。但也
7、有用完整的句子作为文题者。例如:文题者。例如:Genetic deficiency in the chemokine receptor CCR1 protects against acute Clostridium difficile toxin A enteritis in mice(Gastroenterology 2002 122:725-733)趋化因子受体趋化因子受体CCR1的遗传缺陷保护小鼠不患的遗传缺陷保护小鼠不患急性难辨梭状芽胞杆菌毒素急性难辨梭状芽胞杆菌毒素A肠炎肠炎 由由13个主要词组成,主语是个主要词组成,主语是Deficiency,而谓语是,而谓语是protects,注
8、意,这种情况下,谓语动词用注意,这种情况下,谓语动词用一般现在时一般现在时。后面。后面有补语和状语。还请注意细菌种属名称用有补语和状语。还请注意细菌种属名称用斜体字。斜体字。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析9Cost-effectiveness of coronary stenting and abciximab for patients with acute myocardial infarction:results from the CADILLAC(Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angiopl
9、asty Complications)trial Circulation 2003 108:2857-2863急性心肌梗死病人冠状动脉支架置入和阿昔单抗治疗的费用效益:降低血急性心肌梗死病人冠状动脉支架置入和阿昔单抗治疗的费用效益:降低血管成形术晚期并发症的阿昔单抗和器械对照管成形术晚期并发症的阿昔单抗和器械对照(CADILLAC)研究研究这一题目比较长,主要因为其中包括一项研究的很长的名称。虽然长,但这一题目比较长,主要因为其中包括一项研究的很长的名称。虽然长,但内容清楚,容易理解。内容清楚,容易理解。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析10以下是几个可以进一步修改、完善的例子以下是几个可
10、以进一步修改、完善的例子Transfusion-transmitted virus infection 改为:改为:Transfusion-transmitted virus infection in patients with viral hepatitides and healthy controls沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析11The determining HO-1 activity and its signification in patients with asthma 可改为:可改为:Determination of HO-1 activity and its sig
11、nificance in patients with asthma沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析12Pulmonary function examination of normal infants between 112 months in Guangzhou District Pulmonary function of healthy infants 1-12 months of age in Guangzhou area 沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析13Test results and clinical significance of the four serum mar
12、kers in health persons and others suffering with chronic hepatitis Clinical significance of four serum markers of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析14Psychiatric disorders:A rural-urban comparisonRural-urban differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disordersPrev
13、alence of psychiatric disorders is higher in urban than in rural areas沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析15Clinical study of purulent meningitis complicated with subdural effusion Clinical characteristics of purulent meningitis complicated with subdural effusion 沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析16Labeling and Experimental studie
14、s of the infection imaging agent of infected site with 99mTc-(CPF)labeled ciprofloxacin Experimental studies on the imaging of infected site with 99mTc-(CPF)labeled ciprofloxacin in mice 沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析17Association analysis between the serotonin 1A receptor C(-1019)G polymorphism and major depr
15、essive disorder in the Northern Han Nationality of ChinaAnalysis of association between the serotonin 1A receptor C(-1019)G polymorphism and major depressive disorder in the Northern Han ethnic group in China沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析18 总之,文题要简、明、准,字总之,文题要简、明、准,字数不宜多;逻辑关系要清楚,开数不宜多;逻辑关系要清楚,开头不用定冠词头不用定冠词The、
16、不用阿拉伯、不用阿拉伯数字。不用数字。不用A study on,A survey of,An investigation of 等。等。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析19 二、作者姓名、工作单位二、作者姓名、工作单位(书写格式因期刊而异,以下是书写格式因期刊而异,以下是CMACMA期刊的规定期刊的规定)作者姓名:作者姓名:要列出全部作者的姓名;要列出全部作者的姓名;姓名均用斜体字姓名均用斜体字;姓的每个字母都要大写;姓的每个字母都要大写;名的第一个字母大写,其余字母名的第一个字母大写,其余字母 一律小写,中间要带连字符;一律小写,中间要带连字符;沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析2
17、0举例:举例:BAO Xin-hua,PEI Zhu-ying,QIN Jiong,WU Xiru.YANG Ming,YANG Yong-hong,Alexander DMITRIEV,SHEN A-dong,TONG Yue-juan,SHEN Xu-zhuang,FAN Xun-mei.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析21 如有两个或两个以上作者,作者姓名之间要用如有两个或两个以上作者,作者姓名之间要用逗号分开,最后一位作者姓名后加句号。逗号分开,最后一位作者姓名后加句号。香港、澳门作者姓名的拼写法与汉语拼音的拼香港、澳门作者姓名的拼写法与汉语拼音的拼写法不同,要尊重当地拼写法。写
18、法不同,要尊重当地拼写法。外国作者姓名写法,尚无统一规定,应是名在外国作者姓名写法,尚无统一规定,应是名在前,姓在后,但姓的全部字母要大写。有中间首字前,姓在后,但姓的全部字母要大写。有中间首字母的仍放在中间,但其后一定要有黑点母的仍放在中间,但其后一定要有黑点(句号句号),如:,如:Melvin H.FREEDMANN Melvin H.Freedmann沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析22Yao Hua Ji,Qiang Ruan,Rong He,Yan Ping Ma,Ying Qi,Zhi Qin Mao,Yu Jing Huang 沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析23 工
19、作单位:工作单位:请不要按自己的想像或印象去写单位名称。请不要按自己的想像或印象去写单位名称。要按照单位正式对外名称写。可参考单位的正式要按照单位正式对外名称写。可参考单位的正式出版物如期刊,如学报等上的写法。单位名称中出版物如期刊,如学报等上的写法。单位名称中所有主要词的第一个字母都要大写。所有主要词的第一个字母都要大写。具体写法:按科室、医院、大学的顺序写,具体写法:按科室、医院、大学的顺序写,中间以逗号隔开。后面写城市名和邮政编码,最中间以逗号隔开。后面写城市名和邮政编码,最后写后写China。例如:。例如:Department of Pediatrics,First Hospital,
20、Beijing University,Beijing 100034,China 请不要写成请不要写成“P.R.China”。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析24 又如:又如:Department of Surgery,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200025,China Department of Stomatology,Beijing Childrens Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,Beijing 100045,China(勿写勿写“
21、P.R.China”)沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析25 个别地名的英文拼写法与一般想象的不同,个别地名的英文拼写法与一般想象的不同,暂以中国地图出版社出版的中国地图册和学暂以中国地图出版社出版的中国地图册和学苑出版社出版的最新世界地名录(均有中、苑出版社出版的最新世界地名录(均有中、英文地名,而且两者中的基本相同)为准。如:英文地名,而且两者中的基本相同)为准。如:西安:西安:Xian;陕西:陕西:Shaanxi;乌鲁木奇:乌鲁木奇:rmqi;呼和浩特:呼和浩特:Hohhot,等。,等。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析26Virus Laboratory,ChunQiu Med
22、ical University,The second affiliated hospital,ChunQiu 110004,P.R.ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology,No.999 Hospital of Chuqiu PLA Area,Chunqiu,110004 China 沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析27 三、摘要三、摘要(abstract,summary)作用作用:简明但稍微具体地反映一篇论文的简明但稍微具体地反映一篇论文的主要内容,供阅读、编入数据库等。主要内容,供阅读、编入数据库等。构成:构成:背景背景(目的目的)、方法、结果和结论、方
23、法、结果和结论。不同期刊要求不同。不同期刊要求不同。如如N Engl J Med要求要求:Background(Objective),Method,Result,Conclusion沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析28 Context(上下文,即上下文,即Background),包括包括Objective的实际内容的实际内容 Design and Setting,Patients,Intervention,Main Outcome Measures,Results,Conclusions.Method沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析29 目的目的 Objective Abstrac
24、t Objective To evaluate the reliability of 13C-urea breath test(13C-UBT)in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection by using gastroscopy and serum HP antibody testing.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析30 又如:Abstract Objective To explore the flow cytometric 3-color analysis of circulating activated platele
25、ts(CAP)and its clinical significance in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析31 JAMA表示目的的文字也多用表示目的的文字也多用To 短短语,例如:语,例如:Objective To compare the effect of CABG surgery with(on-pump)and without(off-pump)cardiopulmonary bypass on cognitive outcome.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析32 表示目的的这一段文字应尽可能避免与
26、文题表示目的的这一段文字应尽可能避免与文题完全重复。完全重复。常用于表示目的的动词不定式短语有:常用于表示目的的动词不定式短语有:To evaluate To explore (国外期刊少用国外期刊少用)To understand To clarify To determine To compare To test the hypothesis 沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析33这种表示目的的句子,常用的有以下几种:这种表示目的的句子,常用的有以下几种:The present study aimed at (后面多用后面多用动名词动名词)This study was designed
27、to (动词动词不定式短语不定式短语)The present study was conducted to (同上同上)The purpose of this study was to (同上同上)The aim of this study was to (同上同上)沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析34 ABSTRACTBackground Childhood obesity,epidemic in the United States,has been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes amon
28、g children and adolescents.We determined the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in a multiethnic cohort of 167 obese children and adolescents.(N Engl J Med,2002,346:802-810)沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析35 BackgroundBackgroundAngiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitors prevent decline in physical functi
29、on in patients with congestive heart failure(CHF).We aimed to see whether ACE inhibitors also prevent reduction in physical performance and in muscle strength in older women who do not have CHF.一般不主张用第一人称一般不主张用第一人称沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析36(背景背景)Since the live-attenuated JE vaccine was licensed in 1990,i
30、t has already passed for 17 years.(自从自从JE减毒活疫苗于减毒活疫苗于1990年获得批准以来,年获得批准以来,17年的时间已经过去了。年的时间已经过去了。)Since the live-attenuated JE vaccine was licensed in 1990,17 years has already passed.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析37 (目的目的)In this study,the aim was to.(本研究的目的为本研究的目的为.。)The aim of this study was to.This study aim
31、ed to 沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析38The purpose of this paper was to study the relationship between The present study aimed to report the relationship between The present study was designed to describe the relationship between This study aimed to report our experience of using 沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析39 方法方法 Meth
32、od 1、研究对象、纳入和排除标准、研究对象、纳入和排除标准 2、研究方法、设计、分组、所用的技术、研究方法、设计、分组、所用的技术、治疗的方法,等等治疗的方法,等等 3、主要和次要终点指标、主要和次要终点指标沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析40Methods In four treatment centers for visceral leishmaniasis,667 patients between 5 and 55 years of age who were negative for the human immunodeficiency virus and had parasit
33、ologically confirmed visceral leishman-iasis were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive paromomycin(502 patients)at a dose of 11 mg per kilo-gram of body weight intramuscularly daily for 21 days or amphotericin B(165 patients)at a dose of 1 mg per kilogram intravenously every other day for 30
34、days.Final cure was assessed 6 months after the end of treatment;safety assessments included daily clinical evaluations and weekly laboratory and audiometric evaluations.Noninferiority testing was used to compare 6-month cure rates,with a chosen margin of noninferiority of 10 percentage points.沃登编辑英
35、文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析41 方法部分经常出现问题的是年龄的表方法部分经常出现问题的是年龄的表示法。如果用单独一句话表示年龄,一般示法。如果用单独一句话表示年龄,一般不会错。如不会错。如:The mean age of the patients was 58 years(48-67 years).The patients age ranged from 58 to 67 years(mean 58 years).The patients were in average 58 years old.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析42 但如果不是用单独一句话表示年龄,但如果不是用单独一句
36、话表示年龄,而说明年龄的词语,只是一句话里的一部而说明年龄的词语,只是一句话里的一部分时,常常出现问题。如:分时,常常出现问题。如:The patients aged 5.514 years old were divided into 2 groups.aged和和old有一个即可,不能同时出现。有一个即可,不能同时出现。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析43可改为:可改为:The patients aged 5.5-14 years were divided into 2 groups.或或The patients,5.5-14 years old,were divided into 2
37、 groups.或或The patients 5.5-14 years of age were divided into 2 groups.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析44The patients of mean age 58 years old in the treatment group received interferon alpha injection.可改为:可改为:The patients in the treatment group,mean age 58 years,received interferon-alpha injection.Seven-day post
38、natal male Sprague-Dawley rats(n=51)were used for study.可改为:可改为:Seven-day old male Sprague-Dawley rats(n=51)were used for the study.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析45 (方法方法)Use the proper dilution(10-3-10-5)to be inoculated into well grown monolayer of MDCK cells.(用疫苗株的适当稀释液用疫苗株的适当稀释液(10-3-10-5)接种到生长良好的接种到生长良好的M
39、DCK细胞单细胞单层上。层上。)The proper dilutions of the vaccine strain were inoculated onto well grown monolayer of MDCK cells.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析46(方法方法)Using viral RNA extracted from different vaccine lots and seed lots as templates,apmlified by RT-PCR,and detected by agar gel electrophoresis.(以从不同批次疫苗和种子批中提取
40、的病毒以从不同批次疫苗和种子批中提取的病毒RNA为模板,为模板,用用RT-PCR进行扩增,并以琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定。进行扩增,并以琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定。)Using viral RNA extracted from different vaccine lots and seed lots as templates,E-protein gene was apmlified by using RT-PCR,and the PCR product was detected by using agar gel electrophoresis.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析47(方法方法)The f
41、ollow-up was performed on 26 patients,ranging from 6 months to 46 months,mean 10.68 months.(对对26例病人进行了为期例病人进行了为期6至至46个个月,平均月,平均10.68个月的随访。个月的随访。)Twenty-six patients were followed up for 6-46(mean 10.68)months.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析4814 cases of LAM including one autopsy were collected from XXX hospital
42、.Data of 14 cases with LAM including one autopsy were collected from XXX hospital.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析49There were 19 men and 6 women of the 25 cases with age range from 24 to 76 years(mean age,54.9 years).Of the 25 cases,19 were men and 6 were women with age ranged from 24 to 76 years(mean age,54.9
43、years).沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析50(A study on mice)Group 1 used free Hydrochloric ADM without conjugated to the PBCA-NP as the control,and the group 2-6 used ADM-PBCA-NP as the experimental groups.The mice in group 1 were treated with free hydrochloric ADM unconjugated with the PBCA-NP(control group),and
44、those in the groups 2-6 were treated with ADM-PBCA-NP(experimental groups).沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析51The data in our study was compared with other studies in intratimpanic drug delivery.The data obtained in this study were compared with those of other studies on intratimpanic drug delivery.1)obtained 2)o
45、ur study?3)data是复数 4)compared with other studies?5)studies on instead of in.沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析52 方法部分的时态也要用方法部分的时态也要用一般过去时一般过去时。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析53 结结 果果 Results 一般论文摘要中占篇幅较大的是这一部分。一般论文摘要中占篇幅较大的是这一部分。这一段介绍最主要的研究结果。这一段介绍最主要的研究结果。时态用一般过去时。时态用一般过去时。摘要中一般不主张用图表摘要中一般不主张用图表(会议摘要可有少会议摘要可有少量图表量图表)。可以介绍一些
46、关键的数字。国内不少杂志包可以介绍一些关键的数字。国内不少杂志包括统计学处理结果(具有可信区间的有关数据或括统计学处理结果(具有可信区间的有关数据或P值等)。值等)。JAMA和和Lancet都主张包括都主张包括P值。值。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析54 在摘要的结果部分描述结果时,应在摘要的结果部分描述结果时,应当避免的一些情况:当避免的一些情况:The results of our study showed that It was shown that The present study showed that 等等。等等。因为前面有个小标题因为前面有个小标题Results,可以直
47、接,可以直接开始描述结果。开始描述结果。沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析55下面是下面是N Engl J Med一篇摘要的结果部分:一篇摘要的结果部分:Results The mortality rate was 30.8 percent in the placebo group and 24.7 percent in the drotrecogin alfa activated group.On the basis of the prospectively defined primary analysis,treatment with drotrecogin alfa activate
48、d was associated with a reduction in the relative risk of death of 19.4 percent(95 percent confidence interval,6.6 to 30.5)and an absolute reduction in the risk of death of 6.1 percent(P=0.005).The incidence of serious bleeding was higher in the drotrecogin alfa activated group than in the placebo g
49、roup(3.5 percent vs.2.0 percent,P=0.06).沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析56 有问题的例子:有问题的例子:(Results)The positive rates of B19-DNA and IgM in patients with Schonlein-Henoch purpura,juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,dermatomyositis,systemic lupus erythematosus and Kawasaki disease are 25%and 20%、37.2%and 20%、40%and 20%、
50、42.9%and 28.6%、37.5%and 25.0%,respectively.There is no difference of the positive rates of B19-DNA and IgM among the above five types of childrens common rheumatism(P0.05).沃登编辑英文医学论文稿件中常见问题分析57(初步修改初步修改)The positive rates of B19-DNA and IgM in patients with Schonlein-Henoch purpura,juvenile rheumato