1、(山东专用)2020版高考英语复习专题十名词性从句课件外研版考向分析考向分析 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在对what,that,whether,whatever,whichev-er,when,where,how等引导词的考查上,其中what和that是考查的重点。名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词单句填空单句填空考点清单语境运用1.It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.答案答案that 句意:对于那些总是不放弃希望的
2、人来说,发生任何事情都是有可能的,这是很常见的。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语,“anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”为真正的主语;该从句结构完整,故由that引导。2.A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might buy some flowers for my friends mothers 60th birthday.答案答案that句意:我突然有了一个很温馨的想法,我可以为我朋友的妈妈的六十大寿买些鲜花。本题考查同位语从句。“I might buy some flowe
3、rs for my friends mothers 60th birthday”作a warm thought的同位语。该从句不缺任何成分,故用that引导。单句改错单句改错3.It is obvious to the students what they should get well prepared for their future.whatthat 答案答案whatthat在题干中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为students之后的主语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作为引导词,what应改为that。4.The notice came around two in
4、the afternoon which the meeting would be postponed.whichthat 答案答案whichthat在题干中,afternoon之后为notice的具体内容,即同位语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作为引导词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,从句要用陈述句语序。名词性从句的引导词如下表所示:用法精讲用法精讲 引导词功能从属连词that在从句中不作任何句子成分,没有词汇意义whether,if在从句中不作任何句子成分,意为“是否”because在从句中不作任何句子成分,意为“因为”连接代词who(ever
5、),whom,what(ever),whose,which(ever)who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom在从句中作宾语;which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语;whose在从句中作定语连接副词when(ever),where,wherever,why,how在从句中作状语考点一考点一that引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句1.that引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何词汇意义,但一般不可省略;that引导宾语从句时无词义,在从句中不作任何句子成分,口语中一般可以省略,但下列情况不能省略。(1)动词后跟多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有
6、第一个that可以省略,从第二个从句开始不可省略that;(2)宾语从句前有插入语时。We hope,on the contrary,that you will refuse to help him.恰恰相反,我们希望你能拒绝帮助他。【点津】sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等表示“态度、情感”的形容词后也可接宾语从句。I am sure that you will make it in spite of all kinds of difficulties.尽管有各种各样的困难,我确信你会成功的。2.为了平衡句子结构,that引导主语从句时常用i
7、t作形式主语,that不可省略。常见的句式有以下几种:(1)It+be+名词+that从句(如:It is a fact/pity/shame/surprise that.);(2)It+be+形容词+that从句(如:It is clear/important/necessary/obvious/pos-sible/strange that.);(3)It+be+过去分词+that从句(如:It is believed/reported/said/suggested/thought that.);(4)It+特殊动词+that从句(如:It happens to sb.that.;It oc
8、curred to sb.that.;It matters that.)。It suddenly occurred to me that he had gone to Africa.我突然想到他已去了非洲。【点津】在“It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/recom-mended/urged+that从句”结构中,从句用“(should+)动词原形”的形式。Its suggested that you(should)set aside some time to work out every day.建议你每天抽点
9、时间锻炼。3.it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后有宾语补足语时,需用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有think,believe,consider,guess,make,find,suppose等。I think it very important that you should follow the rule.我认为遵循这个规则很重要。(2)动词hate,like,dislike,appreciate,enjoy等表示“喜欢、厌恶”的动词以及动词短语see to后常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that your
10、dog will be taken good care of.我会确保你的狗被照顾好。考点二考点二what(ever)引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句单句填空单句填空语境运用语境运用1.What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games was held successfully in Beijing.答案答案What句意:众所周知,2008年奥运会在北京成功举行。分析题干可知,“is known to us all”为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,再根据语境可知应用what引导主语从句。2.Your support is importan
11、t to our work.Whatever you can do helps.答案答案Whatever句意:你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“you can do”为主语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且表示“任何事情”,故答案为Whatever(相当于Any-thing that)。3.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to$20,half of what it used to charge.答案答案what句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元,
12、(20美元)是其过去收费的一半。本题考查宾语从句。逗号后面是$20的同位语,charge后面缺少宾语,故用what引导。单句改错单句改错4.After arriving at school,I discussed with some classmates that we could do.thatwhat 答案答案thatwhat句意:到达学校后,我和一些同学讨论了我们能做点什么。“that we could do”为宾语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且表示“物”,故用what而不是that引导。what(ever)引导名词性从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语,根据语境有不同的意义。Weve o
13、nly got this small bookcase.Will that do?No,what I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.用法精讲用法精讲我们只有这个小书架。它够用吗?不。我要找的是一个更大更坚固的东西。Before a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem itself is.在解决问题之前,必须明确问题本身是什么。It is not always easy for the public to see what use a new
14、 invention can be of to human life.让公众明白一项新发明对人类生活有什么用途并不总是容易的。考点三考点三whether/if引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句单句填空单句填空She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt.语境运用语境运用答案答案whether/if句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆,我承认我还没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据句意可知该宾语从句要用whether/if引导。1.whether和if在宾语从句
15、中可以互换,但是作介词的宾语时一般用whether。It depends on whether he will help us.那取决于他是否会帮助我们。用法精讲用法精讲2.宾语从句位于句首或者宾语从句提前时用whether不用if。Whether I will come back on time I am not sure at the moment.我能否按时回来,现在我还不确定。3.与or not连用时用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had passed the test.我不知道他是否已经通过了测试。4.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中使
16、用whether。Whether the meeting will be called off has not been decided yet.会议是否会被取消还没有决定。The question is whether they can finish the task on schedule.问题是他们能否按时完成任务。5.whether常与or连用表示选择,if不能这样用。The question of whether the house is big or small is not important.房子是大还是小这个事情不重要。考点四表语从句核心考点考点四表语从句核心考点单句填空单句
17、填空I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that why you had a few days off?语境运用语境运用答案答案why句意:上周我开车去珠海观看航展了。那就是你请几天假的原因吗?根据上句提供的语境,下句应该问“请假的原因”。1.主句的主语是advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement 等表示“建议,要求,命令”的名词时,表语从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气“(should+)动词原形”的形式。My suggestion is that you(should)arrive at you
18、r friends home earlier than the appointed time.我建议你比约定的时间早到你朋友家里。用法精讲用法精讲2.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词使用that,而不是because或why。The reason why he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.他考试不及格是由于太粗心了。3.why与because均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调原因。I had a cold.Thats why I didnt attend school.我感冒了,因此我没上学。I didnt
19、attend school.Thats because I had a cold.我没去上学,那是因为我感冒了。考点五考点五疑问代词疑问代词+-ever与与nomatter+疑问代词的区别疑问代词的区别单句填空单句填空Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案答案whoever句意:每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语成分,且表示“无论谁”,故填whoever。语境运用语境运用whoever/whomeve
20、r/whatever/whichever和no matter who/whom/what/which都可引导让步状语从句,此时两者可以互换。但whoever/whomev-er/whatever/whichever还可引导名词性从句,此时不能与“no matter+疑问代词”互换。用法精讲用法精讲Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift.(主语从句)无论谁来参加聚会都会收到一份礼物。Whoever(=No matter who)comes to the party,he will receive a gift.(状语从句)无论谁来参加聚会,都
21、会收到一份礼物。考点六介词后的宾语从句考点六介词后的宾语从句单句改错单句改错(2016课标全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.thatwhere 答案答案thatwhere考查宾语从句。where引导宾语从句且在从句中作状语。语境运用语境运用一般情况下介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。We are talking about whether we should build another zoo.我们正在讨论是否应该再建一个动物园。My office is not far from where I
22、 am living.我的办公室离我现在住的地方不远。用法精讲用法精讲【点津】that引导的从句作介词的宾语时,一般需用形式宾语it代替,将that从句后置。You may depend on it that I shall always help you.请你相信我会一直帮助你的。考点七连接副词引导的名词性从句考点七连接副词引导的名词性从句单句填空单句填空Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing where she was heading.语境运用语境运用答案答案where句意:Jane在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地
23、走着,不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。when,where,why,how等连接副词引导名词性从句,在从句中作状语。It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.我们什么时候开运动会还是个问题。I dont know how they will solve the tough problem.我不知道他们将如何解决这个棘手的问题。The computer remains where it was.电脑还在它原来的地方。用法精讲用法精讲对名词性从句的考查从连接词入手。首先要记住连接
24、词that,whether/if,as if/though,because,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how等,然后分析它们在从句中所作的成分和它们所引导的从句在整个句子中所作的成分。名词性从句的解题思路:找出主句;辨别哪部分为名词性从句;看名词性从句缺什么成分,缺什么补什么,什么都不缺,用that。技巧点拨例1Locating interesting things,Darwin wondered a great deal about what he saw.例2Its time to start by reading aloud to whoever might like it.答案答案例1 what例2 whoever例1句意:找到有趣的东西后,Darwin非常想弄明白他看到的东西。设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指物,故由what引导宾语从句。例2句意:是时候开始朗读给任何可能喜欢它的人了。介词to后面是一个宾语从句,从句缺少主语和引导词,根据句意可知答案为whoever。
