1、（madeofdingshangtuwenmadeofdingshangtuwen）必修1Module 4 A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood课程解读课程解读话题A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood(社会调查我的邻居）功能Showing position and direction(指明位置与方向）语法Present perfect tense(现在完成时）课程解读课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.investigationn.调查2.soundvi.听起来3.bothervt.打扰；麻烦4.approachvt.接近5.exchangevt.交换
2、6.afford vt.买得起，有能力支付7.contactvt.联络；联系（某人）8.fortunateadj.幸运的；吉祥的unfortunate（反义词）adj.不幸的fortunen.运气9.starvevi.饿死starvationn.饥饿10.occupationn.职业occupyv.占据11.fascinatingadj.迷人的；吸引人的fascinatev.使着迷fascinationn.魅力12.survive vi.幸存survival n.幸存，侥幸活下来13.attractingadj.有吸引力的attractv.吸引attractionn.吸引力课程解读课程解读重点
3、短语1.as a result因此，结果2.such as诸如之类的3.go up上升；上涨4.put up建造；张贴5.get away from摆脱6.pay back归还；报复7.a great many许多，大量8.sofar到目前为止重点句型1.Its been six years since we last saw each other.自从上次我们见面以来已有六年了2.It/This/That is the first time that.这/那是第一次3.What+be+主语+like?(用来征求对方意见)询问某人或某些情况怎样知识要点知识要点要点一 单词1.bother vt
4、.打扰，麻烦，使烦扰vi.操心，花费时间、精力n.U（做某事）不便；C引起麻烦或不便的人或事归纳拓展（1）bother sb.with/about sth.拿某事烦扰某人bother about/with sb./sth.为某人/某事而烦恼；操心某人/某事bother to do sth.烦心/费力做某事be bothered about sb./sth.关心某人/某事（2）have no/much/little bother（in）doing做不费力/很费力/几乎不费力知识要点知识要点例句：I dont want to bother her with my problems at the m
5、oment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。Dont bother with the letters，theyre not urgent.不要为这些信操心，它们不是急件。We had a lot of bother finding our way there.我们费了很大劲才找到去那里的路。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】I know this is not quite the right word，but I cant be _ to think of a better one.A.disturbedB.botheredC.troubledD.worried【解析解析】句意为：我知道这个词不
6、完全准确，但我不想费事再想一个更恰当的。disturb常指“精神上的混乱”；bother指“费心，麻烦”；trouble常用于“麻烦别人”；worry指“焦躁不安”。故选B。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点2.approach v.&n.靠近；着手处理（事务等）；接近；靠近；着手处理（事务等）；接近；通道；方法通道；方法归纳拓展（1）at the approach of 在快到的时候at ones approach某人一接近approach to.的方法、步骤（其中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词形式）make an approach to对进行探讨（2）approach sb.on/abou
7、t sth.为某事与某人打交道知识要点知识要点例句：Now were leaving the business district and approaching the harbour.现在我们正离开商业区，前往港口。All approaches to the town were blocked.所有进城的道路都被封锁了。They presented a new approach to learning computer skills.他们提出了学习电脑技术的新方法。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】In some cases，different approaches _ the same
8、scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.A.toB.withC.aboutD.of【解析解析】句意为：在有些情况下，对同一科学问题的不同研究方式会得出完全相悖的结论。approach to.为固定搭配，意为“的方法（途径）”，其中to为介词。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点As I_ the little grass house in the forest,my heart beat more and more quickly.A.approachedB.walkedC.ranD.stepped【解析解析】考查动词辨析。approach“走
9、近，靠近”；walk“走路，散步”；run“跑，管理”；step“向前迈步”。句意为：当我走近森林里那个小草屋时，我的心跳越来越快。根据句意，选A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点3.contact vt.与（某人）接触；与（某人）联系与（某人）接触；与（某人）联系n.U接触，传达，交流意见；接触，传达，交流意见；C有联系；关系，接有联系；关系，接触触归纳拓展come into/be in contact with sb.与某人有来往；和某人接触get in/into contact with sb.=make contact with sb.与某人取得联系keep in contact/tou
10、ch with sb.与某人保持联系be out of/lose contact with.与失去联系知识要点知识要点例句：The journalists contact related people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview.记者联系了有关人员并约定时间进行一次面对面的采访。They have been/have remained in contact with each other all these years.他们这些年来一直有/保持联系。After the earthquake,people lost contact wi
11、th outside.地震后，人们与外界失去了联系。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Its good manners to maintain eye _ when talking or listening to others.A.contactB.touchC.communicationD.connection【解析解析】eye contact是固定用法，意为“目光接触；眼神交汇”。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点4.afford v.担负得起（费用），抽得出（时间），提供担负得起（费用），抽得出（时间），提供归纳拓展（1）afford意为“买得起，负担得起”，常与can,could,be
12、able to连用，后接名词、代词或不定式。（2）afford sth.负担得起某物的费用afford to do sth.负担得起做某事的费用afford+sb.sth.sth.to sb.给予某人某物知识要点知识要点例句：The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.房屋价格的上升使本地区的人们买不起那儿的房子。His own garden affords fresh vegetables to the family.他自家的菜园为一家人提供新鲜蔬菜。Music
13、affords us pleasure.音乐给我们带来欢乐。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Arent you going to buy that car?It is modern and comfortable.Yes，it is.But I can_ tsuch an expensive car now.A.affordB.liveC.hopeD.offer【解析解析】考查afford sth.“负担得起某物”的用法。答句句意为：是的，但是现在我买不起这么贵的汽车。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点5.survive vt.比比活得长，幸免于活得长，幸免于；从；从中逃中逃生生vi.活下来，
14、幸存活下来，幸存归纳拓展（1）A survive B A比B活得时间长survive the accident/fire/earthquake在事故/火灾/地震中幸免于难survive from.从幸存下来survive on.靠维持生活，靠存活下来（2）survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者，死里逃生的人知识要点知识要点例句：All these things mean that many villages in Western Europe are fighting to survive.所有这些都意味着许多西欧村庄都在为生存而斗争。She survived her husb
15、and for 10 years.她比她丈夫多活了10年。She is barely surviving on her monthly social security payment.她靠每月的社会保险金勉强维持生活。It was lucky that he survived the big earthquake.很幸运他得以从大地震中幸免于难。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Theres little chance that mankind would _ a nuclear war.A.retainB.endureC.maintainD.survive【解析解析】句意为：人类经历一场核
16、战争而能幸免于难，这种可能性是很小的。survive意为“幸存，幸免于”，符合题意。retain意为“保持，保留”；endure主要指“忍受疼痛、折磨”；maintain意为“维持、保持”。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点要点二要点二 短语短语1.put up建造，搭起；张贴；为建造，搭起；张贴；为提供食宿提供食宿归纳拓展put away 储存（钱）；储存以备用；储蓄put forward 提出（意见、建议等）put off 延期；推迟put on 假装；伪装；表演，上演（戏剧）；穿上，戴上put through 接通电话知识要点知识要点例句：Theyve put up a lot of hig
17、h-rise buildings recently.最近他们已建起了许多高楼大厦。We had to put up at inn for the night.我们只好在客栈里过夜。The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.这次考试成绩将于星期五中午公布。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】An industry-theme museum is to _ where there was once an iron factory,which did a lot for the country in the past.A.put offB
18、.be put upC.put outD.be put down【解析解析】考查动词短语辨析。put off“推迟；拖延”；put up“张贴，建造”；put out“扑灭”；put down“写下，记下”。句意为：一所以工业为主题的博物馆即将在原先钢铁厂所在的那个位置建造，过去这个钢铁厂为这个乡村做了许多贡献。根据句意，选B。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点2.go up（价格、温度等）上升，上涨；被兴建，被建（价格、温度等）上升，上涨；被兴建，被建造；攀爬造；攀爬归纳拓展go up to上升至go up by以某种速度（比例）上升go after追求，追逐go back to追溯到，起源于g
19、o out出去；熄灭go over复习，仔细检查go through浏览，翻阅；遭受；经历；仔细检查go without没有也勉强过得去知识要点知识要点例句：I believe prices might go up next week.我认为下周价格可能上涨。New office blocks are going up everywhere.新的办公建筑物正在到处兴建。They went up the hill the other day.前几天他们去爬山了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The price of the goods has _ but our income doesnt
20、 increase.A.gone upB.been gone upC.brought downD.been brought down【解析解析】句意为：商品价格上涨了，但我们的收入没有增加。go up意为“上升，上涨”，为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，故选A。bring down“降低价格”，及物动词短语，有被动语态，但不合句意，故排除C、D项，选A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点3.a great many许多，大量的许多，大量的归纳拓展英语中有些表示“许多，大量”的短语后接可数名词与不可数名词的情况不同，归纳如下：知识要点知识要点（5）large quantities of+可数名词复数或不
21、可数名词（作主语时谓语动词用复数）例句：A great many books have been published this year.今年出版了很多书。It seems that a great number of them are out of work now.他们很多人现在好像都失业了。The number of people invited was one hundred,but a number of them were absent for different reasons.邀请了一百人，但是很多人由于各种原因而缺席。Large quantities of water hav
22、e been polluted with the development of industry.随着工业的发展，大量的水被污染了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】I hear _ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time,though others prefer basketball.A.quite a lotB.quite a fewC.quite a bitD.quite a little【解析解析】修饰复数名词boys,C、D两项只能修饰不可数名词，故排除；a lot修饰名词时后面要加of。故选择B项
23、。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点This year an increased number of drivers _ for speeding.A.have punishedB.have been punishedC.has punishedD.has been punished【解析解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意为：今年已有更多的司机由于超速行驶而受罚。an increased number of drivers作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式，而且drivers与punish之间是被动关系，故B是最佳选项。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点要点三要点三 句型句型Its been six yea
24、rs since we last saw each other.自从上次我们见面已有自从上次我们见面已有6年了年了归纳拓展（1）“It is/has been+一段时间+since从句（从句中的动词为短暂性动词的过去时）”，是一个短暂性动词表示延续性的句型。（2）如果表示“在过去以前某人做某事持续了一段时间”则用句型“It was/had been+一段时间+since从句（从句中用短暂性动词的过去完成时）”。（3）此句型结构中，从句中的动词若为短暂性动词，则动词词义和句意相同，即“自从至今已有多久了”；若从句中的动词为延续性动词或状态动词，则动词词义和句意相反，即“自从不已经多久了”。知识要
25、点知识要点例句：It is/has been 5 years since he left Beijing.他离开北京已5年了。It is/has been 5 years since he lived in Beijing.他不在北京住已经有5年了。It was several years since the war had broken out.战争已经爆发好几年了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Is it for two months _ they have stayed here?No,it is only three weeks _ they arrived here.A.tha
26、t;sinceB.that;whenC.when;thatD.since;before【解析解析】第一空考查强调句型“It is+被强调部分+that/who.”,此题为疑问句形式;第二空考查“It is+一段时间+since从句”的用法。句意为：他们在这里待了有两个月了吧？不，他们到这儿仅仅只有三周的时间。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.because【解析解析】句意为：自从我们上一次见面到现在已经差不多五年了。since“自从”，引导的状
27、语从句用一般过去时态，主句用现在完成时态，It is/has been+一段时间+since从句意为“自从（已经多久）了”。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点要点四要点四 语法语法现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有关系，即用一个过去的动作来说明现在的情况，现在完成时是现在时态。现在完成时的构成是助动词“have/has+done（过去分词）”。其否定形式为：have/has+not+done(过去分词)；其被动形式为：have/has+been done（过去分词）现在完成时的基本用法：知识要点知识要点(1)表示过去发生的动作，其后果和影响现在仍存在，过去的动作和现
28、在的结果相联系。此时句中常有already,ever,never,yet,just,before等副词作状语，也可不用任何时间状语。例句：I have seen the film The Gold Rush before.我看过电影淘金热。（已看过）(2)表示过去开始并延续到现在的动作或状态。肯定句中只能用延续性动词；否定句中用延续性、终止性动词均可。常和表示一段时间的状语连用，如for two months,since等，也可以表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如this morning,recently,in the past few years等。知识要点知识要点例句：H
29、e has worked here for 20 years.他在这儿工作了20年了。He hasnt spoken English since he left school.自从离开学校他没说过英语。注意：在肯定句中非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要时要用延续性动词或表示状态的动词替换。I have kept/had the new car for a month.我这辆新车买了一个月了。（此时不能用bought）知识要点知识要点Mr Black has been back to China twice since 2006.布莱克先生自2006年以来曾两次回到中国。（此时不能用
30、come back）(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。例句：I will lend you the book as soon as I have finished reading it.我一看完这本书就借给你。(4)与表示不确定的时间状语及包括有现在时间意义在内的状语连用，如already，ever，never，yet，just，recently等。例句：Now Ive got used to having Chinese food.现在我已经习惯吃中国菜了。知识要点知识要点(5)先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时，定语从句常用现在完成时。例句：This is th
31、e most moving story that Ive heard about.这是我听过的最感人的故事。(6)被the first time，several times，again and again等表示次数或重复的状语修饰，所说的又是现在的事情时，用现在完成时（尽管动作行为发生或开始于过去某一时间）。例句：This is the first time that I have been here.这是我第一次到这儿。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】You dont have to play that record so loud,do you？Im sorry._ you？A.Has
32、 it been botheringB.Did it botherC.Will it botherD.Had it bothered【解析解析】句意为：你必须要将录音机的声音开得那么大吗？对不起，一直打扰你了吗？由句意可知应用现在完成进行时，表示在说话人说话的同时动作仍在持续。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Why do you look so worried?My computer broke down and my essay _ since.A.has been left unfinishedB.has left to finish C.was left to finishD.had be
33、en left unfinished【解析解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境“自从电脑出现故障后，我的论文还没完成”可知应用现在完成时。故排除C项和D项；又因essay与leave之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。综述，正确答案为A项。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点With the help of high technology,more and more new substances in the past years.A.discoveredB.have discoveredC.had been discoveredD.have been discovered【解析解析】考查时态、语态。“in
34、the past+时间段”表示“最近多长时间以来”，用现在完成时，而substances与discover之间又是被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动结构。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点This is one of the happiest days _ spent in my life.A.that have ever beenB.that have never beenC.which was everD.which we have never【解析解析】先行词days有最高级the happiest修饰，故引导词只能用that,排除C、D两项；本句句意为：这是我人生中度过的最快乐的日子之一，应
35、为肯定句，故排除B选项，答案为A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Ever since the Greens _ to the countryside half a year ago,the family _ better health.A.move;have been enjoyingB.moved;have enjoyedC.moved;have been enjoyedD.moved;enjoying【解析解析】从句的时间状语为half a year ago,所以第一空应为过去时；主句的时间状语为ever since“自从以来”,应用现在完成时，故答案为B。【答案答案】BThank you!
