1、专题（九）构词法第二篇语法专题突破考点一派生法英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀,从而构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。加在词根前的词缀叫前缀,加在词根后的词缀叫后缀。1.前缀(1)表否定意义的前缀前缀 含义例词un-不 happyunhappy(不高兴的)friendlyunfriendly(不友好的)usualunusual(不寻常的)ableunable(不能的)popularunpopular(不流行的)前缀 含义例词in-不 activeinactive(不积极的)correctincorrect(不正确的)expensiveinexpensive(不贵的)im-不 politeimpo
2、lite(不礼貌的)patientimpatient(没有耐心的)possibleimpossible(不可能的)dis-不 likedislike(不喜欢)appeardisappear(消失)agreedisagree(不同意)non-不;非 smokernon-smoker(非吸烟者)humannon-human(非人类的)nativenon-native(非母语的;非本地的)(2)其他前缀含义例词mis-错误;失误 understandmisunderstand(误解)leadmislead(误导)behaviormisbehavior(行为不端)re-又;再;重新 viewrevie
3、w(复习)writerewrite(重写)inter-相互;交互在一起 netInternet(互联网)nationalinternational(国际的)connectinterconnect(相互关联)前缀含义例词tele-远 phonetelephone(电话)visiontelevision(电视)en-使可能 richenrich(使丰富)ableenable(使能够)a-使处于情况 livealive(活着的)wakeawake(醒着的)sleepasleep(睡着的)2.后缀形式后缀例词形容词副词+-ly widewidelyquietquietly sadsadly slows
4、lowly以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-ly happyhappily angryangrily以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去掉e,再加-y simplesimply terribleterribly少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e,再加-ly truetruly形式后缀例词名词形容词+-y rainrainy healthhealthy wealthwealthy lucklucky+-ly weekweekly lovelovely friendfriendly+-ous dangerdangerous+-ful carecareful useuseful helph
5、elpful+-less useuseless helphelpless carecareless形式后缀例词名词形容词+-ern westwestern southsouthern+-en goldgoldenwoodwooden+-al nationnational其他 ChinaChinese FranceFrench AmericaAmerican CanadaCanadian AsiaAsian centrecentral 形式后缀例词动词形容词+-ed disappointdisappointed interestinterested+-ing followfollowing in
6、terestinteresting+-tive actactivecreatecreative+-able enjoyenjoyable comfortcomfortable suitsuitable形式后缀例词形容词名词+-ness illillness sadsadness kindkindness+-y difficultdifficulty+-ity ableability possiblepossibility+-ce(以t结尾的形容词去t,再加-ce)importantimportance silentsilence differentdifference形式后缀例词动词名词+-e
7、r teachteacher winwinner workworker+-or actactor visitvisitor directdirector+-ion inviteinvitation decidedecision+-ment developdevelopmentmovemovement+-ing fishfishing readreading hearhearing+-ist artartistpianopianisttourtourist sciencescientist其他serve(v.)service(n.)courage(n.)encourage(v.)hot(adj.
8、)heat(n.)safe(adj.)safety(n.)high(adj.)height(n.)highly(adv.)考点二合成法英语中由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。常见的合成法如下：(1)合成名词classroom(名词+名词)blackboard(形容词+名词)(2)合成形容词worldwide(名词+形容词)good-looking(形容词+现在分词)(3)合成动词overcome(副词+动词)(4)合成数词fifty-four(数词+数词)(5)合成代词everybody,somebody,anything(代词+名词)(6)合成副词downstairs(
9、副词+名词)whole-heartedly(形容词+副词)(7)合成介词inside(介词+名词)within(介词+介词)into(介词+介词)考点三转化法英语中把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式有：名词动词,形容词动词,动词名词。(1)名词动词show(n.展览;展示)show(v.表演;展出)water(n.水)water(v.浇水)speed(n.速度)speed(v.加速)(2)形容词动词slow(adj.慢的)slow(v.放慢)(3)动词名词walk(v.散步;走)walk(n.散步)look(v.
10、看)look(n.看)talk(v.谈话)talk(n.谈话)rest(v.休息)rest(n.休息)break(v.打破)break(n.休息)考点过关训练根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Emilys mother didnt allow her to watch her favourite programme Running Man and it made her (happy).2.Im glad to hear that my favourite(sing)has come to our city.3.Are your parents in (agree)that you can
11、deal with it by yourself?4.This dress is (expensive).It will not cost you much.5.Its (possible)to separate Diaoyu Islands from China.6.I bought the computer(simple)because it was cheap.unhappysingeragreementinexpensiveimpossiblesimply7.The Bruce family had to give up camping in the Purple Mountain o
12、n such a(fog)day.8.If you do(care)in the test,you wont get high marks.9.We shall never make such an important (decide)without much thought.10.Not all(wealth)people have to wear expensive clothes and not all clever people have to wear glasses.11.For your(safe),smoking is not allowed during the whole
13、flight.foggycarelesslydecisionwealthysafety考点过关训练12.Blue is a (peace)colour.People often feel quiet in blue rooms.13.As a guide,I must pay attention to all the (tour)safety during their trip.14.Easton LaChappelle,a 19-year-old (invent),built an arm by developing most of the parts through a 3-D printer.15.Stephen Hawking is widely considered as one of the greatest (science)in the world.16.I didnt sleep well and stayed(wake)until the early morning.peacefultouristsinventorscientistsawake考点过关训练
