1、1._ n.共和国，共和政体共和国，共和政体2._ adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的致命的；十足的，彻底的3._ n.省，省份省，省份4._ adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的开阔的5._ n.实验，试验；尝试，实践实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试做试验，进行实验；尝试6._ n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验测试，试验republicdeadlyprovinceexperimentbroadtrial7._ adj.家庭用的，家用的，家务的家庭用的，家用的，家务的 n.一家人，家
2、庭一家人，家庭8._ vt.延迟，延期延迟，延期9._ n.错误，差错错误，差错10._ n.意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇11._ n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见学说，论；原理；看法，意见12._ n.金属金属13._ vi.&vt.充电；收费；控告；谴责；充电；收费；控告；谴责；使使承承担责任；使充满担责任；使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管收费；控告；谴责；掌管postponeerroraccidenttheorymetalchargehousehold14._ adj.突出的突出的 n.突出的人（或物）突出的人（或物）15._ n.炸弹；核武器炸弹；核武器
3、 vt.轰炸轰炸16._ n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的17._ n.赞扬，认可；信用赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把存入金额；把归于归于18._ vt.取消，取消，使无效；否认，否定使无效；否认，否定19._ n.自由自由20._ n.交通工具，车辆；手段，工具交通工具，车辆；手段，工具21._ vt.&vi.赚得；获利；赢得赚得；获利；赢得22._ n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态结婚，婚姻；已婚状态bombevilcreditnegatefreedomauthoritynationalitystandoutmarriag
4、e1.survive v.生存；幸存生存；幸存 _ n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 _ n.幸存者幸存者2.intend vt.&vi.想要，计划；意指想要，计划；意指 _ n.打算，计划打算，计划3.refer v.查阅，参考；提到，谈及查阅，参考；提到，谈及 _ n.提到，谈及；参考，查阅；参考书目提到，谈及；参考，查阅；参考书目survivalintentionsurvivorreference4.limit n.限度；极限；范围限度；极限；范围 _ adj.有限的有限的5.contain v.容纳容纳 _ n.容器；集装箱，货柜容器；集装箱，货柜6.suf
5、ficient adj.足够的，充足的足够的，充足的 _ adv.充足地，足够地充足地，足够地 _ n.充足，充裕，足量充足，充裕，足量7.wise adj.明智的明智的 _ adv.明智地明智地 _ n.智慧，才智，明智；知识，学问智慧，才智，明智；知识，学问limitedcontainersufficientlysufficiencywiselywisdom8.benefit n.优势；益处优势；益处 v.使获益使获益 _ adj.有益的，有用的有益的，有用的9.conduct vt.&vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 _ n.指挥；售票员；列车长指挥；售票员
6、；列车长10.illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于说明，解释；加插图于 _ n.说明，解释；插图说明，解释；插图11.surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与围绕，环绕；包围；与紧密紧密相关相关 _ adj.周围的；附近的周围的；附近的 _ n.环境环境beneficialconductorsurroundingillustrationsurroundings12.indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出表明；暗示；提及；指出 _ n.指示器，指示信号指示器，指示信号 _ n.表明，标示，象征表明，标示，象征13.intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的
7、有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 _ n.智力；情报智力；情报 _ adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n.知识分子，脑力劳动者知识分子，脑力劳动者14.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 _ adj.赞同的；有利的赞同的；有利的 _ adj.特别受喜爱的特别受喜爱的indicationindicatorintelligencefavourablefavouriteintellectual15.politician n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 _ adj.政治的，政
8、党的，对政治感兴趣的，政治的，政党的，对政治感兴趣的，争权夺利的争权夺利的 _ adv.政治地，政党地政治地，政党地 _ n.政治，权术，政治信仰，政治学政治，权术，政治信仰，政治学16.electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的电的，发电的，电动的 _ n.电，电能电，电能 _ adj.用电的，供电的，电能的用电的，供电的，电能的 _ adv.电力地，有关电地电力地，有关电地politicspoliticalelectricitypoliticallyelectricalelectrically17.involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；（使）参加包含；牵涉，影响；（使）参加 _ ad
9、j.参与其中的；有关联的参与其中的；有关联的 _ n.参与；投入参与；投入18.science n.科学科学 _ adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 _ adv.合乎科学地合乎科学地 _ n.科学家科学家scientificinvolvedscientificallyinvolvementscientist19.moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n.品行，道德；寓意品行，道德；寓意 _ n.道德，道德准则道德，道德准则 _ adv.道德上；道义上道德上；道义上 _ adj.不道德的，邪恶的不道德的，邪恶的 _ n.不
10、道德不道德 _ adv.不道德地，品行不良地不道德地，品行不良地20.apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关应用；申请；涂；有关 _ n.申请，请求，申请书申请，请求，申请书 _ n.申请人申请人immoralmoralityimmoralitymorallyimmorallyapplicationapplicant21.mystery n.神秘；神秘的人（或事物）；悬疑作品神秘；神秘的人（或事物）；悬疑作品 _ n.道德，道德准则道德，道德准则22.ignore vt.忽视；不理睬忽视；不理睬 _ n.无知无知 _ adj.无知的无知的23.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许
11、可；使有可能允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证许可证 _ n.允许，许可允许，许可ignorantmysteriouspermissionignorance24.responsible adj.负责的负责的 _ adj.不负责的不负责的 _ n.责任；负责；职责，义务责任；负责；职责，义务 _ adv.负责任地负责任地 _ adv.不负责任地不负责任地25.declare vt.宣布；公布宣布；公布 _ n.宣布；公告宣布；公告irresponsibleresponsibilityresponsiblyirresponsiblydeclaration26.evolve v.进化；逐渐演变进
12、化；逐渐演变 _ n.进化；演变，发展进化；演变，发展27.publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布出版，发行；发表；公布 _ n.出版人，出版机构，发行人，出版人，出版机构，发行人，发行机构发行机构evolutionpublisher1._ 查阅，参考；提到，谈及查阅，参考；提到，谈及2._（使）加速（使）加速3._ 成功，奏效，达到目的成功，奏效，达到目的4._ 反复试验反复试验5._ 死于死于6._ 的治疗方法的治疗方法7._ 放弃放弃8._ 利用；凭借；动用利用；凭借；动用refer tospeed uppay offthrough trial and errordie of/fr
13、omcure forgive updraw on9._ 对对有益处有益处 10._ 偶然，意外地偶然，意外地11._ 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响12._ 使某人失望使某人失望13._ 关于，至于关于，至于14._ 想当然地认为，想当然地认为，认为认为是理所当然是理所当然15._ 提出，提议，建议提出，提议，建议16._ 从事，致力于从事，致力于be beneficial toby accidentwith a banglet sb.downas totake it for grantedput forwardwork on17._ 使使处于危险中处于危险中 18.
14、_ 归功于归功于19._ 给给提供提供20._ 促成，促使促成，促使21._ 因为因为而成立而成立22._ 给给留空间留空间to the credit ofput at riskprovide withlead tobe born out ofleave room for1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malari
15、a,one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(P45)不定式短语作后置定语不定式短语作后置定语2.However,it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments.(P47)notuntil 用于强调句中用于强调句中 It is+被强调成分被强调成分 +that.It is+not until.+that.直到直到才才3.Never concerned that the answer may
16、let us down,with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.find+宾语宾语+宾补结构宾补结构1.survival n.生存；存活；残存物，幸存事物生存；存活；残存物，幸存事物 Thanks to her discovery of qinhaosu,malaria patients all over the world now have had a
17、greatly increased chance of survival.(P44)survivor n.幸存者，生还者幸存者，生还者survive v.活下来，幸存活下来，幸存survive from+时间时间 从从存留下来存留下来survive on sth.(=live on sth.)依靠依靠生活生活survive sth.幸免于幸免于，从，从中艰难中艰难度过度过【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of _.Last week thanks to
18、 the skills he and his friend succeeded in _ the severe floods and they were the only two _(survive)2)My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa _ ten years.survivalsurvivingsurvivorsby3)After all,not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts,feelings,and most importantly,eq
19、ual rights _(survive).4)The _(survive)of the boy is uncertain.He is badly hurt and may die.to survivesurvival2.intend vt.&vi.想要，计划；意指想要，计划；意指 In the 1960s,many people were dying of malaria,and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.(P44)intend to do/doing sth.打
20、算做某事打算做某事intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事打算让某人做某事be intended for sb./sth.是为某人是为某人/某物而设计的某物而设计的intend that 打算打算intention n.意图意图,目的目的;打算打算have no intention of doing sth.无意做某事无意做某事;不打算做某事不打算做某事【语境应用语境应用】完成句子完成句子/翻译句子翻译句子。1)Seeing the boy trapped in trouble,she intended _(give)him a hand.2)I have no _(inten
21、d)of retiring just yet.3)我打算在那儿过夜。我打算在那儿过夜。to give/givingintentionI intend to spend the night there.3.limited adj.有限的有限的 However,it was hard to produce enough qinhao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.(P45)1)limit vt.限定限定,限制限制 n.限制限制,限度限度limit.to.把把限制在限制在范围内范围内 be limit
22、ed to.局限于局限于a time/speed/age limit 时间时间/速度速度/年龄限制年龄限制 within limits 在某种程度上在某种程度上;有一定限制有一定限制 set a limit on 对对加以限制加以限制 beyond the limit 超过限度超过限度2)limitation n.限制；控制限制；控制【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)My wife and I _(定了一个限额定了一个限额)on how much we spend on clothes.2)I _ two cups of coffee a day.我一天只允许自己喝两杯咖啡。我一天只
23、允许自己喝两杯咖啡。3)They told us that we could do whatever we liked,_(在一定限度内在一定限度内).4)门票数量有限。门票数量有限。There are only a limited number of tickets available.set a limitlimit myself towithin(certain)limits4.benefit n.好处，益处，利益好处，益处，利益 v.有助于，有益于，受益有助于，有益于，受益 beneficial adj.有益的，有用的有益的，有用的As a key part of many malar
24、ia medicines,qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.Perhaps the next generation of scientists,drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine,will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.(P45)be of benefit to 对对有好处有好处for the benefit of sb.=for
25、sb.s benefit 为帮助某人，为了某人的利益为帮助某人，为了某人的利益benefit sb./sth.使使受益受益benefit from/by 受益于，从受益于，从中得到好处中得到好处be of great benefit=be very beneficial to对对有益有益(to为介词为介词)【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the over
26、all effects of the publicity have been more _(benefit)that harmful.(2021新高考新高考I卷卷)2)If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment,youre missing some of its biggest _(benefit).(2020江苏高考江苏高考)benefitsbeneficial3)As a result,_ the benefit of your health,it is necessary that you should have enoug
27、h sleep and rest.4)You can also go over the knowledge at the same time and you are sure to benefit _ it.fromfor一句多译。一句多译。新鲜空气对我们的健康有益。新鲜空气对我们的健康有益。Fresh air is beneficial to our health.Fresh air is of benefit to our health.Fresh air benefits our health.Our health benefits from fresh air.完成句子。完成句子。1)
28、It is obvious that doing eye exercises _,and that is to say,our eyes can _ eye exercises.很明显，做眼保健操有益于我们的眼睛，也就是说，我们的很明显，做眼保健操有益于我们的眼睛，也就是说，我们的眼睛会受益于眼保健操。眼睛会受益于眼保健操。2)_ to eyesight to do eye exercises.(beneficial)做眼保健操对视力有益。做眼保健操对视力有益。benefits our eyesbenefit from doingIt is beneficial to5.surround vt
29、.围绕；环绕；包围；围绕；环绕；包围；与与紧密相关紧密相关 He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.(P48)surround by/with 用用包围包围be surrounded by/with 被被包围包围surround oneself with sb./sth.和某人和某人/某事物在一起某事物在一起surrounding adj.周围的周围的,附近的附近的 surrounded adj.被包围的被包围的surroundings n.环境环境；周围的事物；周围的事物【语境应用语境应用】用用surroun
30、d的正确形式填空。的正确形式填空。1)Ten years ago the field _ by trees.2)When the thief found himself _ by so many people,he had to give in.3)I need to work in pleasant _.4)The towns water comes from the _ hills.was surroundedsurrounded surroundingssurrounding单句语法填空。单句语法填空。5)And when he saw the mists rising from the
31、 river and the soft clouds 69._(surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.(2020 全国全国III)surrounding完成句子完成句子 1)The firemen _ _ _ _(包包围了着火的房子围了着火的房子)as soon as they arrived.2)The whole town _ _ _ _(由由水环绕水环绕)in the past,making it very beautiful.3)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp,w
32、hich _(surround)by a high wire fence.(2020 浙江浙江)was surrounded by/with watersurrounded the burning house was surrounded 6.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 Fortune favours the prepared mind.(P48)1)in favour of 同意；支持，赞同同意；支持，赞同 in ones favour 有利于某人；有利于某人；对对有利有利2)ask sb.a favour=
33、ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙请某人帮忙 do sb.a favour=give sb.a hand 帮某人忙帮某人忙 owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情欠某人一个人情 favourite adj.最喜爱的最喜爱的 n.最喜爱的人或物最喜爱的人或物favourable adj.赞成的；有力的赞成的；有力的【语境应用语境应用】完成句完成句子。子。1)Could you _ _ _ _(帮我帮我一个忙一个忙)and pick up Sam from school today?2)Everyone in the class voted _ _ _ _ _(赞同这个建议赞
34、同这个建议).do me a favour in favourof this suggestion单句语法填空单句语法填空3)As for my _(favour)figure in Chinese history,it must be Wei Yuan,a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.4)When circumstances are _(favour),we must not forget that there will still be difficulties.favouritefavourable7.charge vi.&vt.充电；收
35、费；控告；谴责；使充电；收费；控告；谴责；使承承担责任；担责任；使充满使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管收费；控告；谴责；掌管 When a thunderstorm approached,the lightning would charge the key.(P49)1)in charge of 控制控制/管理管理 in the charge of 由由负责；负责；受受的管理的管理 take charge of 掌管，负责掌管，负责2)free of charge 免费免费3)charge sb.for sth.为某物向某人收取费用为某物向某人收取费用charge sb.with(doing
36、)sth.控告某人控告某人(做做)某事某事【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空1)He was charged _ causing a disturbance after the game.2)How much do you charge _ work of this type?3)My uncle is _ charge of a local hospital.withforin完成句子。完成句子。1)Your order will be delivered _(免费免费)within a tenmile limit.2)They charged me five dollars _
37、a cup of coffee.3)The project is _(在在掌管之下掌管之下)an experienced engineer.4)The man arrested by the police _(被指控被指控)stealing.was charged withfree of chargeforin the charge of8.involve v.包含，需要包含，需要 I had to ask myself,“Is there some evil involved in science?”(P53)get/be involved in 参与；卷入；聚精会神于参与；卷入；聚精会神于
38、involve doing sth 包含做某事包含做某事involve sb in(doing)sth 使某人参与使某人参与(做做)某事某事involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的复杂的；有牵连的；有关的be/get involved in 使卷入使卷入之中之中；热衷于；专心于；热衷于；专心于【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全句子。【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全句子。1)There was a serious traffic incident _(涉及一群年轻人涉及一群年轻人).2)Tom _(热衷于集邮热衷于集邮).3)_(家务事包括做饭家务事包括做饭),washing d
39、ishes,sweeping and cleaning.involving a group of youthsis involved in collecting stampsHousework involves cooking9.apply vi.&vt.应用；申请；涂；有关应用；申请；涂；有关 Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.(P53)apply(to.)for.(向向)申请申请 ap
40、ply.to.把把应用于应用于；把把贴贴/涂涂/敷到敷到 apply to.适用于适用于apply oneself to./apply ones minds to.致力于致力于，专心于，专心于【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)His _(apply)for membership of the organization was rejected.2)Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine _ it.3)Later I decided to apply my previous ex
41、perience to _(learn)how to read and write.application to learning application n.申请；申请书；适用申请；申请书；适用applicant n.申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）4)All _(apply)must have a drivers license and access to a car.(2021天津高考天津高考)5)You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the _(apply)form
42、.(2021北京高考北京高考)applicantsapplication10.freedom n.自由自由 But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science.(P54)have the freedom to do sth.有做某事的自由有做某事的自由freedom of speech/expression/choice 言论言论/表达表达/选择的自由权选择的自由权individual freedom 个人自由个人自由
43、freedom from sth.从某事物中摆脱从某事物中摆脱free adj.自由的；免费的自由的；免费的 v.使自由使自由 adv.免费地免费地keep free from/of 使使不含不含(有害物有害物)be free of 不含不含的的free of charge 免费免费setfree 释放释放free and easy 自由自在自由自在Be as free as a bird 自由自在自由自在【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空1)She gives me the freedom _ make mistakes and to learn from them all.(20
44、21年全国高考乙卷年全国高考乙卷 听力材料听力材料)2)Many lessons are now available online,from which students can choose _ free.3)As children grow,they get more _(free)to make their own choices.toforfreedom11.permit vt.&vi.允许；准许；许可；使有可能允许；准许；许可；使有可能 n.许可证许可证 Permit us to questions to doubt to not be sure.(P54)permit sb.to
45、do sth 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事允许做某事permit of 容许容许(常用于否定句常用于否定句)permission n.允许允许;许可许可with/without permission 获得获得/未经允许未经允许ask for permission 请求允许请求允许【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)Employees are permitted _(use)the golf course during their free hours.2)The visitors are reminded that the museu
46、m doesnt permit _(smoke).3)You should know that no photos are to be taken of the exhibits without _(permit).to usesmokingpermission翻译句子。翻译句子。1)他不允许我们现在离开。他不允许我们现在离开。2)在我的房间里不准抽烟。在我的房间里不准抽烟。3)没有通行证，任何人都不能进入这栋楼。没有通行证，任何人都不能进入这栋楼。He doesnt permit us to leave now.I dont permit smoking in my room./No smo
47、king is permitted in my room.Anyone cant enter the building without a permit.12.responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务责任，负责；职责，义务 It is our responsibility as scientists,knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought,to declare the value of this freedom (P54)have responsibility for(doing)st
48、h.有有(做做)某事的责任某事的责任Its ones responsibility to do sth.某人有责任做某事某人有责任做某事take responsibility for(doing)sth.承担承担(做做)某事的责任某事的责任escape/avoid responsibility 逃避逃避/回避责任回避责任a sense of responsibility 责任感责任感 responsible adj.有责任，负责；可靠的有责任，负责；可靠的 be responsible for 对对负责任负责任 responsibility n.责任责任 irresponsible adj.不
49、负责任的不负责任的【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空1)Parents need to inspire a sense of _(responsible)the education of their children.2)No one wants to take responsibility _ the problem.3)You have responsibility for _(inform)us of any changes.=Its your responsibility _(inform)us of any changes.4)Residents are responsib
50、le _ keeping their rooms,kitchens and shower rooms clean and tidy.(2019天津天津)responsibilityinformingforto informfor5)The report on the accident showed that the bus driver should be _(response).6)Each of us must take _(responsible)for our own actions.7)Even where parents no longer live together,they e
