1、Unit4 Scientists who changed the worldGrammar and usage-V-ed01Content02动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式的句法功能动词的-ed形式的特征Observe the following sentences and guess the features of them.Everything considered,his plan seems better.Given enough care,the children can cooperate better.Greatly encouraged,we made up our m
2、inds to carry on the hard work.Not treated in time,the injured woman died soon.带有自己的主语带有自己的宾语带有自己的状语动词的-ed形式保留动词的许多特征，在句中可带有自己的状语和逻辑主语，带双宾语的及物动词-ed形式还可以有自己的宾语。其否定式式在其前加not。动词的-ed形式的句法功能动词的-ed形式具有副词、形容词的特征，在句中可作表语、定语、补足语、状语等成分。1.作表语动词的-ed形式作表语，表示主语的某种性质、状态或感受，有些已经形容词化了。The shop has remained shut for
3、a week.All the people present were already seated,waiting for the conference to start.All of us were moved to tear at the sorrowful story.2.作定语单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词的前面。（1）过去分词作定语的位置The ground was covered with fallen leaves.People shouldnt be exposed to polluted water.过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句
4、。I was instructed to carry out a plan suported by most people.=I was instructed to carry out a plan which was supported by most people.注意有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。l in the given time 在既定的时间内l with the words given 用所给的时间l a concerned look 关切的神情l the people concerned 有关人士l This is a used car.这是一辆二手汽车。l The
5、 method used is very efficient.所用的这个方法很有效。（2）过去分词作定语的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作已经完成，不表示被动；及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动或者完成。l a retired teacher 退休老师l fallen leaves 落叶l the risen sun 升起的太阳l an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人l deeply moved people 深受感动的人们l the broken glass 碎了的杯子l the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题现在分词与过去分
6、词作定语的区别现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。The woman standing beside him is his secretary.She showed me the book recommended by the professor.the woman与stand之间是主动关系the book 与recommend 之间是被动关系 现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。The changing world 正在发生变化的世界the changed world 已经变化了的世界Exercises _(worry)about their childrens
7、safety,the_(concern)parents together with the teachers went into the mountains in search of the_(lose)students.The _(confuse)expresssion on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the _(confuse)problem.You cant accept an opinion _(offer)to you unless it is based on facts.2020.全国I卷 As a r
8、esult,she says,some of the injuries_(associate)with running,such as runners knee,are uncommon among race walkers.Worriedconcernedlostconfusedconfusingofferedassociated The workers_(injure)in the accident are being taken good care care of in the hospital.2020.全国I卷 Lighting accounts for about 7%of the
9、 total electricity_(consume)in the US.injuredconsumed3.作状语过去分词（短语）作状语，表示动作发生的背景或者情况，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词（短语）在剧中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。（1）表示时间：过去分词（短语）作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。Asked about his inpression of the apartment,he made no answer.=When he was asked about his impression of the apartment,he made on an
10、swer.(2)表示原因：过去分词（短语）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。l Seriously injured,he had to be taken to the hospital.=Because he was seriously injured,he had to be taken to the hospital.l Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.=Because they were deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.(3)表示条件：过去分词
11、（短语）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。United,we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。团结则存，分裂则亡。=If we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall.(4)表示让步：过去分词（短语）作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。Rejected many times,he didnt lose heart.=Though he was rejected many times,he didnt lose heart.(5)表示方式或者伴随:过去分词（短语）作方式或者伴随状语，可以转换成一个并列句。The
12、 boy slid out of his room,followed by his pet dog.那个男孩子溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物。那个男孩子溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物。=The boy slid out of his room and was followed by his pet dog.注意：过去分词（短语）作状语，前面可以带有相应的连词（词组），如：when,until,though,although,as if,as though,if,unless等，表示时间、方式、让步、条件等。When(they are)exposed to light,potatoes will t
13、urn green.马铃薯在光照下会变绿。马铃薯在光照下会变绿。句子主语跟过去分词（短语）之间存在被动关系，跟现在分词（短语）之间存在主动关系。l Caught in a heavy rain,he was late for the interview.l Looking out of the window,I saw some students sweeping up the bits of paper.过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子主语一致。若不一致，要在分词前面加上它自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。l If caught,the police will punish th
14、e thief.l If caught,the thief will be punished by the police.l The boy rushed into th eclassroom,his face covered with sweat.(his face是cover的逻辑主语)Exercises _(guide)by an artist,the girl made great progress._(press)from his parents,and _(realize)that he has wasted too much time,the boy is determined
15、to stop playing computer games.If_(heat),water will turn into vapour._(absorb)in paiting,John didnt notice evening approaching.2020.全国II卷_(surround)by green trees,the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.2020.北京卷Ordinary soap,_(use)correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.2016
16、.北京卷_(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.GuidedPressedrealizingheatedAbsorbedSurroundedusedOrdered4.作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能接过去分词作宾补否认动词主要有两类：感官动词和使役动词。用法例句用在表示某种状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。l They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了很
17、长一段时间。他们把门锁了很长一段时间。l Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直这样破着。不要让窗户一直这样破着。I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。在”make+宾语+过去分词“结构中，过去分词表示结果。用法例句“have/get+宾语+过去分词”结构可表示两种含义：使某事被做（让别人做或者主语自己做）。遭遇某种不幸l I had my bike repaired.我让人修了我的自行车。我让人修了我的自
18、行车。l Mary had her watch stolen the other day.玛丽的手表前几天被人偷了。玛丽的手表前几天被人偷了。用在感官动词watch,see,hear,notice,feel等的后面作宾语补足语；此外，find也有此用法。l When we got to school,we saw the gate locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见大门锁着。当我们到学校时，我们看见大门锁着。l We can hear the windows beaten by heavy rain drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。在want
19、,wish,like,expect,oeder等表示“希望，愿望，命令”的动词后作宾补。l I want the car fixed today.我想要这辆汽车今天就被修好。我想要这辆汽车今天就被修好。l Everyone wishes the matter settled as soon as possible.人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。用法例句在”with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。l The thief was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在
20、后面。小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在后面。l With the difficult problem handled,the boss smiled with satisfaction.解决了这个问题，老板满意地笑了。解决了这个问题，老板满意地笑了。ExercisesThe meeting room was found thoroughly _(clean)and everything arranged in good order.I would like this matter_(settle)at once.He got his tooth_(pull)out yesterday.The man
21、ager was satisfied to see many new products_(develop)after great effort.cleanedsettledpulleddeveloped基础知识自测1.2002.新高考全国I卷 But in half the cases she wore a specially_(design)fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.2.2020.江苏卷 Technological innovations,_(combine)with good marketing,will promo
22、te the sales of these products.3.2020.新高考全国I卷 An actor_(hire)by the researchers grabbed her food first.4.2020.全国卷III卷 _(fill)with curiosity,the artist packed his bags and left.5.2020.全国I卷_(publish)in 1964,its his classic memoir(回忆录)of 1920s Paris.6.2020.全国III卷They make great gifts and you see them m
23、any times_(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.designedcombinedhiredFilledPublisheddecoratedI 单句语法填空1._(establish)with part of the heritage of Alfred Bernard Nobel,a famous Swedish chemist,as the foundation,the Nobel Prize is divided 2._five awards:physics,chemistry,physiology o
24、r medicine,literature and peace.It is awaded to those 3._(make)great contributions to mankind in these fields in the previos year 4._(base)on the annual interest or investment income of the foundation.With a gold medal,certificate and prize money 5._(include),the Nobel Prize was first awarded in 190
25、1.Since then,except for 6._(interrupt)years during wartime,the Nobel Prizes 7._(give)in grand ceremonies in Stockholm,Sweden,and Oslo,Norway.People find the award ceremonies 8._(hold)in the afternoon because Nobel passed away at 4:30 p.m.on December10,1896.In order to memorize the scientists 9._(devote)to human progress and civilization,the ceremony was held at the time of his death in 1901.II 语篇填空Establishedintomakingbasedincludedinterruptedhave been givenhelddevotedContributions in literature and medicine made Mo Yan and Tu Youyou 10._(award)the Nobel Prize in 2012 and 2015.awarded
