1、第六节 介词 介词是一种虚词,用来表示词与词之间,词与句之间的关系,在句中不能单独作句子成分。中考对介词的考查主要集中在：(1)表示时间的介词;(2)表示方位和运动方向的介词;(3)常用介词用法辨析;(4)介词与其他词类的搭配。1.in(1)在时间内(星期、月、季节、年份；上午,下午,晚上)：in March,in Spring,in the morning(2)在大地点范围内：in China，in the world(3)在一段时间后：I will return to my hometown in a week.(4)用语言：Can you say it in English?(5)穿衣服
2、：The woman in blue is my mother.(6)在某方面：His brother does well in maths.考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法2.on(1)在上方（与物体有接触）：There is a book on my desk.(2)在时间（具体某一天）：on Monday,on May Day,on a spring morning(3)关于：This lecture is on science.(4)在一边：on the left,on the right3.at(1)在地点（较小的地方）：at the airport,at ho
3、me,at school考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法(2)在时间点：at 4 oclock,at this time(3)在 方面:She is good at dancing.(4)朝方向：point at the tree(5)表示速度与价格：You should drive a car at a high speed.(6)对感到（情绪）：He is surprised at the news.4.by乘坐交通工具:We often go to work by bus.(2)用于被动语态：The cake is made by myself.考点考点 1 常见介
4、词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法(3)通过方式：We improve our English by speaking as much as possibly.(4)在附近：The lady is sitting by the window.(5)用 时间之前：They had finished the task by ten last night.(6)从旁边经过：Lauran passes by the post office every day.5.for(1)一段时间：We have stayed here for a week.考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法(
5、2)为，给，适合于（对象）：These books are suitable for children.(3)由于，表示原因：Polar bears cant feel cold for its warm coat.(4)对于:Swimming is good for our body.(5)前往某地：They will leave for London tomorrow.6.of(1)表从属关系，属于:a friend of his考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法(2)由于，因为：die of disease/because of her illness(3)某部分，或
6、全部：Every of them passed this exam.(4)表示某种性质或内容：a basket of apples(5)表示数量和种类：all kinds of flowers,a cup of tea(6)关于，对于：hear of(7)表示同位：a city of Beijing考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法7.about(1)大约：It is about 100 meters high.(2)关于：The film is about scientists.8.over(1)在上方：There is a bridge over the river.(
7、2)超过：Over 10 students go to school by bike in our class.(3)越过：climb over the high mountain(4)遍布于：all over the world考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法9.to(1)给:Please give history book to me.(2)对:be kind to sb.(3)到:go to the zoo(4)差多少时间：twenty to five10.with(1)和一起：My brother sometimes plays football with me.
8、(2)有:(表伴随状态)：a girl with a pair of glasses/a house with three rooms考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法(3)用工具：cut watermelons with knives(4)随着：With these words,the man came into the room.11.without没有：I went to work without breakfast this morning.12.穿过，通过，经过：(1)across（表面通过）:The dog swam across the other side
9、of river.考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法(2)through（空间中穿过）:The red car goes fast through the tunnel.(3)past（路过，经过）:half past nine13.since(1)自从以来：since then,since 1949(2)由于，既然：He was late for school since he got a cold.考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法14.除了(1)besides(包含在内，除之外还有)：We are all here besides Tom.（包括T
10、om在内大家都到了。）(2)except(除外)：We are all here except Tom.(除了Tom之外，大家都到了。)(3)but:相当于except,但but通常与表示否定的不定代词连用。There is a nothing in the room but a bed.考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法(4)except for(表示整体除去其中的一部分)：Her composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.15.after(1)在之后：After school,Simon joined
11、the army.(2)跟随：run after16.before(1)在地点之前：He stood before me.考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法(2)在时间之前:I didnt go to bed before I finished the homework.17.behind(在后面)：a bloom behind the door18.beside(在旁边)：a park beside my house19.在之间(1)between(两者之间):I sit between Lucy and Lily.(2)among(三者或以上之间):I am sitti
12、ng among the trees.考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法20.around(1)大约：She is around 30 years old.(2)在周围，环绕着：The moon goes around the earth.21.as 作为：As a student,I should obey the school rules.22.under 在下方：a ball under the table考点考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法常见介词的意义和用法1.与动词搭配:consist of 由组成 dream of 梦想 get rid of 摆脱 think
13、of(about)思考 instead of 代替；而不是 be made of(or from)由制成receive from 接到 suffer from 生（病）separate from 把分开 believe in 相信 be interested in 有兴趣 base on 在基础上 depend on 依靠 rely on 依靠 belong to属于考点考点2 常见的介词搭配常见的介词搭配challenge to 向挑战 compare with 与比较 listen to 听 prefer to 更喜欢 arrive at(in)到达 look at 看 stare at
14、盯看 ask for 请求 apologize for 因道歉look for 寻找 pay for 为付款 prepare for 准备 search for 寻求 thank for 感谢 wait for 等候agree with 同意 communicate with 与交流考点考点 2 常见的介词搭配常见的介词搭配2.与名词搭配:at first 首先 at last 最后 at that moment 在那时刻 at table 在吃饭 at most 至多 at least 至少at home 在家 at school 在学校 by accident 偶然；意外地by bus 乘
15、坐公交车 all kinds of 各种各样的 by the way顺便提一下in the end 最后；终于 in fact事实上 in time 及时 in surprise 惊讶地 考点考点 2 常见的介词搭配常见的介词搭配in all 总共 in trouble 处于困境in a hurry 匆忙地 in the open air 在户外 in line 排成一行 in bed 在床上 in hospital 在医院 on foot步行on the way to 在去的途中 on duty 值日 on holidays 在假期里on show 展出；展览 on ones own 独自地
16、 on time 准时with the help of 在的帮助下to ones surprise 使惊讶的是考点考点 2 常见的介词搭配常见的介词搭配3.与其他词搭配:be angry with 生某人的气 be keen on 喜爱 be fond of 喜欢be interested in 对感兴趣 be happy with 对感到满意be famous for 因而闻名 be busy with 忙于be amazed at 对感到惊异 be made of 由制成（可看到原材料）be made from由制成（不能看到原材料）考点考点 2 常见的介词搭配常见的介词搭配be made
17、 by 由制造be made into 被制造成 be made up of 由组成be made in 在制造 be late for 迟到 be proud of 为感到骄傲be strict about/with 对要求严格 be different from 与不同be short of 缺乏 be sure of 确信 考点考点 2 常见的介词搭配常见的介词搭配be ashamed of 感到羞耻 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 do well in 在某方面做得好come up with 想出 catch up with 赶上；追上 get on wel
18、l with 与相处融洽考点考点 2 常见的介词搭配常见的介词搭配1.in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上on a cold morning 在某个寒冷的早上（某天的早上）2.in front of 在（范围外的）前面in the front of 在（范围内的）前面3.in 和after 接一段时间表示“在之后”，前者用将来时，后者用过去时。The boys will return to hometown in an hour.The boys went to the hometown after an hour.考点考点 3 介词的常见考点介
19、词的常见考点4.by,in和with 表示“用”,by表示用“手段、方法”；in表示用“语言”；with表示用“工具”。We can communicate by body language.He can read it in English.Copy down these with pens.5.across指从物体表面通过；through指从物体空间穿过。They walked across the road quickly.They walked through the forest safely.考点考点 3 介词的常见考点介词的常见考点6.except 除外；besides 除之外，
20、还有Students go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.Besides swimming,I like jogging.7.between(两者之间)；among（三者或以上之间）There is a bridge between London and Paris.The old man is sitting among the kids.考点考点 3 介词的常见考点介词的常见考点8.in,on,to 表示方位，但含义不同。Shenzhen lies in the south of Guangdong province.Guan
21、gdong lies on the south of Hunan.Japan lies to the east of China.9.for 接时间段，since 接时间点。He has been in the city for a long time.He has been in the city since two days ago.考点考点 3 介词的常见考点介词的常见考点10.arrive in接大地点；arrive at 接小地方；get to 加地点；reach直接加地点。arrive in Shenzhen/arrive at the airport/get to the airport/reach the airport考点考点 3 介词的常见考点介词的常见考点
