1、Function as a NOUN in a sentence.Question:What is the function of a noun in a sentence?名词在句中可以充当什么成分名词在句中可以充当什么成分?Noun ClausesNoun Clauses 主语从句主语从句Subject Clause 名词性从句名词性从句 Noun Clause 宾语从句宾语从句Object Clause 表语从句表语从句Predicative Clause 同位语从句同位语从句Appositive ClauseWhat kind of clauses are they?What the
2、driver of the yellow car did made me extremely angry.Why she did this is still unknown.Its hard to forget what we have learned in his classes.Please dont tell my mother when Ill give her my gift.Subject ClausesObject ClausesThats why I cant follow you.The problem is that its very hard to catch your
3、words.The fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised.There is no doubt that it will rain tomorrow.Predictive ClausesAppositive Clauses引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词 可分为三类：可分为三类：1.连接代词：连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which(不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分.)2.that,if,w
4、hether 3.连接副词：连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however1.(1)The earth goes around the sun is known to us.(2)That the earth goes around the sun is known to us.2.(1)That he told me is true.(2)What he told me is true.主语从句主语从句Subject Clause一。当主语从句句意完整，用一。当主语从句句意完整，用“that”that”引导从句。引导从句。缺少主语或宾语时，
5、用缺少主语或宾语时，用what,who,whichwhat,who,which 等。等。1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the money is to be found out.5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.7 When theyll start the
6、 project has not been decided yet.二。主谓一致问题二。主谓一致问题What I am most interested in are American moviesWhat you said yesterday is right.主语是名词性从句主语是名词性从句,动词通常用动词通常用单数单数。用用 it 作形式主语，作形式主语，that引导的从句是句子引导的从句是句子的真正主语。的真正主语。有以下四种不同的结构：有以下四种不同的结构：a.It+be+形容词形容词+that-从句从句It is necessary that有必要有必要 It is importan
7、t that重要的是重要的是It is obvious that很明显很明显三。主语从句常用三。主语从句常用it it作形式主语放句首作形式主语放句首b.It+be+-ed 分词分词+that-从句从句It is believed that人们相信人们相信It is known to all that众所周知众所周知It has been decided that已决定已决定 c.It+be+名词名词+that-从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实
8、是事实是d.It+不及物动词不及物动词+that-分句分句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 She did not know what had happened.动词间接宾语宾语从句动词间接宾语宾语从句 She told me that she would accept my inv
9、itation.宾语从句宾语从句Object Clause 2.作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：作宾语：anxious,certain,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content 等。等。3.作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语
10、I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.注意 在在主主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句从句(真正真正宾语宾语)的句型中的句型中不省略不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say.由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导引导 的宾语从句中的宾语从句中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略.He told me（that）he would come and that he would come on time.He told us once again that he woul
11、d never give up.that从句被其他的词分开时，that不能省。二.I wonder when will they go out to go shopping.they will名词性从句用陈述句语序。1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or n
12、ot he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8._he will come,I dont know.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether三.1.I dont know whether he will come here.2.I dont know if he will come here.3.If he
13、 will come here I dont know.1.Whether:宾语，主语，同位语，表语从句中，或与 不定时连用。2.if：只引导宾语从句。3.2.Whether 不能被if 取代的情况：4.（1）I worry about whether he can pass through the exam.5.(2)I dont care whether you like the plan or not.6.（3）I dont know whether to go or stay.7.（4）We were discussing whether we should discuss the b
14、usiness with them.8.（5）whether he will come here,I dont know.(1)介词宾语(2)后有or not(3)后接 to do(4)discuss 后的宾语从句 四四.It 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语I like it when the weather is clear.Dont take it for granted that your parents do all for you.See to it(make sure that)that you turn off the lights when you leave the roo
15、m.I doubt that I dont doubt whether/if 6.混合宾语从句What do you think/guess/expect/believe he needs?7.check/make sure+that 汉语中译成“是否”在一个句子中由一个句子充当的表在一个句子中由一个句子充当的表语，这个句子叫做语，这个句子叫做表语从名。表语从名。The fact is that he has not been seenrecently.My suggestion is that we should turn theland into rice fields.表语从句表语从句P
16、redicative Clause通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容,这这样的句子叫做样的句子叫做同位语从句同位语从句。同位语从句一般在下列词的后面同位语从句一般在下列词的后面:fact,news,idea,hope,wish,promise,truth,reason,suggestion,thought,question,doubt,conclusion,belief,fear,order,possibility等。等。同位语从句同位语从句Appositive Clause同位语从句&定语从句 1.The news that I have passed the ex
17、am is true.The news that he told me just now is true2.The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.The idea that he gave surprises many Appositive clause:that在从句中不充当任何成份。在从句中不充当任何成份。Attribute clause:that在从句中作在从句中作told,gave的宾语。的宾语。连词连词“that”引导引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别引导
18、从句引导从句that从句中的从句中的作用作用可否省略可否省略同位语同位语从句从句连接词连接词 不担任成不担任成分分不省略不省略定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词主、宾、主、宾、表表作宾、表作宾、表时可省略时可省略5、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1.He has done what he can to help me.-He has done _ _ he can to help me.2.What I want to say has nothing to do with it.3.-_ _ I want to say has nothing to do
19、4.with it.all thatAll that 3.Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished.4.He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most.He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most.5.Well remember whomever we turned to for help.Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.6.
20、They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do.7.Ill read whichever book you give me.Ill read _ of the books _ you give me.Anyone whoanyone whoAnyone (whom)anything thatanythat1.It now appears _ they are in need of help.A.that B.which C.what D.how2.It is good news _ th
21、ey will arrive in a few days.A.which B.what C.that D.how3.It _ Joe drives badly.A.thought that B.thinks that C.is thought D.is thought that4.It _ he is late for class.A.may that B.might that C.may be that D.might be what5.This is _ she was born.A.where B.which C.that D.what6.The problem is _ we cant
22、 go there today.A.that B.what C.which D.when7.The question is _ it is worth doing.A.if B.whether C.which D.what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A.because B.why C.that D.what9.My advice is that he _ regular house.A.keep B.would keep C.keeps D.kept10._ kno
23、ws the truth will tell you about it.A.Who that B.Whoever C.Whom that D.That who11.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A.that B.which C.what D.whether12.We heard the news _ our team had won.A.which B.that C.what D.where13.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A.which B.that C.whether D.if14.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do.A.which B.what C.that D.where
