1、The Non-finite Verb英语基本句子结构：英语基本句子结构：1.A bird is flying in the sky.2.He looks tired.3.I can speak English fluently.4.I saw a cat run into my room.5.My mother bought me a gift.6.Tom got up early and went running alone.7.If I had followed your advice,I would be better now.8.I recognized him the moment
2、 he took off his glasses.Task1Task1 1.The girl_(dance)in the classroom now.1 1 学会判断何时使用非谓语动词学会判断何时使用非谓语动词2.The girl_(dance)in the classroom now and she looks very confident.3.The girl _（dance)in the classroom now looks very confident.4.The girl who _(dance)in the classroom now looks very confident .
3、is dancingis dancingdancingis dancing：一个句子中已经有一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情一个句子中已经有一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情况下，另一个动词需要用况下，另一个动词需要用非谓语动词非谓语动词。Exercise1Exercise1 判断下面句子应使用谓语还是非谓语判断下面句子应使用谓语还是非谓语1.The book_(write)by San Mao.2.I like reading the novels _(write)by San Mao.3.He _(go)into the classroom,opened his book and wrote on
4、the blackboard.4.Although it is winter now,the tree in the yard _(look)beautiful.5.The girl that lives in the city _(make)a phone call to the farmer yesterday.6.She got off the bus,but _(leave)her book in the bus.7.She got off the bus,_(hold)her book.was writtenwrittenwentlooksmadeleftholdingTask2 T
5、ask2 选择恰当的非谓语动词形式选择恰当的非谓语动词形式1.动词不定式一般式:to do,to be done,完成式:to have done,to have been done2.现在分词一般式:doing,being done 完成式:having done,having been done3.过去分词:done Practise1.He often works hard _(earn)more money.2.The meeting is _(hold)next week.总结：动词不定式总结：动词不定式to do在句中通常表在句中通常表_和和_。to earnto be held目
6、的目的将来将来1._(hear)the news,he could not help laughing.2.We see them _(dance)in the TV now.总结：现在分词通常在句子表总结：现在分词通常在句子表_和和_._.3._(point)at by others,he was told“No zuo no die why you try”.4.You can drink _(boil)water.总结：过去分词通常在句子表总结：过去分词通常在句子表_和和_._.Hearingdancing主动主动进行进行Pointedboiled被动被动完成完成1.To climb t
7、he mountain is hard work.2.Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth.3.It is not easy to find your way around the town.4.It is no use complaining without taking action.5.Being absorbed in computer games does harm to teenagers.Task3 Task3 判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分总结：总结：_做主语一般表示具体某一次的动作做主语一
8、般表示具体某一次的动作;_做主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念。做主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念。不定式不定式 to do动名词动名词-ing1.只有to do 和doing 可以做主语,to do 特指具体某一次动作，doing表示一般的抽象的泛指概念。2.2.It 做形式主语的情况：做形式主语的情况：It is no use/no good/useless/a waste of time+doingIt is+adj+for sb+to do It is+adj+of sb+to do总结总结一：一：非谓语动词做主语非谓语动词做主语1.My job is to clean the ro
9、oms every day.2.His wish is to be a doctor in the future.3.Our job is playing all kinds of music.4.The news is exicting.5.We felt exicted.Task4 Task4 判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分总结：总结：_做表语表示预定要发生的动作，也可表示未来的可能性和假设做表语表示预定要发生的动作，也可表示未来的可能性和假设,但是当不定式所做的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，不具有未来的含但是当不定式所做的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，不具有未来
10、的含义。义。_作表语多指抽象的概念性的动作，句子主语常是无生命的名称。作表语多指抽象的概念性的动作，句子主语常是无生命的名称。_作表语可以说明主语的性质特征作表语可以说明主语的性质特征“令人令人 使人使人.”不定式不定式 to do动名词动名词-ing现在分词现在分词-ing1.1.to do,doing,done 都可以做表语都可以做表语.2 2.doing 做表语形容物，译为做表语形容物，译为“令人令人.”.”3 3.done 做表语形容人或人的表情，译为做表语形容人或人的表情，译为“感到感到.”.”(1)The news is _(disappoint).(2)I feel _(disa
11、ppoint).总结二：非谓语动词做表语总结二：非谓语动词做表语disappointingdisappointed注意注意1:1:对称原则对称原则 (1)To do two things at a time is_(do)neither.Seeing is _(believe).注意注意2.2.不定式做表语时，如果前面有实意动词不定式做表语时，如果前面有实意动词dodo的某的某种形式，作表语的不定式常省略种形式，作表语的不定式常省略to.to.(2)What I want to do most in high school is _(improve)my English.to dobeliev
12、ing(to)improve1.We agreed to meet here but so far she has not turned up yet.2.David suggested selling your house and car to pay the debt.3.I forgot to close the door.4.I forgot writing the letter.Task5 Task5 判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分1.1.有些动词后面一般只接有些动词后面一般只接to do to do 做宾语，做宾语，口诀是：口诀是：决心决心 学会学会
13、想想 希望，希望，拒绝拒绝 设法设法 愿愿 假装。假装。主动主动 答应答应 选选 计划，计划，同意同意 请求请求 帮一帮。帮一帮。总结三：非谓语动词做宾语总结三：非谓语动词做宾语(1)(1)I decided _(study)harder this term.(2)He promised_(help)me yesterday.2.2.有些动词后面一般只接有些动词后面一般只接doingdoing做宾语，口做宾语，口诀是：诀是：考虑建议盼原谅，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃
14、亡。不禁介意准逃亡。总结三：非谓语动词做宾语总结三：非谓语动词做宾语(2)(1)The law forbids_(smoke)in public buildings.注意allow/permit/forbid/advise+sb+to do(2)Our teacher allowed us _(go)home.3.3.有些动词后面既可以接有些动词后面既可以接to do to do 也可以接也可以接doing,意思不一样。意思不一样。Regret to do regret doing Forget to do forget doingRemember to do remember doingMe
15、an to do mean doingTry to do try doingCannot help(to)do cannot help doinggo on to do go on doing 总结三：非谓语动词做宾语总结三：非谓语动词做宾语(3)(1)I regret_(tell)that I cannot come.(2)I regret _(tell)him the result.to telltelling4.有些动词后既可以接有些动词后既可以接 to do 也可以接也可以接doing,意思区别不大。意思区别不大。如如 begin,start,continue+to do/doing.
16、如如 prefer,like,love,hate+to do/doing.总结三：非谓语动词做宾语总结三：非谓语动词做宾语(4)(1)He likes _(swim),but he does not like _(swim)today,because it is too cold.(2)I didnot think it convenient _(write)about the matter.在这种用法中常见的动词有think,feel,make,find,consider,believe 等。注意注意1：it做形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在补做形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在补语之后，语之后，to d
17、o 做真正的宾语。做真正的宾语。swimmingto swimto write注意注意4：介词：介词but except后常用不定式，前有后常用不定式，前有do 后省后省to.(4)We had no choice but _(wait).(5)I could do nothing except_(agree).注意注意2：need,want,require意为意为“需要需要”时后接时后接doing或者或者to be done 表示被动表示被动.be worth,deserve+doing主动表被动主动表被动.(1)The plants want_(water)daily.(2)The pla
18、nts want_(water)daily.注意注意3：动词做介词的宾语时，要用：动词做介词的宾语时，要用doing (3)The author begins his speech by_(describe)various sounds.wateringto be watereddescribingto waitagree1.Toms marrying Mary made his parents very happy.2.She insisted on Peters(Peter)going there first.3.Would you mind my me turning up the ra
19、dio a little?4.Whats troubling them is workers not having enough time.请观察以下句子请观察以下句子1.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling2.The discovery of new evidence led to_。A.The thief having caught B.catch the thiefC.The thief being caught D.the thie
20、f to be caught3.Tom apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A.His being not able B.him not to be able C.his not being able D.him to be not ableCCC1.I have a lot of things to do.2.The school founded in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding.3.There were many people watching the
21、 opening ceremony on TV.Task6 Task6 判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分(1)The question _(discuss)tomorrow is very important.(2)The players_(select)from the whole country are expected to bring us honor.(3)A young teacher _(teach)English came to apply for this position.(4)The houses _(built)now are for the
22、 teachers.to be discussedselectedteachingbeing built1.to do做定语表示将来的动作，常放在某些名词或代词后。做定语表示将来的动作，常放在某些名词或代词后。总结四：非谓语动词做定语总结四：非谓语动词做定语(1)2.done(Vt)过去分词做定语表示被动过去分词做定语表示被动，表完成。，表完成。Vi的过去分词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成作定语仅表示完成.如：如：fallen leaves落叶落叶(表完成表完成)I like to hear songs sung by Jackson.(表被动）表被动）3.doing现在分词做定语表示主动，现在分
23、词做定语表示主动，表进行。表进行。如：如：falling leaves正在落下的叶子正在落下的叶子(表正在进行表正在进行)There are lots of students wishing to join us.(表主动表主动).(1)There are two teaching buildings in our school.(2)a swimming pool,a washing machine,a walking stick,a reading room此外此外:动名词动名词doing 做定语表示它所修饰的词的用途，不存在逻做定语表示它所修饰的词的用途，不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。辑上的主
24、谓关系。此外：如果要表示此外：如果要表示“正被做正被做”，用，用being done，表示，表示“将被做将被做”用用to be done 总结四：非谓语动词做定语总结四：非谓语动词做定语(2)注意注意1：如果不定式是如果不定式是Vi,或者不定式所修饰的名词或者代词是或者不定式所修饰的名词或者代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。(1)I have no room to_(live).(2)He has no pen to_(write).注意注意2：不定式不定式常常用来修饰被序数词用来修饰被序数词,最高级或最高级或no any
25、 all 等限等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系(3)He was the best man_(do)the job.(4)He is always the first_(arrive)at the school live inwrite withto doto arrive注意注意3：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用to do 做定语做定语.(1)I have no chance_(go)sightseeing.(2)The ability _(express)an idea is as important as the
26、 idea itself.注意注意4：若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被：若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动动.(3)She has a sister_(look after).(4)I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything_(buy).to goto expressto look afterto be bought1.Our teacher allowed us to go home.2.He advised
27、 us to get up early.3.I heard someone calling for help.4.His father made him standing.5.I will have my bike repaired.6.I saw the dog hit by its owner.Task7 Task7 判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分总结总结1.1.下列动词常接不定式to do 做宾语补足语.ask advise allow ask beg encourage expect tell want warn wish forbid force int
28、end invite order persuade prefer require wait for call on depend on permit+sb+to do(1)The docter warned him not _(eat)too much.(2)He asked me _(finish)the work on time.2.分词作宾语补足语主要考查感官动词和使役动词的用法。一感feel；二听hear listen to；三让 have let make；五看 see look at observe watch notice.其中感官动词以see为例 See sb do sth_S
29、ee sb doing sth_See sb/sth done_ =sb.be seen to do填空并翻译 1.I saw him_(leave)a few minutes ago.2.He was seen_(leave)a few minutes ago.3.I saw the suspect _(enter)the building when I passed by.4.I want to see the plan _(carry out).leaveto leaveenteringcarried out.Have/make/let+sb+do sth_=get sb to do s
30、th.Have/get+sb/sth+doing_Have/make/get+let+sth+done_注意：在被动语态中，不定式的to 要还原，如例2.其中以使役动词have为例 填空并翻译 1.The teacher had some students_(stay)in the classroom.2.He had the fire _(burn)all night.3.I will have my bike _(repair)tomorrow.4.He was made_(work)day and night.注意注意1：在被动语态中，不定式：在被动语态中，不定式to 要还原要还原.注意
31、注意2：I have a lot of homework _(do).这里的have翻译为“有”，不定式的to 要保留。stayburningrepairedto workto doTask8 Task8 判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分判断非谓语动词在句子做什么成分1.To pass the college entrance exam,we must work hard.2.Tom took a taxi to the airport,only to find his plane high up in the sky.3.We were astonished to find the templ
32、e still in its original condition.1.1.不定式作状语，表不定式作状语，表_._.to do,in order to do,so as to do.Eg.He got up early _(catch)the first bus.2.2.不定式作状语，表不定式作状语，表_ _._.only/just to do,enough to do,too.to do,so/such.as to do Eg.He is old enough_(go)to school.Eg.Mary is too tired_(do)the job.Eg.He hurried to th
33、e school,_(find)it was Sunday.目的目的to catch结果结果to goto doonly to find3.不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语.adj和过去分词作表语时，后可接和过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语。常用结构为不定式作原因状语。常用结构为“主语主语+系动词系动词+adj+to do”考点：考点：常用在常用在“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语adj+to do”,主动主动表被动表被动 如：如：English is easy _(learn).The book is very hard _(understand)1._(face)with many
34、 difficulties,we should calm ourselves down.2._(face)many difficulties,we should calm ourselves down.3._(translate)into English,the sentence was easy to understand.4._(see)the clothes washed,Tom felt very happy.FacedFacingTranslatedSeeing1._(live)in London for years,I almost know every place quite w
35、ell.2_(show)around the teaching buildings,we then went to visit the library.3._(not receive)a reply,he decided to write again.4._(use)for many years,the bike needs repairing.Having livedHaving been shownNot having receivedHaving been used1.判断是否是非谓语作状语2.判断是否存在与横线后的介词构成固定搭配3.如非固定搭配，找出横线处的逻辑主语(与主句主语一致)
36、.4.判断主语跟动词之间的关系(主动用ing,被动用ed)5.如非谓语的动作明显发生在主句谓语动作之前，要用完成式 总结：分词可以作时间，原因，条件，结果，方式，让步等状语。考点1：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称为独立成分。Generally speakingFrankly/honestly speakingJudging from/byTo tell you the truthCompared to/withConsidering/seeing/given.翻译(1)Judging from his accent,he is from the South.(2)
37、Considering your health,you had better have a rest独立主格：逻辑主语+n/adj/adv/介词短语/to do/doing/done.1.I received many gifts,many of them books.2.An air accident happened,nobody alive.3.They all went home,the meeting over.4.The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand.5.Nobody _(come)tomorrow,we will have to p
38、ut off the meeting.6.The girl_(stare)at him,he didnot know what to say.7.The problems _(solve),they felt a sense of relief.to comestaringsolved1.现在分词构成的独立格结构：现在分词表示的动作与其逻辑主语是主动关系，在句子作时间,原因,条件和方式状语.2.过去分词构成的独立主格：逻辑主语与过去分词表示的动作是被动关系，在句子作时间,原因,伴随和条件状语.3.不定式构成的独立主格：强调的是一次具体的动作，或表示还未发生的行为或状态1.Time _(perm
39、it),we will go for a walk.=_,we will go for a walk.2.Her glasses_(break),she couldnot see the words on the blackboard.=_,she couldnot see the words on the blackboard.3.No one _(wake)me up,I might be late for the first class.4.No one _(wake)me up,I was late today.permittingIf time permitsbrokenBecause her glasses were brokento wakewaking1.I could not do my homework with all that noise_(go)on.2.The great writer died with his works _(unfinish).3.The girl feels exicted with so many places of Interest _(visit)goingunfinishedto visitTHANKS!
