1、专题三非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式三种,它们在句子中可用作主语、宾语、补语、表语、状语和定语等。对于高考英语题来说,非谓语动词的第一个难点在判断。如果判断失误会直接导致失分。在此我有几个小建议:1.根据题意判断时态语态,仔细审题读懂题目所设情境,找出逻辑主语,根据情境选择合适的形式。2.记住一些习惯性和地道的用法,比如动词-ing形式作伴随状语。可以通过多做题多阅读进行积累。3.一些需要背过牢记(当然能够理解最好)的特殊搭配和用法,比如有时用不定式表示将来等一定要记清。从个人的经历来说,对于非谓语动词这部分比较宽泛的知识点,应多做题培养一种题感
2、,对比较刁钻的难题进行整理记忆。做对题是最终目的,所以不必死板拘泥于定义,与其把所有有关非谓语动词的规律和技巧都背过不如在掌握基本原则的基础上增加练习。北京大学张文瀚 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练1.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,(allow)more patients to be treated.(2017天津真题)【答案】allowing【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意:医院最近购买了新的医疗设备,这使得更多的患者能得到医治。前面的句子和allow之间构成主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作结果状语
3、。2.Many Chinese brands,(develop)their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江苏真题)【答案】having developed【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意:许多中国品牌已经建立了几个世纪的声誉,现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。主语brands和develop之间是主动关系,而且develop发生在are facing之前,所以用动词-ing形式的完成式。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.Its quite hot to
4、day.Do you feel like(go)for a swim?(陕西真题)【答案】going【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意:今天天气真热。你想去游泳吗?feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”。【高手悟道】有些动词(短语)如:set about着手,dream of梦想,complain about抱怨,insist on坚持,要接动词-ing形式(而不接不定式)作宾语。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练4.I remembered(lock)the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off t
5、he lights.(安徽真题)【答案】to lock【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意:离开办公室之前,我只记着要锁门了,但是忘了关灯。remember to do sth.“记着要做某事”,根据语境空格处为“to lock”。【高手悟道】有些动词既可接不定式又可接动词-ing 形式(作宾语),但意义完全不同,如:remember to do sth.记住(将来)要做某事,remember doing sth.记得(曾)做过某事,forget to do sth.忘记要做某事(尚未做),forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做过)。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练5.
6、Today there are more airplanes(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.(全国大纲真题)【答案】carrying【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:现在和过去相比空中的飞机更多了,飞机的载客也更多了。There be sb./sth.doing sth.为固定句式,其中的动词-ing形式短语作后置定语,相当于定语从句which/that carry more people than ever before。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练6.The cooling wind swept throu
7、gh our bedroom windows,(make)air conditioning unnecessary.(天津真题)【答案】making【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:凉风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来,使得开空调没有必要了。此处应用动词-ing形式短语作结果状语,表示必然的结果。【高手悟道】非谓语动词作结果状语,在句末用不定式表示出人意料的结果,用动词-ing形式表示必然的结果。如:We went to the station in a hurry,only to find the train had left.我们匆匆忙忙到了车站,结果发现火车已经离站了。试做真题透析真题高手
8、必备萃取高招对点精练7.(make)it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.(北京真题)【答案】To make【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:为了更容易跟我们取得联系,你最好把这张卡片留在身边。根据句意可知这里是目的状语,故答案为 To make。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练8.(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your aff
9、ection and emotions.(湖南真题)【答案】Understanding【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:理解你自己的交流需求及交流风格和学会表达你的爱和情感一样重要。逻辑主语与 understand 之间为主动关系,设空处需用主动形式。【高手悟道】动词-ing形式与不定式都可作主语。一般来说,表示一般的、抽象的(时间概念不强的)动作时用动词-ing 形式,表示将来的、具体的一次性动作时用不定式。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练9.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very hap
10、py to see his mother(take)good care of at home.(陕西真题)【答案】taken【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意:从非洲两年医疗服务返回后,李医生很高兴地看到家中母亲得到了很好的照顾。宾语his mother 与动词短语take good care of之间为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示完成,故用动词-ed形式。【高手悟道】“感官动词see,watch,notice,hear等+宾语+宾语补足语”句式中,宾语补足语用do(省略to)表示经常性或一次性全过程,宾语补足语用doing表示动作正在进行,宾语补足语用done表示被动。试做真题透析真题高
11、手必备萃取高招对点精练10.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog(follow)them.(辽宁真题)【答案】following【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意:这对老夫妇晚饭后经常在公园散步,他们的宠物狗跟着他们。在 with 复合结构中,非谓语动词的逻辑主语pet dog 与follow是主动关系。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look
12、at a study(conduct)in Australia in 2012.(浙江真题)【答案】conducted本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:回到水污染问题,我想要你们看一下2012 年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。动词-ed形式作定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,表示动作已完成。study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系,2012 年表示“完成”,故用动词-ed形式作后置定语。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练非谓语动词的种类和基本形式(以do为例)试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练非谓语动词的句法功能(句子成分)比较 试做真
13、题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练考点考点1非谓语动词作宾语的区别非谓语动词作宾语的区别不定式与动词-ing 形式作宾语多数属于动词句式和搭配问题。(一)只接不定式的动词(短语)四个希望三答应(hope,wish,expect,long;agree,promise,undertake)五个想要巧安排(aim,intend,plan,want,desire)设法学会做决定(manage,learn,decide,determine)企图假装要选择(attempt,pretend,choose)提供要求别拒绝(offer,demand,refuse)威胁准备不失败(threaten,prepare
14、,fail)着手/开始做某事(set out to do=set about doing)I cant afford to buy such a type of TV set.我买不起一台这种型号的电视机。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(二)通常要接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)承认冒险别继续(admit/risk/keep);理解原谅和感激(understand/excuse/appreciate);推迟享受真可惜(delay/postpone/enjoy);完成想象又建议(finish/imagine/suggest/advise);避免介意别延期(avoid/escape
15、/mind/put off);错过宽恕不考虑(miss/forgive/consider);允许抵制或放弃(allow/permit/resist/stand/give up);坚持提到与练习(insist on/mention/practice)。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练The bird missed being shot and flew away.那只鸟儿没被打中,飞走了。We all suggested going to the riverside for a picnic on such a fine day.我们都提议在这样一个明媚的日子到河边去野餐。I cant
16、stand working with her,for she is always talking while working.我不能忍受和她一起工作,因为她工作期间老是说话。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(三)接动词-ing形式作宾语的介词(短语),其中很多都是固定搭配1.动词-ing形式作介词的宾语be interested in doing sth.对做感兴趣 be tired of doing sth.厌倦 set about doing sth.着手,开始做某事dream of doing sth.梦想做某事complain about doing sth.抱怨做某事insi
17、st on doing sth.坚持做某事apologize for doing sth.为做某事抱歉succeed in doing sth.在做某事方面成功feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难=have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难have a good time(in)doing sth.愉快做某事spend some time(in)doing sth.花时间做某事试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练2.动词-ing形式作介词to的宾语look forward to doi
18、ng sth.期待contribute to doing sth.有助于做某事get/be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事admit to doing sth.承认做某事get down to doing sth.着手做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事stick to doing sth.坚持做某事be devoted to doing sth.专心于做某事be equal to doing sth.胜任做某事object to doing sth.反对做某事be opposed to doing sth.反对做某事lead to doin
19、g sth.导致做某事试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练How about the two of us taking a walk in the garden?我们两个在花园里散散步怎么样?On arriving there,we got down to doing the job.一到达那里,我们就着手工作。My English teacher has devoted all his life to teaching.我的英语老师把一生都献给了教育事业。You should pay attention to his operating this machine.你们应注意他操作这部机器
20、的步骤。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(四)既可接不定式又可接动词-ing 形式作宾语,意义基本一样的动词1.一些表示喜好的动词like,love等,用不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语,意义相差不大。like,love,prefer,hate后表示一般的、抽象的动作时用动词-ing 形式;表示将来的、具体的动作时用不定式。-d like/-d love/-d prefer+to do sth.(即:有would,should时,用不定式)。Swimming is my favorite sport and I like swimming every day,but I dont lik
21、e to swim(具体)today,I would like to swim(将来)tomorrow.2.表示开始的动词begin等,用不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语,意义相差不大。begin/start 本身为进行式时,后接to do sth.(即:be beginning/starting to do sth.)。begin/start后为realize/understand/see/know等心理状态的动词时只用不定式。begin/start前的主语为物时后接to do sth.。The train was beginning to move slowly when we got to
22、 the train station.当我们到达火车站时,火车开始慢慢启动了。They began to understand each other from then on.从那时开始,他们就开始相互理解对方了。I was about to leave when the telephone began to ring.当时我正要离开,突然电话响了。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(五)既可接不定式又可接动词-ing 形式(作宾语),意义完全不同动词1.remember to do sth.记住(将来)要做的事remember doing sth
23、.记得(曾)做过某事2.forget to do sth.忘记要做的事(尚未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做过)3.regret to do sth.抱歉/遗憾要做某事regret doing sth.后悔做过某事4.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事5.try to do sth.设法、尽力干某事(表“目的”)try doing sth.试着做某事(试一试,表“手段”)试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练6.go on to do sth.接着做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做同一件事7.mean t
24、o do sth.想干,打算干mean doing sth.意味着,意思是,就是He regretted to say that he couldnt stay here any longer.他遗憾地说他再也不能待在那儿了。He regretted buying the book from the bookstore.他后悔从书店里买了这本书。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(六)need,want,require,deserve(表示“需要;值得”)后跟doing 表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动式。be worth后用动词-ing的主动形式(doing)表示被动意义,而 wort
25、hy后则需用被动形式。Many problems now want/need/require dealing with/to be dealt with.现在许多问题需要处理。The man who wanted to steal money deserved punishing.想偷钱的人应受到惩罚。=The man who wanted to steal money deserved to be punished.The child is worth teaching.这个孩子值得教。=The child is worthy to be taught.=The child is worth
26、y of being taught.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练考点考点2非谓语动词作定语的区别非谓语动词作定语的区别不定式、动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式都可以作定语。(一)位置关系1.动词-ing短语、动词-ed短语和不定式作定语须后置。2.单个动词-ing作定语前置。3.单个动词-ed多数前置,也可后置。left“剩余的”需后置,remaining“剩余的”需前置。及物动词的动词-ed 形式作定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物动词的动词-ed 形式作定语,只表示完成,不表被动。a learned man一个有学问的人the coming holidays=the holid
27、ays to come 即将来临的假期the remaining money=the money left 剩余的钱试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练The work must be done within the given time.这项工作必须在规定的时间内完成。The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。Lost time is never found again.时光一去不复返。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(二)表示意义1.不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed
28、 形式(的一般式)作定语,都可表经常性或一般性的动作。a room facing the south 一个朝南的房间 anyone wishing to leave early任何想早点离开的人 2.不定式作定语,还可表示将来。动词-ing形式作定语,还可表示进行或所修饰名词的用途。动词-ed形式作定语,还有完成的意义。A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.一片安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。The meeting to take place next year will be a great success.明年召开的会议将会是个巨
29、大的成功。China is a developing(which is developing)country.Japan is a developed(which has developed)country.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(三)三个被动定语:都表被动看时间表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语的区别要从表达时间意义上辨别区分:done 表示(被动)完成,being done 表示(被动)进行,to be done 表示(被动)将来。a problem discussed 一个被讨论过的问题a problem being discussed一个正在被讨论的问题 a proble
30、m to be discussed 一个将要被讨论的问题【提示】动词-ing 形式的完成式一般不用作限制性定语。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(四)不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系1.动宾关系前有不定式动作的执行者时,不定式用主动形式,该不定式应为及物动词或“不及物动词+介词”。I have a letter to write.He has no paper to write on.I have no pen to write with.=I have no pen with which I can write.2.主谓关系不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/
31、only/last等修饰的名词后作定语。Hes always the first one to come and the last to leave.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.抽象名词后的修饰关系(同位关系)不定式常用于ability,chance,way,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief,wish等抽象名词后作定语。I have a strong wish to go to college.They have already found a way to solve the problem.他们已经找到了一个解决这个问题的办法。试做真题透析真
32、题高手必备萃取高招对点精练考点考点3非谓语动词作状语的区别非谓语动词作状语的区别(一)不定式、动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式作状语的区别1.作目的状语:只用to do,不定式前不用标点与句子隔开。Lets hurry so as not to be late for the meeting.We must work harder to finish the task on time.为了及时完成任务,我们必须更加努力地工作。2.作方式/伴随状语:使用动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式,不用to do。Professor Wang stood there,surrounded by ma
33、ny students.王教授站在那里,被一些学生包围。3.作时间状语:使用动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式,不用to do。Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练4.作原因状语:三种非谓语动词都可用,注意不定式一般在句末。Being shy,the girl dare not answer the teachers questions.因为害羞,这个女孩不敢回答老师的问题。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很抱歉让你等这么久。Beat
34、en today in the basketball match,we were all very disappointed.因为今天输掉了篮球赛,我们都很沮丧。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练5.作结果状语:在句末用不定式表示出人意料的结果,用动词-ing形式表示必然的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.我们匆匆赶到教室,结果发现没有人。(出人意料的结果)Her husband died,(only)leaving her 5 children.她丈夫去世了,给她留下了5个孩子。(必然结果)常用不定式短语作结果
35、状语的还有:be.enough to do sth./too.to do sth./so.as to do sth./such.as to do sth.等。He is so kind as to help me with my English.=He is so kind that he helps me with my English.他太好了,帮我学英语。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练6.作条件状语:表示“如果”,“的话”。Saving enough money,you can travel abroad.To listen to him,you would think he
36、owned the whole world.如果你听他的,你会认为他拥有整个世界。Given more time,we would have finished the papers.如果当时给更多时间,我们就会完成答卷。7.作让步状语:表示“虽然,尽管”“不管,无论”等。Having been helped for a long time,he has made little progress.(主语是动词-ing动作的承受者)尽管被帮助了很长时间,但他也没有取得进步。Helped twice a week,they couldnt learn English well.尽管每周被帮两次,但他
37、们还是没把英语学好。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(二)“我行我素”的独立成分作状语为固定用法judging from/by从判定generally speaking 一般地讲given(that)考虑到,假设to tell the truth 老实说to begin with/to start with 首先to be honest说实话这种结构用来表示说话人的态度、立场和观点,是一种固定习惯用法,在句子中不受(非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致)这一原则限制,其形式一般不可改变。Judging from his clothes,he is other than ri
38、ch.从他的衣着判断,他不太富有。To tell you the truth,the film was a great success.实话告诉你,这部电影是一个巨大的成功。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练考点考点4非谓语动词作主语和表语的区别非谓语动词作主语和表语的区别(一)不定式与动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式与不定式都可作主语。一般来说,动词-ing形式与不定式作主语和表语没有多大区别,可以互换。但要注意以下几点:1.表示一般的、抽象的(时间概念不强的)动作时用动词-ing 形式。2.表示将来的、具体的一次性动作时用不定式。3.being done形式作主语时being不
39、可省略,因为动词-ed形式(done)不能作主语。4.有形式主语it时:一般用不定式It is no use/no good doing sth.中用动词-ing。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.对于年轻人和年纪大的人来说,散步是一种好的锻炼方式。(泛指任何人的行为)To travel to the moon by spaceship is my dream.(将来)乘宇宙飞船去月球旅行是我的梦想。Being exposed to the sun for so long
40、will do harm to our skin.暴露在阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。(being done形式作主语时being不可省略)Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(二)不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式作表语1.不定式、动词-ing形式都可作表语,动词-ing形式作表语多指抽象的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作表语多表示具体的、一次的动作。His favorite sport is swimming.他最喜欢的运动是游泳。(泛指游泳)Your task today is to wa
41、sh the curtains.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。(指一次具体的工作)2.remain后的非谓语动词形式:remain seated/sitting仍然坐着 remain to be seen视情况而定(被动将来)She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下,但她还是站着。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练考点考点5非谓语动词作补足语的区别非谓语动词作补足语的区别非谓语动词(不定式、动词-ing 形式和动词-ed形式)作宾语补足语,大多属于动词搭配问题,有的及物动词只能用一
42、种非谓语形式作宾语补足语,有的及物动词可由两种或三种形式作宾语补足语。含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动句后,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(一)常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)warn sb.(not)to do sth.某人(不)做某事help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事want/order sb.to do sth.想要/要求某人做某事want/order sth.(to be)done想要/要求某事被做wait for sb.to do sth.等待某人做某事call on sb.to do sth.号召某人做某事long for
43、 sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事I often help my mother(to)do housework at home.我经常在家里帮我母亲做家务。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(二)感官动词及catch与smell后非谓语动词作宾语补足语1.感官动词(see,watch,notice,hear,observe,look at,listen to,feel)+宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语do(省to):指经常性或一次性全过程的动作宾语补足语doing:指动作正在进行The children in the cla
44、ssroom attentively listened to the teacher speaking.教室里的孩子们当时都在聚精会神地听老师讲话。宾语补足语done:表示被动(少用being done/be done)Walking in the street,I felt my shoulder patted from behind.走在街上时,我感到有人从我身后拍了我的肩膀。2.catch sb.doing sth.发觉/撞见某人干某事I caught a boy stealing apples from the garden.我撞见一个男孩偷花园里的苹果。3.smell sth.bur
45、ning 闻到烧焦的味道试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(三)使役动词后跟非谓语动词作宾语补足语1.have+宾语+宾语补足语have+宾语+done(表被动)请人干,遭受,使得以/得到have+宾语+do sth.(表主动)让干,指一次性全过程的动作“have+宾语+doing sth.(+延续时间状语)”表主动,“使反复不停地进行”;在否定句或反问句中,表示“不听任、不容忍反复发生”I cant have you speaking like that about your father.我不允许你这样说你的父亲。He must have/get the computer repai
46、red at once.他必须马上找人维修计算机。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练2.get+宾语+宾语补足语get+宾语+done 使被做(=have+宾语+done)get+宾语+to do sth.使做get+宾语+doing sth.使开始做Can you really get the old car going again?你真的能让这部旧车再跑起来?Ill get someone to do it for you.(不省略to)试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.make sb.do sth.让某人做某事make oneself understood/heard/k
47、nownmake oneself not recognizedThe workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(补上不定式符号to/work作主语补足语)那个老板强迫工人一天工作十二个小时。Speak louder in order to make yourself heard clearly.大点声讲,以便让人清楚地听到你说的话。4.let sb.do sth.(省略to)force sb.to do sth.强迫/迫使某人做某事be forced to do sth.被迫做某事5.cause sb.to do sth.=lead sb.to do
48、sth.=lead to sb.s doing sth.致使某人做某事试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练6.leave+宾语+doing sth.“让/听任保持进行的状态”,表主动leave+宾语+done“让/听任保持被动的状态”,表被动leave+宾语+to do sth.留给某人去做某事Youd better not leave her waiting outside in the rain.你最好不要让她在外面的雨中等待。Tom hurried to school,leaving the food untouched.汤姆冲到学校,留下一动未动的食物。7.keep+宾语+doin
49、g sth.“使保持继续进行的状态”,表主动keep+宾语+done“使继续保持被动的状态”,表被动Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.Whatever you do,you should keep us informed.无论你做什么,你都应该通知我们。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(四)be said/believed/reported/considered/found/thought to类句式中不定式作主语补足语be said to be 据说是be said to have done 据说做了be said to have b
50、een done 据说被做了be said to be doing据说在做He is considered to be honest.他被认为是诚实的人。He is said to have gone abroad.据说他出国了。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练(五)with/without独立主格结构with/without独立主格结构指的是“with/without+名词或代词+动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式/动词不定式”结构,也可称之为with的复合宾语形式。这种结构在句中既可以作状语,又可以作定语。With time going on,our country is getti
