1、一.一.结构结构:to do (否定否定)not to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4.作定语作定语5.作状语作状语6.作表语作表语动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能三三.用法用法/功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn.(1).主语主语不定式作主语时不定式
2、作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2).表语表语I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3)宾语宾语think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set
3、 outchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by
4、 me).不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room
5、to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(5).定定语语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to d
6、o.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。2.作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，或，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的相应的介词介词。He is looking for a room to live in.
7、他在找一个房间住。他在找一个房间住。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1.Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作
8、执行者是you）2.Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的动作执行者是已被省略的的me或或someone else）I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语状语in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what who,which,when,how
9、,what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时我的问题是什么时候开始。候开始。(表语表语)注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑
10、问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。Why not have a rest?To improve our teaching method is very important.改进我们的教学方法是非常重要的。（主语）It would be a waste of time to look up every new word as it comes along.碰到生词就查词典是浪费时间。（it作形式主语）Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.我们的计划是为了孩子再建一所中学
11、.（表语）Were talking about how to overcome the present difficulties.我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。（宾语）We all expect him to win the contest.我们都期望他能在竞赛中获胜。（宾语补足语）At last he had a chance to go abroad.他终于有一个出国的机会。（定语）She burst into laughter to see his funny action.看到他滑稽的动作，她大笑起来。（原因状语）Ive written it down in order not to
12、 forget.为了不忘记，我已经把它写下来了。（目的状语）注意：被修饰词是序数词、最高级或被序数词、最高级修饰时多用不定式作定语。Luke is always the first to come and the last to leave.卢克总是第一个来，最后一个离开。注意：某些动词后接不带to的不定式构成合宾语，但在变为被动结构时，不定式要加to.The teacher made the two students stand for three hours.The two students were made to stand for three hours.老师让这两个学生站了三个小时
13、。主语相当于名词、代词，常用it作形式主语 表语说明主语的内容、目的或将要做的动作 宾语作动词的宾语；后跟补足语时用it作形式宾语;“疑问词+不定式”作介词的宾语 补语,带to的不定式：ask,advise,allow,cause,expect,order,want,wish等;不带to的不定式：感官动词和使役动词 定语作后置定语表示要做的动作 状语表示原因、目的、结果、评论等；表示结果不置于句首，表示目的可置于句首首或句末。1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up
14、C.give up D.given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B.to explain C.being explained D.explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to
15、 be wovenC.to be weaving D.to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B.learning C.to be learned D.to learn6.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the compan
16、y and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to solving,madeC.to solve,making D.to solve,made8.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study9.-D
17、id you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B.try going C.
18、to try going D.try to go 12._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To have made13.I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read1.Ro
19、bert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make3.Ive worked with children before,so I k
20、now what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to
21、 do with B.what to do with it C.what to do it with D.to do what with it6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning8.We agreed _ here but
22、so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not
23、 eating11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone12.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented13.Little Jim should love _ to the
24、theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep15.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make完成句子1.It is important for the figures _.(update)
25、对数字化进行有规律地更新非常重要。2.I found it hard _.(get)我发觉很难和他友好相处。3.The Internet makes it easier for companies _.(keep)互联网使得公司更容易和顾客保持联系。to be updated regularly to get along well with him to keep in touch with customers 4.The press conference,originally _,has to be put off for some reason.(hold)原定于在明天举行的新闻界会议由于
26、某些原因不得不延期。5.He was the first person _.(invite)他是第一个被邀请发言的人。6.He is a newcomer here so that he has very few friends _ when in trouble.(turn)他是新来这儿的，因此当他有麻烦时，几乎没什么朋友可以求助。to be held tomorrow to be invited to speak/who was invited to speak to turn to/whom he can turn to 7.He got up very early _.(miss)他起
27、得很早，为了不错过头班车。8._,you need to give all you have and try your best.(winner)要想成为胜利者，你必须付出你所有并且要尽最大的努力。9.He hurried to the station,_.(find)他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车开走了。(in order)not to miss the first bus To be/become a winner only to find the train had gone 10.My uncle left home 20 years ago,_.(hear)我叔叔二十年前离家，再没有任
28、何消息。11.We were very excited _.(hear)听到那个消息，我们非常兴奋。12.Passengers _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(carry)旅客被允许只带一件手提行李登机。never to be heard from to hear the news are permitted to carry 13.With _,the newly-elected president was very busy all day.(attend)有许多问题要处理，这位新当选的总统整天都很忙。14.The question is _.(put)问题是怎样把这个新想法付诸实施。15.His dream _.(be)他的梦想是当一名舞蹈家。so many issues to attend to how to put the new idea into practice is to be a dancer
