1、动词不定式复习动词不定式复习 动词不定式复习动词不定式复习 His wish is to professional footballer pilotscientist动词不定式复习动词不定式复习The Infinitive(Revision)定义定义 构成构成 用法用法 动词不定式的基本概念动词不定式的基本概念 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以有自己在句子中不能作谓语，但可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语，如语和状语构成动词不定式短语，如to read the book,to
2、 speak at the meeting 等。等。动词不定式基本形式动词不定式基本形式 to+动词原形动词原形 动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法动词不定式动词不定式具有名词，具有名词，形容词和副形容词和副词的特征，词的特征，因此在句中因此在句中可作主语，可作主语，表语，宾语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，宾语补足语，定语和状语。定语和状语。功能：功能：主语主语 表语表语 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 定语定语 状语状语2动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法 1 用作主语用作主语 A to不定式常用作句子的主语。但多数情况下常用it作形式主语。将to不定式后置。句型：It is/was+adj.+fo
3、r sb.+to do 例如：To fly was difficult for human beings.=It was difficult for human beings to fly.To take part in sports and recreation is important.=It is important to take part in sports and recreation.B 在某些形容词kind,good,nice,clever,careless 等作表语时，不定式前常可加of引起的短语。说明不定式 指的是谁的情况。句型：It is/was+of sb.+to do
4、 例如：Its kind of you to say so.(=You are kind to say so.)C to 不定式还可用于结构 It+take+sb+some time+to do 例如：It usually takes me an hour to go to my office.It will take three days for the parcel to reach Beijing.Model:A:How long will it take for the parcel to reach Beijing?B:It will take for the parcel two
5、days to reach Beijing.Substitues:1)us,fly to Beijing,two hours 2)her,go to school by bus,an hour 3)a postcard,reach China by ordinary mail,three days 4)the workers,finish building the highrises,two years 2 用作表语用作表语 to 不定式用于be 动词后作表语 例如：1）His job is to organize the school sports meeting.2)His wish is
6、 to become a scientist.Ex:Complete the sentences:1)His work is _(是教孩子们数学）2)My wish is_(是成为一名足球运动员）3)Her hobby is_(是收集邮票）4)My plan is _(是去青岛）5)Your homework today is _（是背诵课文）to teach the children maths.to be a footballer.to collect stamps.to go to Qingdao.to recite the text.3 用作动词的宾语用作动词的宾语 不定式常用作某些动
7、词的宾语如：hope,wish,learn,like,love,manage,offer,plan,remember,forget,try,decide 等。例如：She wanted to buy a few stamps.He began to repair the watch.4 用作宾语补足语用作宾语补足语 1）to不定式用作某些动词如：tell,ask,want,invite,allow等宾语 补足语。例如：I told him to keep quiet.Wang Haimother asked Wang Hai to post a letter to his elder brot
8、her.2使役动词let,have,make及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等要以不带不带to的不定式作宾补。例如：He made me write a report.注意：注意：感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。例如：I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）时的情景）5）用作
9、定语用作定语 to不定式可作名词修饰语，作定语置于被修饰名词之后。例如：I have an important meeting to attend.Could you give me something to eat.Ex:Complete the sentences:1)I have something interesting_(告诉你）。2)Have you got anything _（要说的）？3)She has some maths problems _（要解答）。4)I have some tapes _（要听）。to tell youto sayto work outto lis
10、ten to （6）用作状语用作状语 1）用作目的状语。例如：They came to see us yesterday.“in order to/so as to”也表目的。可以转换成so that 引导的 目的状语从句 例如：She worked hard in order to finish the job in time.=She worked hard so that she could finish the job in time.2)用于结构结构too+形形/副副+to不定式不定式（太.以致于不能)表结果。例如：He was too tired to go on walking.
11、=He was so tired that he couldnt go on walking.3)用于结构形结构形/副副+enough+to不定式不定式（足够以致能)例如：He is old enough to go to school.We werent luck enough to have a White Christmas.4)用于作表语的形容词后作状语，说明原因或哪方面的事。例如：They were happy to see me.（二）动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,how,where,when等 连用构成不定式短语。例如：The computer doesnt kno
12、w what to do.Do you know how to work out the problem?Ex:Complete the sentences:1)I really dont know _(下一步做什么）。2)Please tell me _（什么时候出发）。3)I want to know _(哪买这本书）。4)Could you show me _(怎样做）。5)Mary doesnt know _(说什么）。6)I dont know _(乘哪辆车）what to do nextwhen to startwhere to buy this bookhow to do itw
13、hat to saywhich bus to take(三）动词不定式的否定否定形式“not+动词不定式动词不定式”构成。例如：Tell him not to throw waste paper on the ground.Mother told me not to be late for school.Exercises:I Choose the right answer:()1.He hopes _many foreign stamps.A.collect B to collect C to collects D collecting ()2.My job is_you maths.A t
14、o teach B teaching C teaches D taught ()3.Mother asked her five-year-old son _in the street.A dont play football B to not play football C not to play football D doesnt play football ()4.His mother let him_.A go to bed B to go to bed C went to bed Dgoes to bedCACA ()5.Im hungry now.Bring me something
15、 _.A eat B to eat C eating D ate ()6.Could you tell me _Nanpu Bridge?A to get to B how to get C how to get to D how to reach to ()7.I heard him _in his room.A to cry B cried C cries D cry ()8 Youd better_any noise,for hes sleeping.A dont make B not to make C to not make D not make ()9 I want a box _
16、.A to put the shoes B to put the shoes in C put the shoes in D putting the shoesBCDDBII 句型转换1 He left home at 6:30 and went there at 7:00.=It _him half an hour _get there.2 It is so small that I can put it into my pocket.=It is _ _ to fit into my pocket.3.I hope that I can win the match tomorrow.=I
17、hope_ _the match tomorrow.4 Please tell me what I should do next.=Please tell me _ _do next.5.He had little money on him.He couldnt buy it.=He was not_ _to buy it.took tosmallenoughtowinwhattorichenough 6 Jack got up early.He wanted to get to the station in time.=Jack got up early_ _ _ get to the st
18、ation in time.7 The problem is very difficult.We cant work it out.=The problem is _difficult_we cant work it out.=The problem is _difficult _ _ to work out.=The problem isnt _ _for us to work out.8 To learn English well is important for us.=_ _for us _learn English well.9 She ran so fast that she could catch the last bus.=She ran fast_ _catch the last bus.10To learn a foreign language well is not easy.=_ _to learn a foreign language well.inorder tosothattooformeeasyenoughItistoenoughtoItsdifficult
