1、Vocabulary Unit 1hemoglobin polycythemiahypertrophy atrophy mutateanomaly congenital defectlesioninfectious agentpathogenesisdiagnosisprognosisautopsyheredityhemophilia syndromeVocabularyalcoholism anemia pregnancydelivery leukemiamalnutrition hyperactive thyroidhyperthyroidismMongolismurinalysisphy
2、siciansurgeonremissionrelapsecomplication Vocabularypneumonia sequelaparalysis polio fallopian tubesalleviatemasterpiece defectivedeficientconcurrentrespectivelyUtilizeperceiveterminalseverityfractureprostate Vocabularytransmit triggerprotrude counteractprescribeexacerbate manifestaggravateresembles
3、ubsideonsetconfined tocompensatetraumatizeaccompanyobserve manifestaftermathrheumatic feversterilityresemblehealth professionalcomprehensive1.The human body is a masterpiece of art.The more one understands the functioning of the body,the greater appreciation one has for it.Even in disease,the body i
4、s quite remarkable in attempting to right what is wrong and compensate for it.Homework:translationsHomework:translationsHomework:translationsHomework:translations2.Congenital birth defects,mental or physical,may be due to a developmental error resulting from a maternal infection such as rubella or G
5、erman measles during pregnancy,the use of certain drugs,or the mothers excessive consumption of alcohol.Homework:translationsHomework:translations3.Stress adversely affects the entire body,it reduces the ability of the immune system to counteract disease.Stress causes several diseases of the gastroi
6、ntestinal system such as peptic ulcers and ulcerative colitis.It also aggravates respiratory ailments asthma,for example and other allergic conditions.Homework:translationsHomework:translations4.Signs are objective evidence of disease observed on physical examination,such as abnormal pulse or respir
7、atory rate,fever,and pallor,or abnormal paleness,whereas symptoms are indication of disease perceived by the patient,such as pain,dizziness,and itching.Homework:translationsHomework:translations5.The aftermath of a particular disease is called the sequela,a sequel.The permanent damage to the heart a
8、fter rheumatic fever is an example of a sequela,as is the paralysis of polio.The sterility resulting from severe inflammation of the fallopian tubes is also a sequela.1111VocabularyUnit 2a cluster ofinitialinjecthomosexualimpairemergemonitorcompromisealertofficialoriginaloutbreakcoinisolatenovelpres
9、s.1212Vocabularylymphoadenopathylymphotropicdeclarestrikingcontradictturn outin checkpinpointsupplementcomplementconsiderableimplicateactivatedeclineroutinelyprevailing.1313Vocabularydeviseequipmultiprongeddestructionadvancementreplicationadministeradministrationnucleoside analognucleocapsiddiminish
10、appear toindicatespecificdrawbackoptimism.1414Vocabularytrialconfercausitivedesease-causingbe intended topreliminarymediateprolongenhancerule outbe capable ofattachinerthemophiliacmyeloidcompatibility.1515Vocabularyhomozygousheterozygousbowelcommentatorreservoirinvestigationalanecdotalmortalityongoi
11、ngmodulatelatencyeradicationadherencepandemic.1616Translations 1.In the early days,the CDC did not have an official name for the disease,often referring to it by way of the diseases that were associated with it,for example,lymphadenopathy,the disease after which the discoverers of HIV originally nam
12、ed the virus.1717Translations 2.Since then,much research has been directed towards pinpointing the changes in the human immune system due to infection,seeking ways of reversing these changes,or supplementing the compromised immune system to hold the infection in check.1818Translations 3.The drug mix
13、ture typically contains a so-called nucleoside analog,which blocks genetic replication,and inhibitors of two enzymes that are critical enzyme in the making of new virus(protease and reverse transcriptase).1919Translations 4.Treatment strategies,vaccine-based or otherwise,will need to address the dif
14、ferent isolates of the AIDS virus that are present in various regions of the globe.2020Translations 5.Research to improve current treatments includes decreasing side effects of current drugs,further simplifying drug regimens to improve adherence,and determining better sequences of regimens to manage
15、 drug resistance.LOGOPage 21 unit 4 hyperactivityoveractivitydistractibilityinattentivenessattention-deficit hyperactivity disorderheterogeneitydiminishreferralintoleranceobserveexuberanceLOGOPage 22grow out ofougrowelicitquantitative assessmentprevalencepsychiatricprenatalperinataladditivedopaminen
16、oradrenergic systemaggressionLOGOPage 23serotoninpositronadministerreveal/exhibit/manifestcortexpsychostimulantantidepressantsufficientevolvecontingent reinforcementcontraversialadolescenceLOGOPage 24follow-upuntreatillustratetreatment/therapy/managementsettle downintactoutpatientchaosepidemiologyet
17、iologydifferentiatedefiantLOGOPage 25optimizedisciplineresentrecessinsultefficacy/effectivenessbe apt toconcurrentnormativepeersubtypeaddressLOGOPage 26translationsn 1.For severely affected preschoolers,the diagnosis may not be difficult,but in less obvious cases,parents may resist believing the chi
18、ld has any problems or may be convinced the child will grow out of it.LOGOPage 27translationsn 2.ADHD must also be differentiated from several conditions that can be present concurrently,such as learning disorder,conduct disorder,oppositional defiant disorder,anxiety disorder and mood disorder.LOGOP
19、age 28translationsn 3.Psychopharmacological treatment with psychostimulants is widely used and is effective in up to 90%of ADHD children.Other medications used in clinical practice include some antidepressants and clonidine.LOGOPage 29translationsn 4.It was previously thought that children outgrew t
20、heir symptoms in adolescence,and it was possible to stop medications as the child got older.Recently there has been increasing focus on adolescents and adults treated as children who continue to show some or all of the symptoms of ADHD on follow-up.LOGOPage 30translationsn 5.An 8-year-old girl,the o
21、nly child of an intact middle-class family,was brought to the child psychiatry outpatient clinic at the medical center because she was doing very poorly in the second grade,and the school was considering having her repeat the year.Company name.31Vocabulary unit 5rehabilitation interdisciplinary prem
22、alignant predisposition prophylaxis radiotherapy radiopaqueirradiationchemoprevention metastasis chief complaint cholangiopancreatogrambenignprogressionregressionretrogressionretrospective ureterCompany name.32Vocabulary recommend modification optimal subsequent interventionresect eliminate promptly
23、 minimize in the long run eligibilitystratifycollaboration evaluate/estimate revolve around Company name.33Vocabulary daunting oncologistoncologyadvanced disease evaluationperceptive necessitateinternist representative bone marrowpartially obstructed intestineobstruction/construction/destruction/ins
24、tructionelucidate radiopaque radiolucentcompilation Company name.34Vocabulary daunting oncologistoncologyadvanced disease evaluationperceptive necessitateinternist representativerepresent bone marrowpartially obstructed intestineelucidate radiopaque radiolucentcompilation Company name.35Vocabularyde
25、rangedarrangealleviatepalliaterelievesymptomatic treatment asymptomaticeligibilitystandardize aid,helpfacilitate,assistprognosisparameterdelineate neoplasmcategorizepotential Company name.36Vocabularysufficientlyefficient proficientintervalrecurrencerelapsediminishin terms ofdosimetry contribute tou
26、reter/urethralocoreginalcomplicationduplication replicationimplicationvigorous Company name.37Translations 1.If cancer prevention fails,detecting cancer as early as possible is important.For many primary sites of cancer,early detection is a reasonable goal and will result in less intense treatment a
27、nd improved treatment results.In every instance,a well-conceived management plan is critical.Company name.38Translations 2.Although the plan for evaluation and treatment usually requires the efforts of an interdisciplinary team to obtain optimal results,leadership in this enterprise still necessitat
28、es a perceptive and knowledgeable coordinating physician who may be an oncologist,the primary-care physician,an internist,or a general surgeon.Company name.39Translations 3.Although the primary focus of the initial physical examination is on the presenting symptoms,patients who are being evaluated f
29、or the presence of cancer require a complete physical examination and the recording of a complete history so as to elucidate possible sites of metastatic spread of the cancer.Company name.40Translations 4.To minimize patient discomfort and limit cost,physicians should avoid tests that have a low lik
30、elihood of providing useful information and should avoid any tests that provide information similar to that obtained from other tests already performed or planned.Company name.41Translations 5.Not only might this offer an obstacle to future administration of effective pain medication,but surgical relief of this problem may be the one thing that can be done to relieve the symptom of most significance to such patients.
