1、2022-11-1中考专项复习非谓语动中考专项复习非谓语动词课件词课件非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分，可以承担句子的其他成分。不定式不定式(to do）动名词动名词分词分词(现在分词现在分词和过去分词和过去分词)动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，有时可以构成，有时可以不带不带to。动词不定式动词不定式没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以在句中作可以在句中作。其否定形式为其否定形式为“not+动词不定式动词不定式”。1.作主语作主语2.
2、作宾语作宾语3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4.作定语作定语5.作状语作状语6.作表语作表语7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用三三.用法用法/功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn English.(1).主语主语e.g.To learn English well is difficult.动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用常用it代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语语动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：Its dif
3、ficult to learn English well.形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为：形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为：Its+adj.+(of/for sb.)to do sth.或或Its+n.+(for sb.)to do sth.It takes sb.time to do sth.e.g.Its very nice of you to offer me a seat.Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.It was great fun to have a picnic there.It took
4、me half an hour to finish the homework last night.I want to go home.We decide to take the train.I began to learn French.(2)宾语宾语常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want,hope,like,begin,refuse,try,need,forget,learn,plan,decide,ask,agree,choose,remember,offer,fail,start,prefer.v+(not)to do sth.I wish English
5、 well。A：leaning B：to learn C：learned D：learnEg：my roommates often ask me her to play chess。A：to teach B：teaching C：taught D：teach注意：注意：1.在在find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用常用it作形式宾语作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定动词不定式式后置后置。e.g.I find it hard to get along with him.I find it necessary to talk to him ag
6、ain.feel/make/think it+adj.+to do 2.help 后接不定式作宾语可带后接不定式作宾语可带to,也可省略也可省略to.Can you help the girl(to)move the chair?我认为再尝试一遍是必要的我认为再尝试一遍是必要的I think it necessary to try again我发现记住每件事是困难的我发现记住每件事是困难的I find it difficult to remember everything.Miss wang asked Maria to book the tickets.The teacher told me
7、 not to watch TV.The dentist advised me to brush tooth often.(3)宾语补足语宾语补足语want,tell,ask,invite,wish,allow,teach,help,force,advise,order等等一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有这类动词有:v.+sb.+(not)to do sth.2.使役动词使役动词(如如make,let等等)及感官动词及感官动词(如如see,feel,hear,watch,notice等等)后跟动词不定式作后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略宾
8、语补足语时需省略to。e.g.I saw the boy come across the street.We often hear her sing songs in the park.My parents dont letswim in the river.She always tells me jokes and makes me laugh.I made him do his work.二二看看 watch see三三使使 let make have一一听听 hear四注意四注意:feelnotice五感觉五感觉:1.They decided _ a bridge over the ri
9、ver.A.build B.to build C.building2.She said she hoped_her daughter.A.to see B.you to see C.seeing3.Our teacher often advises us _ the habit of making notes while reading.A.to develop B.develop C.to developing D.developing4.You should ask Bob _ his own clothes.He is ten years old now.A.wash B.washes
10、C.washing D.to wash 不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词名词/代词代词之后，之后，The best way to get there is by train.I have something to say.I have so much homework to do today.(4)定语定语(如果不定式中的动词是如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词不及物动词,则不定式中要有则不定式中要有介词介词.)He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.请给我一支写字的
11、笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.My job is to help the patient.Your task is to clean the classroom.The most exciting way is to sell flowers.The most important thing is to save the boy.My suggestion is to start work at once.(5).表语表语isis主语是不定式（表示条件）主语是不定式（表示条件）表语是不定式（表示结果）表语是不定式（表示结果）isis
12、isTo work means to makes money.(6)状语状语动词不定式动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结果等作状语往往表示原因、目的、结果等。1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。2.跟在作表语的形容词后面。跟在作表语的形容词后面。He got up early to catch the early bus.(表示目的表示目的)They were too excited to say a word.(表示结果表示结果)Im very glad to be here.(表示原因表示原因)in order to,too.to.,not.enou
13、gh to 关于小品词关于小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.eg:Would you like to go with me?Id like to.(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.eg:Would you like to be a teacher?Id like to be.不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what who,which,when,how,what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
14、语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时我的问题是什么时候开始。候开始。(表语表语)注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式。Why not have a rest?1
15、.My parents want to invite your parents to go to the movies.2.Im sorry to hear that.3.He seemed to be a little disappointed.4.She went to the Von Trapp family to care for seven children.5.Maria taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short,funny plays to cheer them up.6.Then they find a
16、 way to make peace with each other.7.She has no friends to talk with.8.I dont know how to talk with others about it.9.She would like to be your friend.10.I find it difficult to learn English well.11.Its very important for us to be in a good mood.找出句中的动词不定式并说出它的成分。找出句中的动词不定式并说出它的成分。_宾语宾语宾补宾补原因状语原因状语表
17、语表语目的状语目的状语宾补宾补目的状语目的状语定语定语定语定语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾语主语主语用作主语用作主语（动名词做主语谓语动词用动名词做主语谓语动词用单数单数）直接位于句首做主语直接位于句首做主语 Eg：在夏天，游泳是我最喜欢的运动。在夏天，游泳是我最喜欢的运动。EgEg：爬山真有趣。：爬山真有趣。用用it做形式主语，真正主语置于句尾做后置主语。做形式主语，真正主语置于句尾做后置主语。it is no use/no good+doing(做做是没有用处的）是没有用处的）it is a waste of time+doing（做（做是浪费时间）是浪费时间）it is hard+doing（
18、做（做很艰难）很艰难）it is fun+doing（做（做很有趣）很有趣）Swimming is my favorite sport in summer。Climbing mountains is really fun动名词动名词:名词性质名词性质,即动词后加即动词后加ing,ing,就使之就使之变成变成了一了一个个名词名词来用来用;用作宾语 EgEg：我：我很喜欢打很喜欢打篮球。篮球。Eg:Eg:他不介意等我们。他不介意等我们。EgEg：我害怕失去我最好的朋友。：我害怕失去我最好的朋友。EgEg：他擅长用英语写作。：他擅长用英语写作。I like playing basketball ve
19、ry much。He doesnt mind waiting for us。I am afraid of losing my best friend.He is good at writing in English做表语 动名词做表语时句子主语常表示动名词做表语时句子主语常表示无生命的事物的名词或无生命的事物的名词或whatwhat引导的名引导的名词性从句词性从句，表语动名词与主语是，表语动名词与主语是对等对等的关系，表示主语的内容。主语的关系，表示主语的内容。主语，表语位置可互换，表语位置可互换。EgEg：你的任务就是擦窗户。：你的任务就是擦窗户。EgEg：你的爱好就是弹钢琴。：你的爱好就是
20、弹钢琴。做定语（表示被修饰词的某种用途）a dining hall,a waiting room,a swimming pool,a sleeping car,Your task is cleaning the windowsHis hobby is playing the piano。功能功能例句例句作主语作主语Saying so much is useless.说这么多没有说这么多没有什么用处。什么用处。作表语作表语His job is teaching Chinese in a school.他的工作是在一所学校教中文。他的工作是在一所学校教中文。作宾语作宾语Mary finished
21、reading the novel last night.玛丽昨晚看完了这本小说。玛丽昨晚看完了这本小说。作定语作定语We need a washing machine.我们需要一我们需要一台洗衣机。台洗衣机。动名词的用法动名词的用法常接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语：常接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语：mind介意；介意；finish完成；完成；enjoy喜欢，享受；喜欢，享受；practice练习；练习；miss思念；思念；suggest建议；建议；by busy忙于；忙于；be used to习惯于；习惯于；have trouble/difficulty in.在在有困难；有困难；keep
22、on继续；继续；give up放弃；放弃；cant help情不自禁；情不自禁；have fun玩得开心；玩得开心；be worth值得；值得；look forward to期待，盼望期待，盼望；feel like想要想要既可以接动名词也可以接动词不定式的搭配既可以接动名词也可以接动词不定式的搭配stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事try doing sth.尝试做某事尝试做某事try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事设法或努力去做某事forget doing sth.忘了做过某事（已做）忘了做过某事（已做）
23、forget to do sth.忘了要去做某事（未做）忘了要去做某事（未做）need doing sth.需要做某事（被动含义）需要做某事（被动含义）need to do sth.需要去做某事（主动含义）需要去做某事（主动含义）1.2.3.4.可以接to do和doing，意义不同 to do忘记要做某事 to do开始做某事 doing忘记做了某事 doing停止做某事forgetstoprememberto do记得要做某事记得要做某事doing记得做过某记得做过某事事regretto dodoing遗憾要做某事遗憾要做某事后悔做过某事后悔做过某事try努力做某事努力做某事尝试做某事尝试
24、做某事mean学会了做某事学会了做某事功能功能例句例句说明说明定语定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下面的那个女孩你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗？吗？China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。中国是一个发展中国家。分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。它所修饰的词。状语状语The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。学生们谈笑着走出了教室。分词的逻辑主语是句子
25、的主句分词的逻辑主语是句子的主句主语。主语。功能功能例句例句说明说明表语表语The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。征；过去分词表示某种状态。补足语补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his ha
26、ir cut after school.放学后他要去理发。放学后他要去理发。现在分词作补足语，被补足的现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即即主动关系主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语辑宾语(即被动关系即被动关系)。1._(keep)healthy,we need to drive less and walk more.2.It is not good to drink plenty of cold water immed-iately after _(run)for such a
27、 long time.3.Youd better _(tell)Oliver about it.Its a secret.To keeprunningnot tell4.I have a good friend.She always does what she can _(help)me with my study.5.We advise parents _(leave)their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.6.Would you mind not _(smoke)in the dinning h
28、all?to helpnot to leavesmoking7.It is difficult for people today _(imagine)what life will be like in a hundred years.8.Mary likes erasers.She enjoys _(collect)all kinds of beautiful erasers.9.I forgot _(water)the flowers minutes ago and watered them again.to imaginecollectingwatering10.我认为每天早上读英语是有必要的。我认为每天早上读英语是有必要的。_ _11.If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment,Im sure the world will be more and more beautiful._ _ I think it necessary to read English every如果我们每个人都为保护环境做出一点贡献，如果我们每个人都为保护环境做出一点贡献，morning.我相信世界将会变得越来越美好。我相信世界将会变得越来越美好。
