1、简单句和并列句复习各类句式 并列句简单句简单句复合句一、简单句一、简单句 由一个主语(或并列主语)加一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫简单句。五大基本句型：1.1.主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物不及物)这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语都是不及物动词 Things change.事物是变化的。Nobody went.没有人去。2.2.主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语 这种句型称为主系表结构 Mr.Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了。She became a lawyer.她当了律师。3.3.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 这
2、种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语是及物动词，We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。4.4.主语主语+谓语谓语+双宾双宾 这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构 Ill write you a long letter.5.5.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，I found the book easy.Ill let him go.有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句.China and other count
3、ries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.Mr.Wang and I often work together and help each other.简单句的分类陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句肯定句否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句祈使句的肯定结构动词原形+其他 Catch the ball.Do+动词原形 Do come earlier tomorrow.Please+动词原形或动词原形+pleaseYou+动词原形 You boys carry water.祈使句的否定结构Do not（dont）+动词原形 Dont smoke in
4、the hospital.Never+动词原形 Never forget your study.Let+宾格+not+动词原形 Lets not touch the picture.Dont you+动词原形 Dont you call me john,call me Mr.Brown.No+动名词 No fishing!感叹句What 引导的感叹句What+a+可数名词单数+主谓 what a day it is!2.What+不可数名词+主谓 what fun it is!3.What+复数名词+主谓 what flowers they are!4.What+a+adj.+可数名词单数+主
5、谓 what a big apple it is!5.What+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+主谓 what bad weather it is!How 引导的感叹句How+adj.+主谓How lovely the baby is!2.How+adv.+主谓How hard he works!3.How+adj.+a+可数名词单数+主谓How clever a boy he is!4.How+adj.+(it is)+of sb to do How stupid of you to say so!5.How+adj.+(it is)+for sb to do How important i
6、t is for us to learn English well!6.How+主谓How time flies!二、并列句二、并列句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,并列连词有：and,but,or,so等。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。I am poor,but Im happy.Mary is singing,and Kate is dancing.反义疑问句的回答The exam is difficult,isnt it?The exam isnt difficult,is it?The exam is easy
7、,isnt it?The exam isnt easy,is it?Yes,it is.是的，很难。No,it isnt.不，不难。Yes,it is.不，很难。No,it isnt.是的，不难。Yes,it is.是的，很简单。No,it isnt.不，不简单。Yes,it is.不，很简单。No,it isnt.是的，不简单。如果陈述部分的主语是不定代词no one,nobody,everyone,someone,everybody,somebody,none等时，其附加问句的主语侧重全部时可用they,侧重个体时也可以用he.Everyone knows the answer,dont
8、they/doesnt he?2.陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything,anything,something,nothing时，附加问句的主语用it.Everything he said is true,isnt it?3.陈述部分的主语是one,附加问句的主语正式场合用one,非正式场合用you.One should be honest,shouldnt one/you?4.陈述部分是there be 结构，表存在，附加问句仍用there,陈述部分是there引导的倒装结构，附加问句与陈述部分的主语一致。There comes the bus,doesnt it?5.陈述部分
9、的主谓部分是I am结构时，附加问句用arent I 或cant you see;主谓部分是I am not时，附加问句用am I?I am older than you,arent I?6.陈述部分是感叹句时，动词用否定式，代词与感叹句中的名词或代词一致。What delicious food it is,isnt it?7.陈述部分含有情态动词must,要根据其在陈述部分中的意义决定，表必须时，用mustnt 或neednt；We must work hard at physics,mustnt/neednt we?表推测时由must后面的动词决定；He must be good at E
10、nglish,isntt he?mustnt 表示不准，禁止，附加问句用must,may.You mustnt walk on the ice,must/may you?当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语），问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用“havent/hasnt+主语”。8.陈述部分含有used to,附加问句用usednt或didnt.He used to live in the country,didnt/usednt he
11、?9.陈述部分含有had better时，附加问句用hadnt.We had better go to school,hadnt we?10.当陈述部分有never，seldom,hardly，few，little，rarely,scarcely,nothing 等否定意义的词时，附加问句则为肯定形式。He is never late for school,is he?11.祈使句中，当开头是Lets时，要用shall we。其余用will you（包括 Let us）。Turn on the radio,will you?She must have read the novel last w
12、eek,didnt she?You must have told her about it,havent you?12.think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。(1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句应与从句相一致。I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend,wont she/he?I dont believe that he can translate this book,can he?(2).当主句的主语为
13、第二、三人称时，附加问句则应与主句相一致（此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关）。You thought they could have completed the project,didnt you?They dont believe shes an engineer,do they?13.陈述部分是并列句，附加问句与邻近分句一致，若是复合句，则和主句保持一致。She works hard and she is the best one in he factory,isnt she？14.陈述部分用了带否定前缀的派生词，如dislike,useless,unfair等时，附加问句仍用否定式。It is unfair,isnt it?15.陈述部分含有tooto时，附加问句用肯定形式。He is too weak to carry the TV,is he?16.陈述部分为强调句时，用isnt it/wasnt it.It is in the office that he works,isnt it?
