1、专题十六事实细节 角度1事实认定细节这类题包括对一个短语、一个句子的理解，对前后信息的整合，简单计算，可以通过直接辨认或间接辨认就可以得到答案。【典例】When Frida Kahlos paintings were on show in London，a poet described her paintings as“a ribbon(丝带)around a bomb”Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time.Sadly，she is actually a much
2、 bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City，Kahlo suffered from polio(小儿麻痹症)at the age of seven.Her spine(脊柱)became bent as she grew older.Then，in 1925，her back was broken in several places in a schoolbus accident.Throughout the rest of her life，the art
3、ist had many operations，but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.However，the accident had an unexpected side effect.While lying in her bed recovering，Kahlo taught herself to paint.In 1929，she got married to Diego Rivera，another famous Mexican artist.Riveras strong influence on Kahl
4、os style can be seen in her early works，but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works，show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately，her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s，even in her home country.Her first onewoman show in Mexico was not held until 19
5、53.For more than a decade after her death in 1954，Kahlos works remained largely unnoticed by the world，but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.(2012安徽C篇)【语篇解读】本文属于人物传记。墨西哥女画家弗里达卡罗，身残志不残，创作了无数优秀作品。虽然在有生之年其作品未能受到应有的关注，但她最终于上世纪70年代赢得了国际声誉。1The terrible pain Kahlo suffered wa
6、s caused by .ApolioBher bent spineCback injuriesDthe operations she had解析根据第二段的第三句和第四句可知，卡罗的背部的剧烈疼痛是由那次校车事故造成的。而手术是为了治好背部的伤，而不是造成她背部疼痛的原因，考查细节理解。答案C2Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the .A1930sB1940sC1950sD1970s解析根据第三段第二句的后半句“but her later works from the 1940s，known today as he
7、r best works，show less influence from her husband”可知选B，考查时间细节理解。答案B【知识链接】巧用“导读法”快速定位细节做事实认定类细节题时，一般采用导读法，即先读题，然后带着题干信息快速浏览全文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行比较、分析、对比，最后得出答案。做题时注意同一语意的不同表达方式，有时为了增加试题的难度问题的表达一般不用文章中的原话，而是使用同义词、近义词、句型的变换来表达，因此，一定要先看题干，理清问题所在。角度2排列顺序及图文信息类细节理解排列顺序类细节理解常让考生阅读较多的事实细节，按作者的意图，以时间或空间顺
8、序排列。图文信息类细节题要求考生认真阅读并辨识图表或图画中提供的语言信息等，进行直接或间接地理解事实细节。【典例】What brings a nation together？Of the four choicesshared values，language，history，and religion，its shared values.In our latest poll(民意调查)，seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor(因素)bringing a nation together，and six preferr
9、ed language.Both choices scored high in the poll，suggesting that our values and how we express them are closely linked.Still，history was not forgotten in some countries，particularly in Mexico and Russia.Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second most important factor un
10、iting their people.The biggest surprise？Not one country picked religion as its top choice.Respect your eldersIn most countries，the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old.Do you speak Canadian？Language scored lower in Canada than in al
11、l other countries polled，perhaps because the country speaks two official languages，French and English.Church and stateMost people polled do not connect their religious beliefs to their national pride.Religion ranked last in 13 countrieswith France scoring it at 1%，the lowest of all.(2012陕西，A)【语篇解读】本
12、文为应用文，主要针对“What brings a nation together？”展开了一项民意调查，并将结果以表格的形式呈现。1According to the poll，what was the most important factor in bringing a nation together?ALanguage.BValues.CHistory.DReligion.解析事实细节题。根据文章第二句话“.its shared values.”可以判断本题选择B项。答案B2In which country did language score the lowest in their na
13、tional pride?ACanada.BMexico.CFrance.DAmerica.解析事实细节题。通过文章中三个分栏中的第二个分栏“Do you speak Canadian？”中的第一句话“Language scored lower in Canada than in all other countries polled.”可知本题选择A项。答案A3According to the charts，shared values and language were considered equally important in .AAustraliaBBrazilCChinaDIndia
14、解析事实细节题。通过文章中表格“Shared values won out in.”和“Shared language was on top in.”中各项数据的对比可以看出India在两项中是一样的32，故选择D项。答案D【知识链接】“首尾定位”速解题做事实排序题的时候，可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，利用排除法迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出答案。按图索骥理线索，图文参照定答案在有图表、图画的阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在文章中，比如地图、气象图、柱状图等；有的则出现在选项中。这些图表、图画的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答图文信息
15、理解题时，一定要把握图表、图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图表、图画来表达的，我们可以采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证。角度3数字计算类细节题数字计算类细节理解题主要涉及到数字信息，要求考生认真分析各项数据及要求，进行推理与计算。【典例】The valuepacked，allinclusive sightseeing package that combines the best of Sydneys harbour，city，bay and beach highlights.A Sydney Pass gives you unlimited and flexib
16、le travel on the Explorer Buses：theredSydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the blueBondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches.Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises(游船)You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses，Sydney Fe
17、rries or CityRail services(limited area)，so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour，sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise.The possibilities and plans are endless with a Sydney Pass.Wherever you
18、decide to go，remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in，first seated basis.Sydney Passes are available for 3.5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period.With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it.All S
19、ydney Passes include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days，and the return trip is valid(有效的)for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.Sydney Pass FaresAdultChild*Family*3 day ticket$90$45$2255 day ticket$120$60$3007 day ticket$140$70$350*A child is defined
20、as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years.Children under 4 years travel free.*A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.(2012上海，B)【语篇解读】本文属于新闻广告类。介绍“悉尼之行”，包括悉尼海湾、悉尼渡船、著名的海鲜食物及往返行程票价。1A Sydney Pass doesnt offer unlimited
21、 rides on .Athe Explorer BusesBthe harbour cruisesCregular Sydney BusesDCity Rail services解析事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句话.CityRail services(limited area)可知，这个旅行游览项目是不提供无限制乘坐的。答案D2With a Sydney Pass，a traveller can .Asave fares from and to the airportBtake the Sydney Explorer to beachesCenjoy the famous seafood f
22、or freeDreserve seats easily in a restaurant解析事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句话可知答案，所有的“悉尼之行”包括“.a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days，and the return trip is valid for two months from the first day your ticket is used.”可知答案为A。答案A3If 5day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who
23、travelled with her colleague and her children，aged 3,6 and 10，what would the lowest cost be?A$225.B$330.C$360.D$420.解析数字计算类细节题。计算票价花费，成年人每人$120，两个成年人$240,3岁的孩子免费，所以两个孩子费用是$120，总共花费是$360。答案C【知识链接】三步助你扭乾坤数字计算题是近几年高考常考的内容，此类试题在文章中可以直接找到相关细节，但要经过具体的计算才能够得到答案。文中出现的许多数字信息，有时会通过单词表现出来，如decade，century，fortn
24、ight，double，score等，它们对做题会起到一定的作用。解答这类题时，应从以下三步入手；第一步：认真审题，看清题目问的是什么；第二步：带着题干信息迅速在文章中找到相关细节；第三步：对相关细节进行对比、分析、计算，最后得出答案。体验高考体验高考防范1粗心大意，断句取意【典例】Cold weather can be hard on pets，just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所)as they ar
25、e.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.(2012全国，A)What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?ATh
26、ey are often forgotten by their owners.BThey are used to living outdoors.CThey build their own shelters.DThey like to stay in warm places.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。全文从人们对宠物抵御寒冷天气问题上所存在的错误做法展开，层层说明动物与环境的密切关系。解析从第一段“Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所)as they are.(有时宠物的主
27、人忘记了他们的宠物和他们一样习惯了温暖的住所。)”可知答案。答案D【探究】误选错因分析A粗心理解句意，断句能力差。误解为：Sometimes owners forget their pets.B断句取意：误解.all animals are used to living outdoors.C不求甚解，断句取意。.used to the warm shelter.防范2粗心大意，审题不严谨【典例】Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out，stay ou
28、tside with them.When youre cold enough to go inside，they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time，make sure they have a warm，solid shelter against the wind，thick bedding，and plenty of nonfrozen water.(2012全国，A)Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out
29、in cold weather?ATo know when to bring them inside.BTo keep them from eating bad food.CTo help them find shelters.DTo keep them company.解析事实细节题。从第二段“When youre cold enough to go inside，they probably are too.”可知，动物与人一样，当天气冷时，它们也要到房子里面去。故选A。答案A【探究】误选错因分析B审题不严谨，题干设问似懂非懂，不会排除干扰项C审题不严谨，文章内容说“确保”它们有住所，没说“
30、帮助”它们找住所D对stay with不求甚解，审题不严防范3自以为是，脱离原文【典例】Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg，a distance of about eighty miles.It was late.Several times I got stuck behind a slowmoving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I became increasingly impatient.At one point alon
31、g an open road，I came to a crossing with a traffic light.I was alone on the road by now，but as I drove near the light，it turned red and I made a stop.I looked left，right and behind me.Nothing.Not a car，no suggestion of car lamps，but there I sat，waiting for the light to change，the only human being fo
32、r at least a mile in any direction.(2012全国，C)Why did the author get impatient while driving?AHe was lonely on the road.BHe was slowed down by a truck.CHe got tired of driving too long.DHe came across too many traffic lights.解析事实细节题。根据第一段“Several times I got stuck behind.and I became increasingly imp
33、atient.”可知，自己有点儿不耐烦了，这是因为被大卡车阻挡了好几次。答案B【探究】误选错因分析A脱离原文，自己臆想，凭感觉判断。受第二段I was alone影响C脱离原文，文章第一段仅说到“a distance of about eighty miles”，并未涉及“厌倦”驾驶D第二段提到“I came to a crossing with a traffic light.”来说“too many traffic lights，”脱离原文而误选【名师支招】做事实细节题要用原文定位法根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。在读文章之前先读题，对要考查的细节部分做简要记录，这样，在读文章时才能快而准地锁定目标信息，以便节省时间和减少反复寻找细节的麻烦。对细节的考查通常涉及一些长难句，对此，不要惊慌，首先判断是简单句还是复合句，若是简单句，先找句子的主、谓、宾，理解其主要意义，再加附属成分的意义。若是复合句，先判断从句，再分析各自的意义，最后整合句子意义。切不可断章取意，脱离原文。专题测试专题测试
