1、International Business EnglishLesson 1International BusinessBusiness KnowledgeThe major differences between international business and domestic business Differences in legal systems Differences in currencies Differences in cultural background Different in natural and economic conditionsThe major typ
2、es of international business A.Trade Commodity trade Service trade B.Investment Foreign direct investment Portfolio investment C.Other types Licensing and franchising Management contract and contract manufacturing Turnkey project and BOTTrade Terms Customs area关税区:Conversion货币兑换Visible trade有形贸易有形贸易
3、:The form of commodity trade,i.e.exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(including cash transaction-by means of money and market,and counter trade)Invisible trade无形贸易无形贸易:The form of transportation,communication,banking,insurance,co
4、nsulting,information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries.FDI外国直接投资外国直接投资:Foreign direct investments.Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.Portf
5、olio investment证券投资证券投资:Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.Stocks股票:Capital stocks or bonds.Bonds债券债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.Maturity（票据等）到期Certificate of deposit大额
6、存单Licensing许可经营许可经营:In licensing,a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business,and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.Franchising特许经营特许经营:Under franchising,fran
7、chisee is allowed to operate in the name of another,franchiser who provides the former with trademarks,brand names,logos and operating techniques for royalty.Trade Mark商标Patent专利Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税Copyright版权Licenser许可方Licensee被许可方 Franchiser特许方特许方:A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks,
8、brand names,logos and operating techniques for royalty.Franchisee被特许方被特许方:A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.Management contract管理合同管理合同:Under a management contract,one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment o
9、r a percentage of the relevant business volume.Value chain价值链Turnkey project“交钥匙交钥匙”工程工程:For an international turnkey project,a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing,contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.BOT建
10、设、经营和移交建设、经营和移交:Build,Operate,TransferExpertise专门知识Bonus红利、奖金、津贴Royalty 许可使用费International investment国际投资国际投资:Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.Contract manufacturing承包生产GATT关贸总协定关贸总协定:General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeInternational business国际商务国际商务:Transaction between par
11、ties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.Intellectual property知识产权Oil deposit:石油储备=oil reservesthe reserves of natural resources 自然资源储备Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。Internati
12、onal business refers to transaction between parties form different countries.It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.With the development of economic globalization,few people or companies can completely stay away from international business.Therefore,some knowled
13、ge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.Other forms for participating in international business are management contract,contract manufacturing and turnkey project.International business first took the form of commodity trade,i.e.exporting and impo
14、rting goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.Besides trade and investment,international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.International Business EnglishLesson 2Income Level and the World MarketBusiness Kn
15、owledgeGNP and GDPPer capita income and per capita GDPHigh-income,middle income and low-income countriesStandards for classificationRepresentative countriesTriad and Quad United States Western Europe Japan Canada Other important markets for ChinaTrade Terms 1.GNP国民生产总值:Gross national Product.The mar
16、ket value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.2.GDP国内生产总值:Gross Domestic Product.The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3.National income国民收入4.Per capita income人均收入5.Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值
17、:It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population,which reveals the average income level of consumers.6.PPP购买力平价:Purchasing power parity7.Consumerism消费主义8.Income distribution收入分布:The proportions of its rich,middle income and poor people.9.Infrastructure基础设施10.Staple goods大路货11.Invoice（开）
18、发票12.Creditor country债权国13.OECD经合组织，经济合作与开发组织:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.14.The Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体，独立国家联合体15.ASEAN 东盟，东南亚国家联盟:Association of Southeast Asian Nationals.16.NIEs（亚洲四小虎）:Newly Industrialized Economies17.Factors of production生产要素 GNP and GDP
19、are two important concepts used to indicate a countrys total income.The difference between them is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the country where production takes place.In assessing the potential of a country as a market,people of
20、ten look at per capita income since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income,middle-income and low-income economies.China with a per capita income of over$1100 is a middle-income country th
21、ough it was a low-income country just a few years ago.As far as China is concerned,other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us:the Four Tigers,the ASEAN countries,Russia,etc.These countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China.
