1、 Unit 12 Business Contracts Contents 1.商务合同的格式复习2.商务合同的词汇翻译3.商务合同的句式翻译4.商务合同的主要术语 A contract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.It is enforceable by law,and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensati
2、on,though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.The contract is based on agreement,which is the result of business negotiations.There are two types of business negotiations:oral and written.1商务合同的要素l 1.Name of Commodity l 2.Specifications,Quantity and Unit Price;l 3.Total Value(USD);l 4.Countr
3、y of Origin and Manufactures;l 5.Packingl 6.Shipping Mark:l 7.Time of shipment:l 8.Port of Shipment;l 9.Port of Destination;1商务合同要素l 10.Payment:l 11.Insurance:l 12.Documentsl 13.Overdue Interest(欠息)l 14.Inspection:l 15.Penalty:l 16.Force Majeure:l 17.Claims:l 18.Termination(终止)1 商务合同要素l 19.Notice:l
4、20.Incoterms(international commercial term)国际商务术语l 21.Arbitration 1商务合同要素复习l 专业术语的翻译 商务合同中涉及很多专业术语,翻译时必须做到准确无误。这些术语和专业词汇使用频率高,只要用心积累,不难掌握。如:Force Majeure(不可抗力),defect(瑕疵),remedy(救济),jurisdiction(管辖),damage(摧毁),loss(灭失),draft at sight(即期汇票),letter of credit(信用证),bill of lading(提单),documents against a
5、cceptance(承兑交单),bill of exchange(汇票),firm offer(实盘)等。2.商务合同的专业术语翻译l 3.1 合同用词的翻译 合同英语的用词极其考究,翻译通常需要注意以下几个方面:(1)情态动词may,shall,may not,must 的翻译 may 旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),shall 约定当事人的义务(应当做什么),must 用于强制性义务(必须做什么),may not 用于禁止性义务(不得做什么)。例如:双方首先应通过友好协商,解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议 The parties hereto shall,first of all,
6、settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations.。3.商务合同用词翻译 3.2合同中易混淆用词的翻译(1)shipping advice与shipping instructions shipping advice是“装运通知”,是由出口商(卖主)发给进口商(买主)的。然而shipping instructions则是“装运须知”,是进口商(买主)发给出口商(卖主)的。(2)vendor(卖主)与vendee(买主)(3)consignor(发货人)与consi
7、gnee(收货人)(4)abide by与comply with:当主语是“人”时,英译“遵守”须用abide by;当主语是非人称时,则用comply with英译“遵守 (5)in 与 after 当英译“多少天之后”的时间时,往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天,所以必须用介词 in,而不能用 after,因为介词 after 指的是“多少天之后”的不确切的任何一天。3.商务合同用词翻译l 3.2 合同中易混淆用词的翻译(6)change A to B与change A into B 英译“把A改为B”用“change A to B”,英译“把A折合成/兑换成B”用“change A in
8、to B”,两者不可混淆。例:交货期改为8月并将美元折合成人民币。Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.(7)by 与 before当英译终止时间时,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所写日期时,就用介词 by;如果不包括所写日期,即指到所写日期的前一天为止,就要用介词 before。例:卖方须在 6 月 15 日前将货交给买方。The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June
9、15.3.商务合同用词翻译 4商务合同常见法律词汇翻译l 法律合同用副词的翻译 商务合同属于法律性公文,通常使用一套惯用的古体英文副词,起到结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。例如:hereafter,从此以后;thereafter,从那以后;thereon/thereupon,在其上 thereunder 在其下;hereto 对于这个;hereinabove,在上文;hereinafter 在下文 thereinbefore,在上文中;thereinafter 在下文中。5商务合同的同义词翻译l 同义词的翻译 英语商务合同中,常把几个同义词并列使用,以避免合同双方当事人按自己的意图来理解合
10、同条文从而导致歧义。翻译时,应取这几个同义词的共义,以保证内容准确,维护法律文件的严肃性。常见的这类并列同义词有:terms and conditions(条款)made and sign(签订 force and effect(效力),all and any(所有),each and every(每一个),approve and accept(同意接受),by and between(与),fulfill and perform(履行),save and except(除了),final and conclusive(最终)alter and change (变更),bind and obl
11、igate(承担)5商务合同的双介词翻译l 双介词/双连词的翻译 (1)为英译出双方责任的权限与范围,常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。and/or 例:如果上述货物对船舶和(或)船上其它货物造成任何损害,托运人应 负全责。译文:The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.(2)by and between(双方)例:买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。译文:This Contract is made by and between
12、the Buyer and the Seller,whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.5商务合同的双介词翻译l 双介词/双连词的翻译 (2)英译起止时间时,常用双介词来限定准确的时间 例:自9月20日起,甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。译文:Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or
13、to collect any account on and after September 20.例:我公司的条件是,3个月内,即不得晚于5月1日,支付现金。译文:Our terms are cash within three months,i.e.on or before May 1.from and above(上述);under and by(根据);when and as 6 商务合同的句式翻译l 合同句式的翻译 英语商务合同中,有些句式是几乎每一份合同都要用到的,这些英语商务合同中,有些句式是几乎每一份合同都要用到的,这些句式的翻译也往往是约定俗成的。常见的句式如句式的翻译也往往是约
14、定俗成的。常见的句式如:例 1:本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成,一式四份。双方 执英文本和中文本各一式两份,两种文字具有同等效力。上述两种文字如有不符,以中文本为准。译文:The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate,both texts being equally authentic,and each Party shall hold two copies of each text.In the event of any discrepancy between the two versio
15、ns,the Chinese version shall prevail.6 商务合同的句式翻译l 合同句式的翻译 例(2)保险:由卖方按中国人民保险公司条款照发票总值110%投保一切险及战争险。译文:INSURANCE:To be covered by the Sellers for 110%of Invoice value against All Risks and War Risk as per(=as according to)the relevant clauses of The Peoples Insurance Company of China.6 商务合同的句式翻译l 合同句式
16、的翻译 例(3)支付:不可撤销即期信用证转船前30天开到卖方。译文:Payment:By the irrevocable L/C at sight reach the sellers 30 days before the time of shipment.例(4):如果买方向卖方提出索赔(包括换货),并出具了相应的检验证明,卖方将支付全部费用。译文:The Buyer shall make a claim against Seller(including the replacement)by the further inspection certificate)and all the expe
17、nses incurred there from are borne by the seller.7 商务合同的主要术语l 价格术语翻译实例一:FOB Zhongshan Port USD4.58USD/PCS 1USD=8.0350RMB离岸价(中山装运港船上交货,单价4.58美元/支,汇率:1美元=8.0350元)实例二:CFR Zhongshan Port USD4.58USD/PCS 1USD=8.0350RMB 成本加运费(中山装运港船上交货,单价4.58美元/支,汇率:实例三:CIF New York Port USD4.58USD/PCS(1USD=8.0350RMB)成本加运费
18、保险费(中山装运港船上交货,单价4.58美元/支,汇实例四:EXW Shenzhen Techone Tech Co.,Ltd RMB36.8003/PCS 工厂交货价(深圳电王科技有限公司交货,单价36.8003元/支)7 商务合同的主要术语l 价格术语翻译FOB(free on board):离岸价 买方负责租船订舱、到付运费;办理保险、支付保险CIF(cost,insurance and freight):到岸价 卖方负责租船订舱、预付运费;办理保险、支付保险;CFR(cost+freight):离岸+运费价 卖方负责租船订舱、预付运费;买方负责办理保险、支付保险;7 商务合同的主要术语
19、l 支付术语翻译l 即期信用证,远期信用证:Sight L/C,L/C at sight,Usance L/C l 可撤销信用证,不可撤销信用证:Revocable L/C,Irrevocable L/C l 跟单信用证,光票信用证:Documentary L/C,Clean L/C l 可转让信用证,不可转让信用证:Transferable L/C,Untransferable L/C l 预付定金,支付余款 Pay the deposit in advance,Pay the balance 7 商务合同的主要术语l 装运术语翻译:l 装运日期,装运期限,装运时间 Shipping date,Time Limit,Time of shipment l 起运港,目的港,装运港/装货港,卸货港,转运港 Departure Port,Destination Port,Loading Port,Unloading Port,Transferring Portl 分批装运,转船 Shipping in batches,Partial Shipment Transshipment l 航空,航海,散货,整装柜 By air,By sea,Goods in bulk,Full Container