1、减词法减词法（Prunning）减词法是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省减词法是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘去。减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘啰嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。啰嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。与英语相比较，汉语中与英语相比较，汉语中代词代词（尤其是人称代词）和（尤其是人称代词）和连词连词（尤其是并列连词（尤其是并列连词“和和”）使用的很少，能省略的代词和连）使用的很少，能省略的代词和连接词一般都不在句子里出现。接词一般都不在句子里出现。此外此外冠词、动词不定式符号、部分介词还有系动词
2、冠词、动词不定式符号、部分介词还有系动词都可都可以省略。以省略。Week Four减词法减词法减词法减词法装船细节：包括是否允许转运以及装船的最后日期和装船、装船细节：包括是否允许转运以及装船的最后日期和装船、卸货的港口名称。（就出口商而言，若获许可从英国的任何卸货的港口名称。（就出口商而言，若获许可从英国的任何港口装船则最为有利，以便在一些港口受到罢工影响时，出港口装船则最为有利，以便在一些港口受到罢工影响时，出口商有选择的余地。对卸货港口亦然。）口商有选择的余地。对卸货港口亦然。）译文省略了从汉语角度看属于多余的成分，同时还在句法上译文省略了从汉语角度看属于多余的成分，同时还在句法上采用了
3、并句的翻译方法，其目的是让译文更加凝练。采用了并句的翻译方法，其目的是让译文更加凝练。1.Apple has scrapped its longstanding free-of-charge return policy in Hong Kong and Macao,in a sign of the tech giants determination to deter scalpers from making a quick buck on its newly launched handsets.苹果取消了香港和澳门地区一直以来实行的苹果取消了香港和澳门地区一直以来实行的免费退货政策免费退货政策
4、，此，此举显示了苹果公司打击（防止）黄牛靠着新发布的机型谋取暴举显示了苹果公司打击（防止）黄牛靠着新发布的机型谋取暴利的决心。利的决心。（省略代词）（省略代词）2.Under the existing law,properties that can be entrusted are limited to money,securities,money claims（货币债权货币债权）,and movable and immovable assets.依据现行法律，可以信托的财产依据现行法律，可以信托的财产限于限于货币、证券、货币货币、证券、货币债权、动产和不动产。债权、动产和不动产。（省略系动词
5、）（省略系动词）减词法练习：译文对照减词法练习：译文对照1.It seems perverse that poor countries today prefer to buy low-yielding American government bonds when they could earn higher returns by investing in their own economics.译文一：译文一：穷国倾向于购买美国政府发行的低利率国债，穷国倾向于购买美国政府发行的低利率国债，这点有悖常理，因为倘若他们将这些盈余投资于本国经这点有悖常理，因为倘若他们将这些盈余投资于本国经济，那么所
6、能赚取的利润会更高。济，那么所能赚取的利润会更高。译文二：如今，贫穷的国家在自己投资本国经济时可以译文二：如今，贫穷的国家在自己投资本国经济时可以获取更高收益的情况下，更愿意购买低收益的美国政府获取更高收益的情况下，更愿意购买低收益的美国政府债券，这似乎有悖常理。债券，这似乎有悖常理。减词法练习：译文对照减词法练习：译文对照2.The exact reason for Apple suddenly disallowing returns and exchanges at its five Hong Kong retail locations,and whether it is a tempor
7、ary move,remains unclear at this time.译文一：苹果公司突然宣布香港零售地点出售的产品不译文一：苹果公司突然宣布香港零售地点出售的产品不允许退换，这是否是一种临时的举动，目前仍然不清楚。允许退换，这是否是一种临时的举动，目前仍然不清楚。译文二：苹果公司突然取消香港五家官方零售店所出售译文二：苹果公司突然取消香港五家官方零售店所出售商品的退换服务，其确切原因（是否为临时举措）目前商品的退换服务，其确切原因（是否为临时举措）目前仍不得而知。仍不得而知。为了避免文章的单调乏味，英文中往往尽量要避免用为了避免文章的单调乏味，英文中往往尽量要避免用词重复。除了使用代词
8、外，同一件事物常用拼写不同而意词重复。除了使用代词外，同一件事物常用拼写不同而意义相近的词来表示。回避重复是英语的一大特色。义相近的词来表示。回避重复是英语的一大特色。汉语的重复则不会给人以单调乏味的感觉，相反，如汉语的重复则不会给人以单调乏味的感觉，相反，如果使用得当，还可以起到反复强调的作用，使语义明确，果使用得当，还可以起到反复强调的作用，使语义明确，译文生动。重复是汉语的一个明显特点。译文生动。重复是汉语的一个明显特点。重复法重复法（Repetition）1）指代法）指代法 2）替代法）替代法 3）换词法）换词法 4）省略法）省略法 5）保留介词法）保留介词法 6）紧缩法）紧缩法英语回
9、避重复的主要方法英语回避重复的主要方法 Marketing is a pervasive social activity that goes considerably beyond the selling of toothpaste,soap and steel.指代法指代法 A more realistic approach toward international specialization is that of comparative advantage.This concept says that a nation has a comparative advantage in an
10、item if it can produce it more efficiently than alternative products.替代法替代法 The monkeys most extraordinary feat was learning to operate a tractor.By the age of nine,this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed.换词法换词法省略法省略法 I like strong tea,but I suppose weak()is better for
11、you.(回避重复名词回避重复名词)They are not known for their philanthropic work.They never have()and never will().(回避重复动词回避重复动词)A:Would you like to go with me?B:Yes,Id like to.(回避重复不定式回避重复不定式)The orange is ripe.I know()from its color.(回避重复句子回避重复句子)保留介词法保留介词法保留介词法就是保留同一个介词以回避名词、动保留介词法就是保留同一个介词以回避名词、动词或者形容词的重复。如：词或
12、者形容词的重复。如：Discipline is indispensable to victory in war,to success in our work,and indeed,to the realization of our goal.Discipline is indispensable to victory in war,Discipline is indispensable to success in our work,and indeed,Discipline is indispensable to the realization of our goal.保留介词法保留介词法We
13、 talked of ourselves,of our prospects,of the journey,of the weather,of each other-of everything but our host and hostess.We talked of ourselves,We talked of our prospects,We talked of the journey,We talked of the weather,and We talked of each other-talked of everything but our host and hostess.紧缩法紧缩
14、法 紧缩法就是将语句中两个或几个相关联的成分合紧缩法就是将语句中两个或几个相关联的成分合并在一起，以避免一些词语的重复，使文字变得并在一起，以避免一些词语的重复，使文字变得简洁。如：简洁。如：He was particularly interested in the articles on and by Lu Xun.He was particularly interested in the articles on Lu Xun and He was particularly interested in the articles written by Lu Xun.英汉翻译中的重复翻译法英汉翻
15、译中的重复翻译法练习练习1.We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.2.The big company has its disadvantages.3.Managing multinationals means handling both national and organizational culture differences at the same time.重复翻译法练习（一）重复翻译法练习（一）4.Zhou Qunfei,the Director of Bord of the Lens Technology Co.,Ltd
16、.(蓝思科技蓝思科技),became the richest woman in Chinaall by herself.5.Last year,the output of coal in this region amounted to about 20 percent of the whole country,of steel 25 percent,and of cotton 35 percent.6.In fact,the blatant use of money to motivate people either to join an organization or to stay on
17、has created more motivation problems than it has solved.重复翻译法练习（二）重复翻译法练习（二）7.The main difficulty is the shortage of funds,teachers and teaching materials.8.We thank you very much for the warm hospitality accorded to our trade delegation during this visit to your country and for the close co-operation in the business discussions.9.As each currencys value is stated in terms of other currencies,French Francs,then,have a value in US dollars,which have a value in British pounds,which have a value in Japanese yen.重复翻译法练习（三）重复翻译法练习（三）
