1、英语辅导（第三讲）英语辅导（第三讲）图画作文（图画作文（1 1）专题一：第一段套话如何描述专题一：第一段套话如何描述专题二：如何具体描写图画专题二：如何具体描写图画第二节：图画作文第二节：图画作文l专题一、第一段套话如何描述l专题二、如何具体描写图画l专题三、中间段“天龙八部”l专题四、中间段三剑客l专题五、第三段写法2本讲主要内容本讲主要内容一、图画一、图画+提纲作文的特点与要求提纲作文的特点与要求二、第一段套话如何描述二、第一段套话如何描述1）描述图画的常用词）描述图画的常用词2）遇到不会写的单词怎么办？）遇到不会写的单词怎么办？3）写第一段套话的三种思路）写第一段套话的三种思路4）可供参
2、考的替换句型）可供参考的替换句型5）范文）范文1-4三、如何具体描写图画三、如何具体描写图画1）4种描写句型种描写句型2）如何处理）如何处理1个主体个主体2个动作连用的情况个动作连用的情况3）范文）范文5-193图画图画+提纲作文的特点与要求提纲作文的特点与要求特点：l英文看图作文和中文看图作文的模式和思维体系不同。l考研作文的图画选择都含有丰富的寓意。要求：l把握寓意、联系现实、深刻思考、丰富表达。4大作文四大要素大作文四大要素l根据教育部公布的大纲解析，大作文四大要素为描述、寓意、分析、评论。l根据历年考题，首段应是图画描述，不应发表太多议论，否则属于跑题。l图画描述至少应有两句，根据大纲
3、解析，如果图画只字未提，扣三分之一的分数；如果图画只描述一句，属于描述不充分，扣3分。l有多图的情况，可将大图总体描述一句，然后将两幅小图分别描述各一句即可。5攻克图画作文的关键攻克图画作文的关键-仔细分析、观察仔细分析、观察细节细节 l观察图画的同时可以在草稿纸上作相应的笔记1）写出你认为图画中反映的是一个什么样的社会现象和问题；2）简单写下图画中的一些细节。迅速分析这些细节，标明哪些是重点、哪些是次重点、哪些无关紧要，在写作的时候便能够自如把握需要详细描述的信息。3）查漏补缺。67攻克图画作文的关键攻克图画作文的关键-仔细分析、仔细分析、观察细节观察细节l草稿纸上列一个简单的提纲 （这里指
4、的提纲不是考题中已经给出的提纲，而是根据考题的提纲写出自己的行文思路、大意和要点等。）lTips：实践证明列提纲是作文制胜的又一法宝。8正式的写作步骤：正式的写作步骤：1）第一段主要是描述图画中的信息和表达的含义。2）第二段的全文的重点，一般都是要求具体分析图画中暗含的社会现象。3）第三段的要求一般视具体的试题而定，有的要求给出自己的评论、有的要求举例、有的要求考生提出自己的建议以及针对现象应该采取的措施。Tips：第二段和第三段的开头最好写一个主题句，既可以防止离题，又符合英文写作的习惯。9考研论说文框架结构：3段，12句，160200词，57个关联词，57个从句第一段：引言/起始/淘金段，
5、图画描述，3-4句1.总体描述：人物/动物/事物动作环境 1句2.挖掘细节词、串连成句：12句3.文字说明/象征寓意：1句10第二段：主体段，意义阐释，5句1.主题句：象征寓意，1句2.论证：3句1）因果论证2)举例论证 3)联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象）4)正反论证3.小结：概括论证，总结本段 1句 11第三段：结论段，建议措施，4句1.结论句：1句2.针对双方提建议：2句3.包装结尾、展望未来：1句lOnly in this way can we solve this problem.lIt is high time that we sol
6、ved this problem.12l三段的具体写作要点（在以后讲课中将分别提供对每一个段落行之有效的句型和模版）专题一、第一段套话如何描述专题二、如何具体描写图画专题三、中间段“天龙八部”专题四、中间段三剑客专题五、第三段写法13专题一专题一 第一段套话如何描述首段写法首段写法l其实，阅卷教师最重视的就是大作文第一段，也是最难写的段落，盲目套用模板、空发议论，容易导致低分。l阅卷教师最希望看到的写法是:首句总体描述图画，点出人物、动作和环境；次句挖掘细节词、串连成句，将图中细节一网打尽；末句点出文字说明或象征寓意。可以发表议论，最好不要太多。15描述图画的常用词描述图画的常用词l有关图画的
7、名词l描述图画的形容词l修饰动词的副词l“寓意”、“字幕”如何翻译？16替换picture的词语 sketch：素描；速写；草图（rough quickly-made drawing,without many details 素描；速写；草图）drawing 指用线条或色彩绘成的图画。cartoon 指幽默或讽刺性漫画。(amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine,esp one that comments satirically on current events(报刊上的)漫画；（尤指）时事讽刺画。)替换picture的词语 diagram 多指科
8、技书籍或文献中具有概括解说作用的图表、图样或略图。（不能用于图画作文）picture 指广义的“图画”，现多用来指相片、图像。painting 指着色的画。picture that has been painted portrait 指肖像，只用于指人。portrayal：An artists portrayal of something is a drawing,painting,or photograph of it.描述图画的形容词 thought-provoking发人深省的 enlightening 有启迪作用/使人感悟的 compelling/striking/intriguing
9、引人注目/引起兴趣 profound含义深刻=far-reaching implications instructive有益的（=informative）（搭配ADV:extremely,highly,most,particularly,very/quite）amusing 令人发笑的，ridiculous 荒谬可笑的 illuminating(particularly revealing or helpful)富有启发性的；很有助益的；impressive 印象深刻的，exaggerative 夸张的 telling 有效的，生动的，明显的修饰动词的副词：graphically/vividl
10、y生动地 symbolically象征性地 conspicuously/clearly/explicitly清晰地 subtly巧妙地，精细地寓意：句酷双语例句 Is the moral tagged to the story clear?加给故事的寓意明白吗？The implications of this direct investment are many.直接投资理论寓意甚多。The moral of this story is very simple.这个故事的寓意是十分简单的。海词在线词典 寓意深刻 have a profound message/be pregnant with
11、meaning/entertain a thought deeply字幕:Caption 1:short title or heading of an article in a magazine,etc（杂志等文章中（杂志等文章中的）标题，题目的）标题，题目 Caption 2:words printed with an illustration or a photograph in order to describe or explain it（附於插图、照片上（附於插图、照片上的）说明文字的）说明文字1)We are informed by the caption that“_”.2）Th
12、e caption reads/indicates that“_”.遇到不会写的单词怎么办？2种方法：（1）上位概念 （2）同义替换 我们的口号是：没有不会写的，只有我们的口号是：没有不会写的，只有不会想的！不会想的！遇到不会写的单词怎么办？(1）这人很变态：BT?Xbe different from normal people strange/odd/peculiar 遇到不会写的单词怎么办？（2）宫爆鸡丁 a chicken in the court X a dish which I ate in the canteen/on campus 四喜丸子 four happy meatball
13、s X meatballs 遇到不会写的单词怎么办？（3）铁锹、锄头、稿：spade,hoe,pick the tools which are used to plant trees 拐杖：stick The tool which is used to help the disabled/handicap to stand/walk 残疾人：the disabled those who can not move/speak/think normally 遇到不会写的单词怎么办？（4）老百姓 old hundred sex X the general public ordinary people
14、 people from all walks of life遇到不会写的单词怎么办？（5）孝敬老人 respect the old take care of senior citizens care for/about 考研作文中常见的主体 年轻人：the young,teenagers and other youngsters,大学生：college and university students 老人:the old,senior citizens 老百姓:people from all walks of life,ordinary people,the general public写第一
15、段套话的三种思路写第一段套话的三种思路l第一段的思路1：(适合基础弱的考生）全套 半套+描述1 半套+描述2全套l第一段的思路2：(适合基础好的考生）半套+描述1半套+描述2l第一段的思路3：（折衷）半套+描述1半套+描述2全套（全套：即全部套用现成的句子。）30第一段的思路第一段的思路1：(适合基础弱的适合基础弱的考生）考生）全套 半套+描述1 半套+描述2全套 例：What a compelling and thought-provoking drawing it is!As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above,描述1.What impress
16、es me most is that(=The most striking feature of the drawing is that)描述2（图画重点信息）.Simple as the image is,the implications mirrored are apparently(conspicuously)far-reaching.31第一段的思路第一段的思路2：(适合基础好的适合基础好的考生）考生）半套+描述1半套+描述2例：The cartoon subtly(巧妙地)and symbolically(象征性地)depicts a thought-provoking scenar
17、io(场景)in which 描 述 1.Further examination(查阅)reveals that 描 述 2./However,a quick glance at _ reveals ironically that 描 述 2.e.g.32第一段的思路第一段的思路3：（折衷）：（折衷）l半套+描述1半套+描述2全套例：As is vividly depicted in the picture,描述 1.The most striking feature is 描述 2（图画重点信息).There is no doubt that its symbolic meaning sub
18、tly conveyed should be given deep consideration.33可供参考的替换句型可供参考的替换句型 全套：全套：lWhat a compelling and thought-provoking drawing it is!lWhoever in front of this image(=Those who catch sight of this picture)will be much/highly/greatly amused/interested/shocked.lHow interesting and enlightening it is!lIt i
19、s so funny that whoever in front of it cannot help laughing.34可供参考的替换句型:半套+描述1lAs is vividly depicted in the cartoon above,描述1.lWhat is conspicuously/clearly illustrated/presented/portrayed/described in the drawing above is that(描述图画).lThe cartoon depicts a vivid scene in which=Where+(描写图画的一句话)lThe
20、satirical(讽刺性的)sketch graphically(生动的)portrays/depicts a scene in which+句子（一般用于总写）lIt is graphically/symbolically/explicitly/vividly illustrated/demonstrated in the _图_that+同上l例：35可供参考的替换句型可供参考的替换句型:半套半套+描描述述2lWhat impresses me most is that(=The most striking feature of the drawing is that)描述2（图画重点信
21、息）.lThe most striking(引人注目的)feature(特点)of the drawing is(the fact)that _.lWhat makes the drawing striking/intriguing/compelling is the fact that _.36可供参考的替换句型可供参考的替换句型:全套全套lOdd and funny(自己根据情况任意替换形容词)as it seems/appears to be/looks,such/these happenings(事件)/practices/phenomena/stories/cases/events
22、are so pervasive/widespread that we cant afford to ignore/disregard/overlook/pay no attention to them.lOdd and funny(自己根据情况任意替换形容词)as the above image looks/seems to be,the drawer obviously intends for deeper meanings than what is shown superficially.37可供参考的替换句型可供参考的替换句型:全套全套lUncomplicated as the pic
23、ture is,the symbolic meaning(implied meaning)(寓意)is as deep as ocean(profound).lGiven its profound social implication,the thought-provoking phenomenon is well worth our endeavor to explore.有鉴于它深刻的社会寓意，该引人深思现象非常值得我们努力去探究。38可供参考的替换句型可供参考的替换句型:全套全套lThere is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly(巧妙的
24、)conveyed should be given deep consideration.（应关注图画所表达的寓意）lSimple as the image seems to be,the intended/implied meaning goes far deeper.(尽管图画很简单，但其寓意却是非常深奥的)lUndoubtedly/Unquestionably/Indisputably/Incontrovertibly,_.39there is no doubt that-的同义替换的同义替换lundoubtedlyunquestionably incontrovertiblyindis
25、putablydoubtlesslylbeyond any doubtlbeyond questionlwithout doubt40范文范文1：1998年真题年真题 1.Write out the message conveyed by the cartoon.2.Give your comments.41范文范文1：1998年真题年真题lThe cartoon presents a hen singing proudly about her promise of producing good-quality eggs.However,a quick glance at her words
26、reveals ironically that the so-called“promise”round eggs composed of the three necessary parts of shell,white and yolkis,as a matter of fact,what a hen is supposed to produce.l见思路见思路2 另见替换句另见替换句42范文范文2：悄悄话：悄悄话43范文范文2：悄悄话：悄悄话lAs is illustrated in the picture,a couple sleeps on the same bed but they s
27、eem to be rather isolated from each other.Their oral communication has been replaced by online chatting.This picture reveals the in-depth problem of modern peoples alienation from each other,even among family members.44范文范文3：锻炼身体：锻炼身体45范文范文3：锻炼身体：锻炼身体l The picture depicts a man who is happily singin
28、g and walking home with his cute dog.He is coming back from work carrying his briefcase,and he must have stopped by the market on his way,buying vegetables and fish.As is suggested by the picture,he is exercising by waving the briefcase and basket together.46范文范文4：贪吃：贪吃47范文范文4：贪吃：贪吃l这幅图刻画了一个看起来很胖、很富
29、有也很贪吃的男人。他正在毫不知足地吞吃着一桌的美食，而我们惊奇地发现服务员正在上更多的菜。但是，我们不禁担心他的胃是否能够一下子承担如此多的负担。l正如标题所提示的那样，贪吃对于人们的健康只会产生负面效应。48范文范文4：贪吃：贪吃 The cartoon features a man who looks fat,wealthy and greedy for food.He is insatiably(贪得无厌贪得无厌)devouring a table of delicious food,while we are surprised to find that the waiter is se
30、rving him with even more dishes.We cannot help worrying whether this mans stomach can bear so heavy a load all of a sudden.As the caption points out,excessive love for food exerts negative influences on health.(feature：描写的特征，给以显著地位)49专题二：如何具体描写图画专题二：如何具体描写图画4种描写句型种描写句型l主体（+定从）+动作+客体（+定从）e.g.范文4-5l地点
31、+动作+主体（+定从）e.g.范文6-8In the center of the greenhouse(left picture)stands a tender/delicate/lovely flower which grows vigorously/well under the protection of greenhouse.lThere is/are主体（+定从）e.g.范文9l高手版：非谓语动词做插入语，用分词做状语e.g.范文10-1151如何处理如何处理1个主体个主体2个动作连用的个动作连用的情况情况1.非谓语动词做插入语：l首先，找出所有动作，并区分出V主和V次l然后，保留V主
32、，讲V次加-ingl最后，变成“N，V次-ing，V主”的结构，其中，V次-ing做插入语，作为第一段的亮点。2.用分词做伴随状语：A do 1 and do 2doing 1,A do 2e.g.The students followed the teacher and went out.Following the teacher,the students went out.52范文范文5：主体（：主体（+定从）定从）+动作动作+客客体（体（+定从）定从）53Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In y
33、our essay,you should:1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then 3)suggest counter-measures.在这幅图中，我们惊奇地看到死神正坐在一辆行驶的车上，恶毒地看着车中正在打瞌睡的司机。该图显然在告诉我们在交通领域，我们一旦不小心就会有许多潜在的危险。54 In the picture,we are amazed to find that the god of death is sitting maliciously on a bus whose driver
34、 dozed off while driving.It clearly tells us that in the domain of transportation,there are hidden dangers everywhere should we become careless.55范文范文6：地点：地点+动作动作+主体（主体（+定从）定从）03年真题年真题温室花朵经不起风雨温室花朵经不起风雨5603年真题年真题温室花朵经不起风雨温室花朵经不起风雨lIn the center of the greenhouse(picture above)stands a tender/delicat
35、e/lovely flower which grows vigorously/well under the protection of greenhouse.When it is moved out,it can not withstand bad weather and its leaves fall on the ground.5703年真题年真题温室花朵经不起风雨温室花朵经不起风雨 官方版：官方版：l As the title indicates,“greenhouse flowers cannot survive unpleasant weather”,the set of pictu
36、res apparently reminds us that excessive protection only leads to negative results.In the greenhouse a flower blossoms despite of the external rain and thunder,but it withers immediately once being moved out of its cozy haven.58张剑版：张剑版：lThe two pictures show us the relationship between circumstances
37、 and ones growth.At the beginning,a flower thrives on the protection of the greenhouse,its branches tender and petals fresh.However,once removed away from the shelter,the flower withers and its petals fall in the thunderstorm.From the pictures we can see that a flower kept in a greenhouse can never
38、survive the harsh conditions.59范文范文7：地点：地点+动作动作+主体（主体（+定从）定从）06年真题年真题6006年真题年真题 新东方版范文新东方版范文l The two pictures illustrate vividly the popularity of the famous British soccer star David Beckham.In the left picture a man painted Beckhams name on his face to show his support for Beckham,while in the ri
39、ght another is willing to spend three hundred yuan to have a hairstyle that is exactly the same as Beckhams.6106年真题年真题 张剑版范文张剑版范文lAs is shown in the two photos,one man has written“Beckham”on his face and the other is spending RMB 300 to have Beckhams hair style.How mad their behaviors are!62范文范文8：地点
40、：地点+动作动作+主体（主体（+定从）定从）“忧忧”质产品质产品63范文范文8：地点：地点+动作动作+主体（主体（+定从）定从）“忧忧”质产品质产品lIn front of the basin stands a middle-aged man who is brushing his teeth with a painful expression on his face.The quality of the toothbrush is so poor that it hurts his health.64官方版：官方版：l The above picture features a man who
41、 is quite bothered and dissatisfied with his new toothbrush,which is of poor quality.As the caption indicates,the toothbrush is not a product of good attributes(特质特质),but of unsatisfactory ones.We can also guess that such a toothbrush may hurt the mans teeth as well as his mood,inconveniencing him g
42、reatly.65范文范文9：There is/are主体（主体（+定从）定从）00年真题年真题A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing6600年真题年真题l The picture unveils a drastic change of ocean ecology during the past century due to the expanding scale of world commercial fishing.There were few fishing ships on the sea in 1900 when an enormous
43、 number of fish swam freely;in contrast,in 1995 a large fleet of ships were endeavoring to search for the only fish in the sea.67范文范文10：高手版：高手版：非谓语动词做插入语、用分词做伴随非谓语动词做插入语、用分词做伴随状语状语68地点地点+动作动作+主体（主体（+定从）定从）lIn the center of the picture stands a boy who is tired and holds the tool which is used to cle
44、an the floor/sweep floors after housework.His parents who hide behind the wall are pleased that their son can understand their difficulties.(扫帚:broom)69官方版：官方版：用分词做伴随状语用分词做伴随状语l The drawing depicts a boy who just finishes doing the housework that is supposed to be the daily task of his mother.Sweati
45、ng and tired,the boy cannot help exclaiming that is it really not easy to be a mother.Meanwhile,his parents who observe him secretly from behind the door is smiling.70范文范文11：高手版：高手版：非谓语动词做插入语、用分词做伴随非谓语动词做插入语、用分词做伴随状语状语71地点地点+动作动作+主体（主体（+定从）定从）lAt the upper part of the picture is a selfish woman she
46、is bringing out her wet clothes to dry.The water(dropping)from her clothes dampens(或makeswet)the quilt/sheets of a pitiful neighbor who is angry about the womans uncivilized behavior/with an angry expression on his face.72官方版：官方版：用分词做伴随状语用分词做伴随状语l The picture reveals a scenario that is commonly seen
47、 in any urban area.A woman on the third floor of a building is happily hanging up the clothes she just washed on a sunny day,ignoring that the dropping water is drenching the dry coverlets hung by her neighbor downstairs.The victim looks very annoyed by the womens selfish behavior.73范文范文1274地点地点+动作动
48、作+主体（主体（+定从）定从）lOn the left of the picture is an honest consumer who is giving his money to a woman who stands for the fake commodity.The old lady in the center of the picture who is associated with the false advertisement cheats the consumer and finally the fake product is sold out.75官方版：官方版：l A fi
49、rst glance at this cartoon tells us that a matchmaker is attempting to create a crush between a man and a woman.But the veil on the head of the bride-to-be covers the fact that she is old and ugly,quite opposite to what the matchmaker is advertising.The picture further points out that the matchmaker
50、 symbolizes false advertisements and the woman low-quality products.76范文范文1377地点地点+动作动作+主体（主体（+定从）定从）lOn the bottom of the well which stands for the burden of homework is a pitiful girl who is confronted with a lot of homework.She is eager to go out of the well and enjoy the beautiful scene of the c
