1、1.Then heavy industry factories moved in,and things became entirely different.后后来重工业工厂来重工业工厂搬进搬进来来了，情了，情况就完全不同了。况就完全不同了。entirely pletely and in every possible way 完完全全地，全地，全部部地，完地，完整地整地 eg The entire road was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one.(翻译翻译)整整个道路被破坏了。它现在看起来和先前的那
2、个道路被破坏了。它现在看起来和先前的那个村个村庄完庄完全不同了全不同了。【同义词同义词】wholly,totally,completely,thoroughly,all,altogether.【注意注意】not与与 entirely连用时，不管连用时，不管not在什么位置，均表示部分在什么位置，均表示部分否定。与否定。与 entirely类似的词有类似的词有all,both,every,everything,everybody,everywhere,altogether,completely等。等。4)She devoted herself _ to her research and it e
3、arned her a good reputation in her field.A.strongly B.extremely C.entirely D.freely【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me _(entire)in their power.2)她她这一辈子都生活在伦敦。这一辈子都生活在伦敦。She has spent _ in London.3)婴婴儿完全依赖别人喂食。儿完全依赖别人喂食。Babies _ others for food.entirely
4、her entire liferely entirely on2.The smog in the air has colored the sky a smoky grey;its also given me a cough that I cant get rid of.空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽还让我患上了咳嗽，老老是不好。是不好。smog n.dirty air that looks like a mixture of smoke and fog,caused by smoke from cars and factories in citi
5、es 雾霾雾霾，烟雾烟雾 由由 smoke和和fog两个词各取一部分缩合而成的一个新词两个词各取一部分缩合而成的一个新词，称称为缩合构词法。为缩合构词法。eg brunch=breakfast+lunh 早午餐早午餐 motel=motor+hotel 汽车旅馆汽车旅馆get rid of 摆脱摆脱，丢弃丢弃，扔掉，扔掉be rid of sth./sb.摆脱某摆脱某人人/某某事事物物 (rid adj.)rid sb./sth.of sb./sth.(formal)去除去除，清除清除(rid v.)eg We got rid of all the old toys.Further measu
6、res will be taken to rid our streets of crime.I didnt enjoy marking those papers and I was glad to be rid of them.(翻译翻译)我们扔掉了所有的旧玩具我们扔掉了所有的旧玩具。将采取进一步的措施来防止街头犯罪将采取进一步的措施来防止街头犯罪。我不喜欢批改那些卷子我不喜欢批改那些卷子，所以我很高兴能免去这一麻烦，所以我很高兴能免去这一麻烦。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)我们说必须要上床睡觉了，这才把那一帮不受欢迎的我们说必须要上床睡觉了，这才把那一帮不受欢迎的客人打发走客人
7、打发走。We _ our unwelcome guests by saying we had to go to bed.。2)他拼命克服恐惧。他拼命克服恐惧。He struggled to _ his fears.rid himself of got rid of 3.Mr Smith protested against heavy industry.Smith先生反对重工业。先生反对重工业。protest to come together to publicly express disapproval or opposition to something vi.反对反对，抗议抗议 vt.反对
8、，坚持声称，申辩反对，坚持声称，申辩 n.something you think that is wrong and unfair,so you refuse to work,etc.抗议抗议，抗议书抗议书(行动行动)；反对；反对 eg Students took to the streets to protest against the decision.She has always protested her innocence(无辜无辜).The director resigned in protest at the decision.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)The
9、workers went on strike _(protest)against the economic policy of the government.2)There is no point in _(protest).It wont help much.3)Thousands of people crowded into the street,_(protest)against the war.to protestprotestingprotesting4.irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.不负责任的急于赚取巨额利
10、润的商人。不负责任的急于赚取巨额利润的商人。profit n.&v.money that you gain by selling things or doing business,after your costs have been paid;to be useful or helpful to someone 利润；收益；利润；收益；(得到得到)好处好处 make/earn a profit 盈利盈利 A profit B=B profit from A A使使B获获益益 profitable adj.有利可图的；有益有利可图的；有益的的eg Theres no profit in runn
11、ing a cinema in the town.It will profit you nothing to do that.You can profit from my mistakes and avoid them yourself.It would be more profitable to combine the two factories.She makes a big profit from selling waste material.John profited greatly from his one year abroad/from spending a year abroa
12、d.She spent a profitable afternoon in the library.【语境应用语境应用】翻翻译句子译句子。1)通过卖废品，她获利颇丰。通过卖废品，她获利颇丰。2)John在国外呆了一年，受益匪浅。在国外呆了一年，受益匪浅。3)她她一下午在图书馆里收获不小一下午在图书馆里收获不小。5.In defence of the factories,however,Id like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.不过不过，为工厂说句公道话为工厂说句公道话，
13、我想指出的是我们也在努力控制我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。所产生的污染量。defence n.protect;you say something or do in order to support someone or something;all systems,people,materials etc.that a country uses to protect itself from attack 防御防御，保护保护；防守；辩护；国防；防守；辩护；国防 in defence of/in ones defence 为为辩护辩护；保卫；保卫 defend v.保卫；防守；辩护；维
14、护保卫；防守；辩护；维护 defend against/from 保卫保卫免受免受eg Jean wrote a letter to the paper in Angelas defence.Students should be ready to explain and defend their views.The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country.In Britain,the defence of the country has historically been left to the navy.(翻译翻译)Jean写了
15、封信到报社为写了封信到报社为Angela辩护。辩护。学学生应该准备好为自己的观点作解释和辩护。生应该准备好为自己的观点作解释和辩护。士士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。英英国历史上，国防一直由海军担当。国历史上，国防一直由海军担当。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)They were fighting like lions in defence _ their homeland.2)As a famous politician once said,attack is the best method of _(defend)。3)The PLA defends
16、 our motherland _ being attacked.defenceoffrom/against6.Weve been taking various measures,to reduce pollution in the production process 我们一直在采取各种措施我们一直在采取各种措施以减少生产过程中的污染以减少生产过程中的污染 various adj.of several kinds,unlike one another 各种不同的；各种各样的各种不同的；各种各样的 eg Its a large country with various cultures.The
17、re are various ways to answer your question.(翻译翻译)这是一个有各种不同文化的大国。这是一个有各种不同文化的大国。有有多种方法可以回答你的问题多种方法可以回答你的问题。process n.a series of actions that are done in order to achieve a particular result;a method of making or producing goods过程，进程；步骤，流程过程，进程；步骤，流程vt.to make food or goods ready to be used or sold;
18、to deal with 加工；处加工；处理理in the process of doing sth.在做某事的过程中在做某事的过程中in the process 同时，在同时，在过程中过程中in process 在进行中在进行中eg Repetition can help the learning process.Recycling is an industrial process.I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process.Two million workers are employed processing go
19、ods for electronic companies.(翻译翻译)重重复对学习过程有帮助复对学习过程有帮助。回回收利用是一个工业流程收利用是一个工业流程。我我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。两两百万名工人受雇为电子公司加工产品百万名工人受雇为电子公司加工产品。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)All the information was then ready _(process)into film negatives.2)More than 100 applications for travel visas have to be _(process).3
20、)The company is _(在在过程中过程中)moving to new offices.to be processed processedin the process of 7.Id also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate.我还想请你们注意工厂给我还想请你们注意工厂给Norgate带来的经济效益带来的经济效益。economic adj.relating to trade,industry,and the management of money
21、 经济的；经济上的经济的；经济上的；可赚钱的；可赚钱的 economy n.经济；经济状况经济；经济状况 economical adj.经济的经济的，实惠的实惠的；节俭的；节俭的；精打细算的精打细算的eg Economic reform is needed.The gas fire was turned low for reasons of economy.He was economical in all areas of his life.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)Chinas Silk Road Economic Belt,once accomplished,will q
22、uicken the _ growth of the countries along the route.2)The _ car is big enough for a family of three unless you need more space for baggage.3)With the _ developing fast,we are better off and live a more convenient life.economiceconomicaleconomy8.A former UN official once saidthese are one and the sa
23、me fight.一位联合国前官员曾经说过一位联合国前官员曾经说过 这些就是同一场战斗这些就是同一场战斗。former adj.happening or existing before,in the past;having a particular position in the past 昔日的，前任的；从前的昔日的，前任的；从前的 latter adj.后者的；后面的后者的；后面的 the former the latter 前者前者后者后者eg Their farm has been reduced to half its former size.Of swimming and foot
24、ball he prefers the former.(翻译翻译)他他们的农场已缩小到以前一半大小们的农场已缩小到以前一半大小。在在游泳和足球中他更喜欢前者。游泳和足球中他更喜欢前者。one and the same 同一个同一个(人或物人或物)，表示强调。表示强调。eg I was amazed to discover that Muhammad Ali and Cassius Clay were one and the same person.(翻译翻译)我惊奇地发现我惊奇地发现Muhammad Ali和和Cassius Clay是同是同一个人一个人。1.Join us in the st
25、udio tonight are James Smith,a local resident 完全倒装的情况：完全倒装的情况：1)分词分词/形容词形容词/副词副词/介词短语介词短语+地点状语地点状语+be+主语主语 主语较长且是名词时，为了句子平衡，常表语放句首，句子主语较长且是名词时，为了句子平衡，常表语放句首，句子全部倒装。全部倒装。eg Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.2)表地点表地点/时间时间/方向方位等副词方向方位等副词+谓语谓语+主语主语 以以her
26、e,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等等副词开头的句子中，主语是副词开头的句子中，主语是名词名词时时。eg Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.Out rushed a little boy with a wooden gun from behind the tree.3)在在there be结结构，构，be用表示用表示“存在存在”的动词的动词live,exist,lie,stand,seem,rise,remain,happen,come,go等代替时。等代替时。eg John opened t
27、he door.There was a girl he had never seen before.There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.注意：注意：当句子的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装当句子的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。eg There you are.Ive been looking for you.2.Weve been taking various measures even though these measures raise our producti
28、on costs.我们一直我们一直在采取各种措施在采取各种措施尽管这些措施提高了我们的生尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成产成本。本。主主从复合句。主句使从复合句。主句使用现用现在完成进行时在完成进行时have been doing，表，表示动作从过去某个时间开示动作从过去某个时间开始，一始，一直延续到现直延续到现在，并有在，并有可能持可能持续下续下去；去；even though引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句。even though(=even if)引引导让步状语从句导让步状语从句 eg He kept on working outdoors until midnight even thou
29、gh he was tired.Even though hes 24 now,he still relies on his parents.在在含有含有 even though,even if引导的让步状语从句的复合句引导的让步状语从句的复合句中，中，如果主如果主句用将来句用将来时，从时，从句则用一般现在时代替将来时。句则用一般现在时代替将来时。eg Even though it snows tomorrow,we will go on with the roadworks.as though=as if 好像，仿佛。引好像，仿佛。引导表语从句或方式状语从句。导表语从句或方式状语从句。当说话人
30、认为所说的情况是事实当说话人认为所说的情况是事实时，用时，用陈述语陈述语气；当气；当说话人认说话人认为所为所说的情况可能不是事实说的情况可能不是事实时，用时，用虚拟语气。虚拟语气。Match the words and expressions on music with the following descriptions.someone who lives or stays in a particular place highest in rank;most important dirty air that looks like a mixture of smoke and fog a pa
31、rt of a tree;a part of a government or other organization a way of doing something that has been officially agreed and chosen by a political party,business,or other organization a planned series of actions for achieving somethingresidentpolicy,resident,strategy,smog,chief,branchchiefsmogbranchpolicy
32、strategy to put used objects or materials through a special process so that they can be used again a railway system that runs under the ground someone who is in a position of authority in an organization;done by someone in authority,especially the government the situation or experience of being poor a group of people chosen to do a particular job,make decisions etc.recyclerecycle,subway,official,poverty,committeesubwayofficialpovertycommittee
