1、人教选修第四册Unit 2Iconic AttractionsLearning About Language过去分词的用法观察上面句子,并说出画线部分的作用1.fallen snow _2.a design made by nature_过去分词过去分词,作前置定语作前置定语过去分词短语过去分词短语,作后置定语。作后置定语。过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性,有完成或被动含义,可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上,过去分词(短语)与形容词或副词作用类似,在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。一、过去分词作定语及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成;不及
2、物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成a polluted river一条被污染的河流the watered flowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成,不表示被动fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在所修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。*A watched pot never boils.谚语心急锅不开。*The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in
3、 white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。语法填空(1)Some of the people _(invite)to the party cant come.(2)The trees _(blow)down in the storm have been moved off the road.(3)The police will come soon to take away the _(damage)car.invitedblowndamaged二、过去分词作表语位于系动词(如be,get,become,look,feel,seem等)之后,多表示主语的状态或状况
4、,它所体现的是形容词的特性。*She looks disappointed.她看上去很失望。*We were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时,强调主语所处的状态,而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。*The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表结构)*The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)语法填空(1)I was too _(tire)to walk any further.(2)When he heard the _(move)story
5、,he was deeply _(move).(3)Tom was more _(surprise)than _(disappoint)at this news.(4)Both he and I are _(satisfy)with the result.tiredmovingmovedsurpriseddisappointedsatisfied三、过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系,宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。*He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。*Last year they
6、had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语),如see,watch,observe,find,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等。*I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。2.表示“致、使”意义的动词,如have,make,get,keep,leave等。They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple Englis
7、h.他们用了很简单的英语以使别人能听懂。Dont leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。have+宾语+过去分词”的三种含义(1)表示“让某人做某事”*Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。(2)表示“遭遇某种不幸;受到打击”*He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。(3)做某事(主语可能参与其中)*I had my house repaired last week.上周,我修补了房子。3.表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词,如like,want,wish,order等。*The teacher doe
8、snt wish such questions(to be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。*The police,finding the film unhealthy,ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康,令其禁演。语法填空(1)Youd better have your shoes _(mend).(2)The father wants his daughter _(teach)the piano.(3)I saw an old man _(knock)down by a car.(4)Id like the job _(do)
9、when I come back from the journey.mendedtaughtknockeddone四、过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动或完成的动作,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1.作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时,相当于一个when,while,after,once等引导的时间状语从句。Once published(=Once it is published),the dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版,这本词典将大受欢迎。2.作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时,相当于一个as,since,because等引导的原因状语从句。
10、*Absorbed in painting(=Because John was absorbed in painting),John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心画画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3.作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时,相当于一个if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。*Given another hour(=If I am given another hour),I can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时,我也能把这道题算出来。4.作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时,相当于一个though,alt
11、hough,even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。*Beaten by the opposite team(=Though we were beaten by the opposite team),we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然被对方的队打败了,但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。5.作方式或伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时,可以转换成一个并列句。*The old man got on the bus,supported by a girl(=and he was supported by a girl).在一位姑娘的搀
12、扶下,老人上了公共汽车。过去分词作状语的注意事项(1)过去分词作状语时,其前面可以带有相应的连词,如when,though,although,as if,as though,if,unless,until,once等,表时间、让步、条件、方式等。*If(I am)invited,I will attend the wedding of my friend.如果受到邀请,我会参加我朋友的婚礼。(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。*Caught,the thief will be punished by the police.(caught的逻辑主语为the thie
13、f)小偷如果被抓,就会受到警方的处罚。(3)有些过去分词已形容词化,作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等。*Disappointed at the examination results,the girl stood there without saying a word.因为对考试结果很失望,小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。语法填空(1)_(leave)to himself,the baby began to cry.(2)She accepted the gift,de
14、eply _(move).(3)We went to the cinema,_(fill)with excitement.(4)Once _(pour),water cannot be taken back.Leftmovedfilledpoured单句语法填空1.The bridge was damaged in the flood,_(result)in the train falling into the river.2._(guide)by an artist,the girl made much progress.3._(blame)for her faults,the little
15、 girl was in low spirits.4.The salesgirl at last handled the difficult customer and gave a _(satisfy)smile.5.Dont drink _(pollute)water because it can cause diseases.resultingGuidedBlamedsatisfiedpolluted6.Tom was going through the crowd when he heard his name _(call).7.When I came in,I found a stra
16、nge girl _(seat)in the corner.8.Though _(defeat)many times,the man didnt lose heart.9._(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becomea football star.10.No matter how frequently _(perform),the works of Beethoven stillattract people all over the world.calledseateddefeatedRaise
17、dperformed 用过去分词完成下面的句子1.They became _they stayed awake all night.他们变得如此担心,以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。2.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _.早餐他只喝自家农场出产的新鲜水果汁。3.The young man,_,is determined to start his own firm.这个年轻人厌倦了为别人工作,决心创办自己的公司。so worried thatgrown on his own farmtired of working for othe
18、rs4.Children,_,are allowed to enter thestadium.孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。5._,the book inspires confidence in students whowish to seek their own answers.这本书写得清晰且深思熟虑,激发了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的信心。6.Claire _an hour before her plane left.克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时让人检查了行李。when accompanied by their parentsClearly and thoughtfully writ
19、tenhad her luggage checked7.When he got to school,_.当他到学校时,他看见门锁着。8.Youd better _.你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒。9.The concert _was a success.他们的朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。10.I quickly lowered myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into hiseyes _.我迅速弯下身,低下头,避免直视他的眼睛,这样他就不会感觉受到了挑战。he saw the door lockedhave/get the danger
20、ous building pulled downgiven by their friendsso he didnt feel challenged根据提示使用本单元所学的语法知识翻译下面语段这位年轻的女画家雄心勃勃,她想把她的画陈列(display)在画廊里,但她不知道这些画是否会很受欢迎。在父母的鼓励(encourage)下,她按计划(plan)展出了她的作品。这些画得(paint)很漂亮的作品一经展出,人们就赞不绝口。她和她的父母都对这个结果感到满意(satisfy)。_ The young woman painter was ambitious and she wanted her paintingsdisplayed in the gallery,but she wondered whether they would be very popular.Encouraged by her parents,she had them shown as planned.Once thebeautifully painted works were on show,the people praised them a lot.Bothshe and her parents were satisfied with the result.
