1、被动语态被动语态语态语态主动语态主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态被动语态(the Passive Voice)语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态被动语态。We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。be+过去分词过去分词被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化dobe do
2、ne被动语态的被动语态的时态是由时态是由be的时态的时态决定的决定的，be是什么时态，句子是什么时态，句子就是什么时态，就是什么时态，be后面的过去后面的过去分词不变分词不变。vt.vt.We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态They cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。昨天他们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。昨天教室被他们打扫了。主动
3、语态变被动语态主动语态变被动语态:(1)(1)把把来的来的提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被动语态的(2)(2)把把谓语动词谓语动词变成变成被动结构被动结构(bebe过去分词过去分词)()(根据被动语态根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定时态来决定bebe的形式的形式)。(3)(3)把主动语态中的把主动语态中的主语主语放在介词放在介词byby之后作之后作宾语宾语，将，将主格主格改为改为宾格宾格。如：。如：They make the bikes in the factory.The bikesin the f
4、actory.are madethemby2)含有双宾语的主动句变被动句 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.A present was given to me on my birthday.口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)时态时态被动语态被动语态的构成的构成例句例句一般一般现在时现在时一般一般过去时过去时含情态含情态动词动词Rice is grown in South
5、China.The glass was broken yesterday.am/is/are donewas/were done情态动词情态动词+be doneThe problem can be prevented from getting worse.被动语态的特殊情况被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词等词,其后跟省略其后跟省略to的动词不定式的动词不定式(动词原形动词原形),在变为被动语在变为被动语态时态时,必须必须还原动词不定式符号还原动词不定式符号to.如如:1)We heard him sing thi
6、s song in the room.He was heard to sing this song in the room.2)The boss made him work 14 hours a day.He was made to work 14 hours a day.3)I see him walk to school.He is seen to walk to school.A traffic accident _(happen)just now.happened2.连系动词连系动词（Link.v.)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get
7、,turn,becomePeking Opera _(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候:The pen _(write)very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词不及物动词（vi.)如如:happen,take place,appear,disappear,2.不用被动语态的动不用被动语态的动词：词：表示主语的自然属性特征表示主语的自然属性特征well/badly/easily/smoothly)常见动词：常见动词：read,write
8、,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,The books _ well A.were sold B.sell C.have sold D.are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A.has washed B.was washed C.washes D.is washed一般将来时：一般将来时：表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态存在的状态时间副词：时间副词：tomorrow,soon,sometime,in a tomorrow,soon,
9、sometime,in a few days,in the future,next yearfew days,in the future,next year等等will/shall dobe going to do常见结构：常见结构：单纯表达将来单纯表达将来,尤其指将来要客观尤其指将来要客观存在或在某条件下要发生的事。存在或在某条件下要发生的事。按计划或安排要发生的事；按计划或安排要发生的事；有迹象表明将要发生。有迹象表明将要发生。be due to do be about to dobe on the point of doing be doing常见结构：常见结构：预定或按预期去做某事预定
10、或按预期去做某事马上要做某事；不能与马上要做某事；不能与明确的将来时间连用。明确的将来时间连用。现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来be to do预定、计划将要发生的事预定、计划将要发生的事1.We will hold the sport meeting in ten days.2.The sport meeeting will be held(by us)in ten days.主动语态主动语态被动语态We will hold the sport meeting in ten days.主语主语宾语宾语The sport meeting主语主语 will be held(by us)宾语宾语s
11、hall/will do：一般将来时一般将来时be done：被动语态被动语态in ten days.1.The 2020 Olympic Games _ _ _（hold）in Tokyo.2.A new stadium _ _ _（build）in Tokyo.1.will be donewill be heldwill bebuilt4.The meeting(by us).2.be going to be done3.The problem tomorrow.is going to be put off is going to be discussed 5.The machine(by
12、 us )tomorrow.His new book _ _ _ _ next week is to be repairedis to be published 6.他的新书将在下周出版他的新书将在下周出版。3.be to be done一般将来时被动语态的结构一般将来时被动语态的结构:1.will/shall do be to be done按照计划按照计划“将要被将要被.”will/shall be done“将要被将要被.”be going to be done按计划或根据现象按计划或根据现象“将要被将要被”All those old buildings _ _ _(knock)down
13、 tomorrow.will beknockedCorrection：A new film is going to be show at the cinema next month.shown/showedCorrection:The library is to finished soon.beIt is said that a new robot _ _ _ (design)by him in a few day.will be designed Your job is be kept open for your return.Thanks.toCorrection：We _ _ _（inv
14、ite）to speak at the opening ceremony tomorrow.will/shall be invited_the trees_in the park next Saturday?AWill；be planted BWill be；plantedCWill；plant DWill；planted解析解析一般将来时的被动语态，构成一般疑问句一般将来时的被动语态，构成一般疑问句时，只需将时，只需将will/shall提前即可，故选提前即可，故选A项。项。Are you going to plant a great many trees in this area?Yes.
15、The soil_away in this way.Adoesnt wash Bwont washCisnt washed Dwont be washed解析解析根据前句的根据前句的“Are you going to plant.”可知后一句应用一般将来时的被动语态可知后一句应用一般将来时的被动语态。现在完成时现在完成时 (have/has+过去分词过去分词)现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。1.表示之前发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或产表示之前发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。生的结果。yet,already,befor
16、e,ever,never.2.过去之前发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在。过去之前发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在。for+时间段；since+时间点；so far,up to now,by now,lately,recently,in/during/over the past few years.现在完成时用法：现在完成时用法：How long？1.并非所有的含有“for+时间段”的句子都是现在完成时。2.在现在完成时中，既可以出现持续性动词，也可以出现短暂性动词，但短暂性动词不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。Tom and Lucy have been married for two years.T
17、om and Lucy have married for two years.注意：注意：错误He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）.现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态一、概念一、概念现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“已经被”。如：（动作的承受者）The new school has been set up.新学
18、校已经建成了。二、形式二、形式(1)肯定式为：肯定式为：have/has+been+done。eg：The experiment has been done successfully.(2)否定式为：否定式为：have/has+not+been+done。eg：Toms novel has not been published.(3)一般疑问句需将一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面。提到主语的前面。eg：Has his bike been repaired?(4)特殊疑问句为：疑问词特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have/has+been+done?eg：Who has been invit
19、ed?现在进行时被动语态表示说话时或现阶段某个被动的动作现在进行时被动语态表示说话时或现阶段某个被动的动作正在进行正在进行,谓语动词的形式为谓语动词的形式为 “am/is/are+being+done”。否定式为否定式为“am/is/are+not+being+done”疑问式为疑问式为“am/is/are+主语主语+being+done”The car is being repaired.She is being examined by a doctor.Some animals are not being protected well enough.Is this bridge being
20、 repaired now?1.表示表示此刻此刻正在进行的被动动作。正在进行的被动动作。The project is being discussed at the meeting.A new film is being shown in the theater.My house is being painted now.现在进行时被动语态的用法现在进行时被动语态的用法2.2.表示表示现阶段现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。在此时此刻发生。A new station is being built.Many interesting exper
21、iences are being carried out these days.A modern school is being built in our hometown.3.3.表示经常的或习惯的被动行为，常和表示经常的或习惯的被动行为，常和always,always,often,constantly often,constantly 等词连用。等词连用。He is always being praised by the teacher.4.4.与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。He may be being beaten by
22、 his father at the very moment.1.1.注意不可遗漏注意不可遗漏“being”,”,如果把如果把beingbeing漏掉，就成漏掉，就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。Look.The children are being taken care of by their aunt.(现在的情况）Children are taken good care of at school.(通常的情况）The report is being written by one of the best students.The report is w
23、ell written.(系表结构）现在进行时被动语态的现在进行时被动语态的“四注意四注意”2.2.注意现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示注意现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来将来。现在进。现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动的动作一个被动的动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词此种用法仅限于少数及物动词)。A folk song is being sung next.A party is being held tonight.It is said that a plane is being flown by him to Ameri
24、ca at eight next Sunday.3.3.注意没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词。注意没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词。一些表示一些表示“状态状态、心理活动心理活动、拥有拥有、存在存在”等的动等的动词词,一般不用现在进行时的被动语态一般不用现在进行时的被动语态,而而常用一般现在时常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正承受谓语动词的的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正承受谓语动词的动作。动作。Xiao Wang,come here.You are wanted on the phone.Football is becoming more and more popular.In o
25、ther words,it is loved by more and more people.4.“4.“be+under/inbe+under/in等介词等介词+名词名词”结构可表示现在进行结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。时的被动语态的含义。(名词前一般不用冠词）名词前一般不用冠词）The city is under attack(=is being attacked)at the moment.The problem is under discussion(=is being discussed)at the meeting.The telephone is in use(=is b
26、eing used)now.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，如：构来表示，如：据说据说 It is said that 据报导据报导 It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望 It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：以下情况常用
27、主动形式表示被动含义：系动词系动词feel,look,seem,appear,taste,sound,smell,prove,remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。e.g.Ice feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.表示开始、结束、运动的词如表示开始、结束、运动的词如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，shut等。等。e.g.Class begins！以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：表示主语的某种属性的词：表示主语的某
28、种属性的词：read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,look,shut等。等。e.g.The books sell well.The door wont lock.The pen writes smoothly.This coat dries easily.表示表示“需要需要”的的need,want,require以及以及be worth后的动词后的动词-ing形形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。式，用主动形式表示被动含义。e.g.The shoes need washing.The book is wor
29、th reading.1.Its unfair.He should not _(treat)in this way.2.A watch was given _ him as a Christmas present.3.The baby is being looked _ carefully.4.He often makes his sister _(cry),but today he was made _(cry)by his sister.5.This room _(belong)to me.6.The music I listened just now _(sound)sweet.be t
30、reatedtoaftercryto crybelongssounded7.The book _(sell)well.8.This pen _(write)badly.9.-Whats the noise?-Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machine _(test).10.I like these English songs and they _(teach)many times on the radio.11.No decision _(make)about any future appointment until all the leaders have
31、 been interviewed.12.Do you have any problems if you _(offer)this job?-Well,I m thinking about whether you can pay more.sellswritesis being testedhave been taughtwill be madeare offeredWelcome to our school.Id like to introduce to you plans for our school.A lot of work _(do)in the past few years.The
32、 library _(complete)and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab _(build)at present.But we dont have enough money for the equipment.Now students in all grades _(collect)money.Besides,plans _(make)for a party to collect money,which _(spend)on new equipment.The gardens of t
33、he school _(improve)last year.New trees _(plant),which now give much shade.The whole school _(paint)in the coming summer holidays.In fact,we all hope the school _(be)more beautiful,in which we can work and study happily.has been donehas been completedis being builtare collectingare being madewill be spentwere improvedhave been plantedwill be paintedwill beConclusionConclusion 1.被动语态的用法。2.主动语态和被动语态的转换。3.主动表被动的几种情况
