1、Unit 2 Saving the EarthTopic 1Pollution has caused too many problems.Section B 课件课件 21.breathe v.呼吸呼吸 breath n.e.g.We _ fresh air.(v.)我们呼吸新鲜的空气。我们呼吸新鲜的空气。You can see your _ on a very cold day.(n.)你可以在寒冷的天看到你的呼吸。你可以在寒冷的天看到你的呼吸。指点迷津指点迷津breathebreath breathe in 吸入吸入 breathe out 呼出呼出 hold ones breath 屏住
2、呼吸屏住呼吸 be out of breath 上气不接下气上气不接下气2.have/has been 现在完成时现在完成时,表示过去已经开始表示过去已经开始,持续到持续到 现在的动作或状态现在的动作或状态,与与since 或或for连连 接的时间状语连用。接的时间状语连用。即即:“since+时间点时间点”,“for+时间段时间段”。e.g.She has been waiting for you since 3 oclock.她从她从3点钟就一直在等你。点钟就一直在等你。I have taught in this school for ten years.我在这所学校教书我在这所学校教书1
3、0年了。年了。3.produce v.“产生产生,造成造成,引起引起”,表结表结果一般侧重工业生产、农业产品、果一般侧重工业生产、农业产品、脑力劳动产品。脑力劳动产品。而而make含义很广含义很广,没有具体限制生产没有具体限制生产何种产品。何种产品。e.g.The writer a new novel every year.这位作家每年写一本新小说。这位作家每年写一本新小说。Toms mother is a cake for him.汤姆的妈妈在为他做蛋糕。汤姆的妈妈在为他做蛋糕。A hen eggs.母鸡产蛋。母鸡产蛋。produces makingproduces4.in a bad mo
4、od 心情差心情差 in a good/happy mood 心情好心情好e.g.He is in a bad mood today.他今天心情差。他今天心情差。She is in a good mood today.她今天心情好。她今天心情好。5.cant stand sth./doing sth.“不能容忍某事不能容忍某事/做某事。做某事。”e.g.I cant stand her carelessness.我不能容忍她的粗心。我不能容忍她的粗心。I cant stand staying up so late.这么晚不睡觉我受不了。这么晚不睡觉我受不了。6.hope n.v.希望希望e.g
5、.He never gave up his hope.他从不放弃希望。他从不放弃希望。I hope to see you at the party.我希望在聚会上会看见你。我希望在聚会上会看见你。wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某希望某人做某事事,不能说成不能说成hope sb.to do sth.Direct speech 直接引语直接引语Indirect speech间接引语间接引语直接引述别人的直接引述别人的话话,要加引号要加引号用自己的话转述用自己的话转述别人的话别人的话,不用不用引号引号GrammarThe boy said,“Im reading a book.”Di
6、rect speech The boy said(that)he was reading a book.Indirect speech1.陈述句陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变变为间接引语时，用连词为间接引语时，用连词that引导引导(that在口语中常省略在口语中常省略)。一般现在时一般现在时 He said,“I can do well in English.”一般过去时一般过去时 He said that he could do well in English.现在进行时现在进行时 He said,“Im writing a letter.”一般将来时一般将来时 To
7、m said to me“I will call you tomorrow.”过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时 He said that he was writing a letter.Tom told me that he would call me the next day.注注:如果主句是一般现在时如果主句是一般现在时,直接引语变直接引语变间接引语时间接引语时,从句的时态不变。从句的时态不变。He says,“Im not good at maths.”He says that he is not good at maths.记住记住:动词时态的变化动词时态的变化直接引语直接引语
8、间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时cancouldmaymight记住记住:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化动词的变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词this,thesethat,those时间状语时间状语nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthis weeknext week.thenthat daythe day beforethe next daythat week.the next week地点状语地点状语hereth
9、ere动词动词come go注意：注意：(1)如果在当天转述如果在当天转述today,yesterday,tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。等时间状语也不必改变。(2)如果在当地转述如果在当地转述,here 不必改为不必改为there,动词动词come 不必改为不必改为go。(3)当转述客观真理时当转述客观真理时,直接引语变为间直接引语变为间接引语时接引语时,时态不变。时态不变。He said,“The moon moves around the earth.He said that the moon moves around the earth.(4)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍为
10、了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时然是事实时,也经常用一般现在时。也经常用一般现在时。My teacher said,“Tom is a good student.”My teacher said Tom is a good student.将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语。将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语。1.Lana said,“Im going to have a surprise party for Maria.”Lana said that she was going to have a surprise party for Maria.2.The teacher said
11、,“My students are hard-working.”3.Tom told Jane,“I will lend my bicycle to you.”The teacher said that his/her students were hardworking.Tom told Jane that he would lend his bicycle to her/Jane.2.直接引语如果是疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句,变为间接变为间接引语时引语时,要把疑问句语序改为陈述要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。句语序。1)一般疑问句。用一般疑问句。用whether或或if(是否是否)引导。主句中
12、的动词是引导。主句中的动词是said时改为时改为asked,没有间接宾语的没有间接宾语的,可以加一可以加一个间接宾语个间接宾语me/him/her。e.g.He said,“Are you a student?”疑问语序疑问语序He asked me whether/if I was a student.陈述语序陈述语序2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语由直接引语变为间接引语时时,仍用原来的疑问词引导仍用原来的疑问词引导,要把疑问要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。句语序改为陈述句语序。e.g.“Where are you going?”Father asked his son.Fat
13、her asked his son where he was going.疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序e.g.The policeman asked the small boy,“Where do you live?”The policeman asked the small boy where he lived.疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序3.当直接引语是祈使句当直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语变为间接引语时时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order等等,而把直接引语的祈使而把直接引语的祈使句变成带句变成带(not)to的不定式短语。的不定式短语。
14、句型句型:tell/ask/order sb.(not)to do sth.e.g.The teacher said to the students,“Stop talking.”The teacher told the students to stop talking.The teacher said to us,“Dont play in class.”The teacher told/asked us not to play in class.HomeworkDiscuss the questions in 3,and give a report using indirect speech.
