1、Section AGrammar FocusObject clauses with that,if and whether1.I think that theyre fun to watch.2.Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic.3.Bill wonders whether theyll have the sweet rice dumplings again next year.4.I wonder if its similar to the water festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province
2、.Read the sentences below,paying attention to the underlined parts.宾语从句：宾语从句：概念：概念：在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句由宾语从句由“关联词关联词+主语主语+谓语谓语”构成。构成。引导宾语从句的引导宾语从句的关联词有关联词有that,if,whether,what,who,where,why和和how等。等。一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。We know
3、 Mr Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态1.I hear(that)_.2.He said(that)_.3.The teacher told us(that)_ _.he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注：注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，
4、在口语当中往往省略。当成分，在口语当中往往省略。around the sunObject clauses with that连词连词that不能省略的几种情况不能省略的几种情况 在由在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的引导的宾语从句中，宾语从句中，that则不能省略。则不能省略。1.从句的主语是从句的主语是that。如：
5、。如：He says that that is a real kings hat.他说那是一个真的王冠。他说那是一个真的王冠。2.that从句中含有主从复合句。如：从句中含有主从复合句。如：Im afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.3.主、从句之间有插入语时。如：主、从句之间有插入语时。如：It says here,on this card,that it was used in plays.卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。4.若出现两个或两上以上的由若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾引导的宾语从句
6、，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词连词that可以省略。如：可以省略。如：She said(that)she would come and that she would also bring her son.她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。1.These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.2.Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.3.People think tha
7、t humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.4.We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.5.The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.6.Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars wi
8、ll be very comfortable.Which of the following sentences has an object clause?根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1.我认为玛丽不回来了。我认为玛丽不回来了。I dont think Mary _ _.2.山姆给我说他准备去上海。山姆给我说他准备去上海。Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。I want to know _ there is a train to Beiji
9、ng.willcome was leaving if/whether.if和和whether引导宾语从句时，作引导宾语从句时，作“是否是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但但if常用于口语中，常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：比较正式。如：Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.渔民想知道天是否会下雨。渔民想知道天是否会下雨。O
10、bject clauses with if and whether由由if/whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句.if和和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208?Could you tell me?Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Ro
11、om 208?其次要注意时态变化：其次要注意时态变化：1.若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：态。如：He wants to know if/whether they had a good journey home.他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。2.若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。过去将来时、
12、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：如：Did the train leave?She didnt know.She didnt know if/whether the train had left.if和和whether的区别的区别二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：1.宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用，不用if。如：。如：Whether this is true or not,I cant say.这是否对，我不能说。这是否对，我不能说。2.宾语从句与宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用直接连用时，应用whether
13、，不能用，不能用if。如：。如：I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否来。我不知道他明天是否来。3.与动词不定式连用时，只能用与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：。如：She cant decide whether to go to America.她不能决定是否去美国。她不能决定是否去美国。4.从句作介词宾语时，只能用从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：。如：I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.我担心是否伤了她的感情。我担心是否伤了她的感情。5.宾语从
14、句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用，不能用whether。如：。如：Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow.汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。6.if意为意为“假如，如果假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状时，可以引导条件状语从句，而语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：没有这个用法。如：If Simon comes here tomorrow,Ill call you.假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。1.I dont kn
15、ow if Mr.Wang _on a field trip.If he _ on a field trip tomorrow,please call me.A.goes;will go B.will go;goes C.will go;will go D.goes;goes 2.She asked me if I knew _.A.whose pen was it B.whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D.whose pen is it BB3.They wondered if the teacher _ us English the next term.
16、A.would teach B.had taught C.will teach D.taughtAChoose the right answers.5.I havent decide _ Ill go out or stay at home.A.if B.when C.why D.whether6.I want to know _ he loves you.A.that B.what C.if D.whoDC4.The boy asked _ any noise from outside.A.whether had I heard B.whether I had heard C.whether
17、 have I heard D.whether I have heardBAC 7.I wondered _ our teacher was going to attend our party.A.whether B.why C.where D.that 8.Id like to know _ or not.A.whether will he come B.whether has he come C.whether he will come D.if he will come二、宾语从句三要素：一连词,二语序,三时态。1)从句为陈述句时用that连接(常省略),从句语序不变;主句为一般现在时,
18、从句可为任何时态。主句为过去时态,从句用相应的过去时态 I think(that)she is a clever girl.We all know(that)they reached Shanghai yesterday.2）从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用whether 或 if,从句改为陈述句语序;主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。主句为过去时态,从句用相应的过去时态 Can you tell me whether/if you can mend the bike?I dont know whether/if they lived in Paris last year.I want to k
19、now whether/if she will lend you the money.改为含宾语从句的复合句改为含宾语从句的复合句 1.Will the train arrive on time?I want to know.I want to know _ the train _ on time.2.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.will arriveif/whether came if/whether Complete the
20、sentences.1.我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。We are wondering _ _ on Mars.2.你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？上去吗？Could you tell me _ to Mars?whether/if we canif/whether many peopleare going to movegrow plants3.我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。I dont know _ any washing at home.4.我担心是否伤害了她的感情。我担心是否
21、伤害了她的感情。I am worried about _.whether or not he doeswhether I hurt herfeelings1.Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine.2.The shop keeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.if/whetherwhether3.I dont know _ to go or stay.4._ that is true,wha
22、t should we do?whetherIf5._ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.WhetherComplete the sentences with if/whether.()1.I wonder _.Im afraid well be late.(2011山东青岛山东青岛)A.how we can be on time B.what we are going to do C.why we get to school late D.if we will arrive at the me
23、eting on time中考链接中考链接D()2.Well plant trees tomorrow,and I dont know_ Tom will come and join us.(2011天天津津)A.if B.which C.what D.whereA()3.Do you know _ tomorrow?Sorry,I dont know.You may surf the Internet.(2011湖南湘潭湖南湘潭)A.whether will it rain B.if it will rain C.whether does it rainB()4.Mum,can we go
24、to the art museum tomorrow?Sure.But first we should find out _.(2011广西南宁市广西南宁市)A.what can we do B.where we can go C.how can we go there D.if it will be openD()5.We dont know _ the meeting will be held soon.(2011内蒙古包头内蒙古包头)A.when B.what C.whether D.since C()5.Mary,could you tell me if your mother _ o
25、ur school sports meeting tomorrow?I think she will come to school if she _ free.(2011山东滨州山东滨州)A.will take part in;will be B.takes part in;is C.will take part in;is D.takes part in;will beC()6.Do you know _ Guangzhou tomorrow?(2011肇庆肇庆)A.whether they leave for B.whether will they leave for C.whether
26、they are leaving for C()7.Ive decided to go to London next weekend.I was wondering _ you could go with me.(2011江西省江西省)A.if B.when C.that D.whereA()8.Do you think _ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not?Sorry,Ive no idea.(2011广西百色广西百色)A.that B.which C.if D.whetherD()9.He said that l
27、ight _much faster than sound.(2011山东枣庄山东枣庄)A.has travelled B.went C.travels D.travelledC()10.Over these years I have had a new understanding of _ people traditionally call a perfect person.(2012江苏淮安江苏淮安)A.how B.what C.who D.whomA()11.Can you tell me in the future?(2012江苏宿迁江苏宿迁)A.how life will be lik
28、e B.how will life be like C.what life will be like D.what will life be likeC()12.Do you know _?At the end of July.(2012江苏连云港江苏连云港)A.how soon is your sister running back home B.how often Nancy from her pen friend C.when the London Olympic Games will be held D.when will the new computer game come outC
29、()13.-Peter,is there anything else you want to know about China?-Yes,I am still wondering _.(2012江苏江苏南京南京)A.how is Chinese paper cut made B.how was the Great Wall built in ancient times C.why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance D.why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Bo
30、at FestivalC()14.We havent discussed yet _.(2012江苏苏州江苏苏州)A.where we are going to put our new table B.where are we going to put our new table C.what we are going to put our new table D.what are we going to put our new tableA()15.I wonder _.(2012江苏镇江江苏镇江)A.if Dr Ma still works on the ORBIS plane B.how
31、 much does the tallest man in the world weigh C.when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industry D.that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moonA()16.They wonder _ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not.(2013漳州漳州)A.that B.if C.whether()17.Our physics teacher told us light _ faster th
32、an sound.(2013 黔东南黔东南)A.travels B.traveled C.traveling D.to travelCAExclamatory statements感叹句感叹句1.What a great day!2.How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!3.How pretty the dragon boats are!4.How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!由“what”引导的感叹句：修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。句子的结构
33、是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语主语+谓语谓语.由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1.“What+a/an 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如：What a nice present it is!它是一件多么好的礼物啊！What an interesting book it is!它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2.“What 形容词可数名词复数主语谓语！形容词可数名词复数主语谓语！”。如：What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊！What good children they are!他们是多么好的孩
34、子啊！3：“What 形容词不可数名词主语谓语形容词不可数名词主语谓语！”。如：What fine weather it is today!今天天气多好啊！What important news it is!多重要的新闻啊！由“how”引导的感叹句：“how”意为“多么”，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，句子的结构是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语主语+谓语谓语.1.How 形容词形容词/副词主语谓语！副词主语谓语！”。如：How careful she is!她多么细心啊！How fast he r
35、uns!他跑得多快啊！2.“How 形容词形容词 a/an 可数名词单数主语谓语！可数名词单数主语谓语！”。How beautiful a girl she is!她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3.“How 主语谓语！主语谓语！”。How time flies!光阴似箭！由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。How beautiful a girl she is!What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are!How delicious these cakes are!
36、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用“what”引导，也可用“how”引导。如：What a hot day it is!How hot the day is!多么热的天气呀！What tall buildings they are!How tall the buildings are!多么高的楼房呀！What bad weather it is!How bad the weather is!多么糟糕的天气呀！What bright sunshine it is!How bright the sunshine is!多么明亮的阳光呀！感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语
37、和谓语往往略去不讲。如：What a fine day!多么晴朗的天呀！What an honest boy!多么诚实的孩子呀！What red apples!多么红的苹果呀！How cool!好凉快呀！How wonderful!精彩极了！1.Many foreigners like Chinese food very much.They said,“How delicious the Beijing Duck is!”2.What a beautiful girl!Look!How long her hair is!HowWhatHowFill in the blanks with Wha
38、t,What a/an or How to form an exclamation.3.Look!Whats that in the bushes?Oh,its a dangerous snake.How dangerous it is!How填入适当的词完成下列感叹句填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday!2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the story is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is！6).
39、_ tasty smell the cake gave off!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news youve brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are!HowHowHowHowWhatWhat aWhat anWhatWhat aWhatWhat 与与How 大转换大转换1.What a pretty girl she is!_ _ the girl is!2.How difficult the questions
40、 are!_ _ _ they are.3.How big the factory is!_ _ big factory _ _!How prettyWhat difficult questions What a it is4.What a clever boy!_ _ the boy _!5.How tall the trees are!_ tall trees _ _!6.What interesting books they are!_ _ the books _!7.How funny the girl is!_ _ funny girl _ _!How cleverareWhat a
41、 she is How interestingWhat they areis8.How old the man is!_ _ old man _ _!9.What nice books they are!_ _ the books _!10.How amazing the building is!_ _ amazing building _ _!What anhe isHow niceareWhat anit is所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1.The boy swam very fast.（同义句）_ _ the boy swam!2.The school trip is ver
42、y exciting.（同义句）_ _ the school trip is!3.Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter._ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4.It is a very useful dictionary.（同义句）_ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5.The students are listening very carefully._ _ the students are listening!How fastHow excitingHow
43、beautifulWhat a useful How useful theHow carefully How delicious the mooncakes are!What fun the festival will be fun!How boring the concert is!How excited I am!What loud music the band played!将下列句子改为感叹句将下列句子改为感叹句1.The girl is very pretty.How pretty the girl is!What a pretty girl she is!2.This is an
44、old watch.How old this watch is!What an old watch it(this)is!3.The food is so nice.How nice the food is!What nice food it is!4.These questions are very easy.How easy these questions are!What easy questions these are!5.She has long hair.How long her hair is!What long hair she has!【2012江苏淮安江苏淮安】_ nice
45、 the ice cream looks!I cant wait to taste it.A.How a B.How C.What a D.WhatB【2012福建福州福建福州】Steve,did you see the lantern show when you were in Fuzhou?Of course!_ beautiful lanterns!A.What B.How C.What a A【2012江苏扬州江苏扬州】Its said that a foreign English teacher will teach us English next term.Wow!_!We can
46、 practice our oral English better.A.What an excited news B.How excited the news is C.What exciting news D.How exciting newsC(2009兰州中考兰州中考)-Dad,do you like my picture?-_!Its the nicest one Ive ever seen!A.What beautiful B.How careful C.How wonderful D.What wonderful pictureC(2013黑龙江大庆黑龙江大庆)_ fine wea
47、ther today!Why not go out for a walk?A.What a B.What C.How D.How a(2013山东淄博山东淄博)How do you like the program The Voice of China?_ amazing program it is!Many people like to watch it.A.What B.How an C.What an D.How BC(2013湖南长沙湖南长沙)_ clever the boy is!A.How B.What C.What a(2013河北河北)_ great picture!Who painted it?A.How B.What C.How a D.What a ADHow exciting the races are!I believe the Water Festival is the most fun.I wonder if the mooncakes are delicious.I dont know whether he will come home for the festival.What an interesting city!
