1、英语中的三大从句英语中的三大从句 定语从句定语从句 名词性从句名词性从句 Noun Clauses 状语从句状语从句名词性从句包括：名词性从句包括：宾语从句宾语从句：介宾结构；动宾结构介宾结构；动宾结构Object Clause表语从句：表语从句：系表结构系表结构(系动词后面跟一个从句系动词后面跟一个从句)主语从句主语从句:一个句子做主语一个句子做主语Subject Clause同位语从句：同位语从句：对其前面的名词进行解释说明对其前面的名词进行解释说明 名词性从句名词性从句 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做
2、宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中同位语从句在句中-主语宾语表语同位语1.概念：概念：2.主语从句的位置主语从句的位置:（1）（2）什么是主语从句？用句子来充当主语；亦可用用句子来充当主语；亦可用it作形式主语作形式主语位于句首，谓语动词之前。位于句首，谓语动词之前。What we need is your help.Whoever break the rule will be punished.位于句末，位于句末，it is.that.句式中句式中It is obvious that I am happy.高考考点高考考点1.考察重点：考察重点：连接词的恰当
3、选用连接词的恰当选用2.考察难点：考察难点：带有形式主语带有形式主语it 的主语从句的主语从句 主要集中在以下题型：主要集中在以下题型：1.1.语法填空语法填空 2.2.短文改错短文改错 3.3.写作运用（高级句型）写作运用（高级句型）1.不做成分：that，whether“是否是否”2.做成分：what(ever)(物)，who(ever)/whom(人），which哪个/些3.做状语：when(ever),where(ever),why,how(ever)学习主语从句要注意的问题学习主语从句要注意的问题 1、连接词、连接词连接词连接词 whether 在句中不充当成分，意为在句中不充当成分
4、，意为“是否是否”Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.Whether life exists on other planets is not clear.Whether hell come here isnt clear.Whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not is under discussion.连接词连接词：that 在句子中不充当任何成分，无在句子中不充当任何成分，无 意义，不可省略意义，不可省略 That
5、he will win is certain.That he played computer games into night made his parents disappointed.连接副词连接副词 when(时间时间),where(哪里哪里),why(为什么为什么),how(怎么；如何怎么；如何)有词义，在从句中担任状语。有词义，在从句中担任状语。Why Chen Lin committed suicide has not been clear yet.How this happened is not clear to anyone.Where he found the treasur
6、e remains a mystery.When we will hold the graduation ceremony has not been decided yet.When they will leave is not decided.连接代词连接代词：who(谁，主格谁，主格);whom(谁；宾格谁；宾格);whose (谁的谁的);what(什么什么事事/话话);which(哪一个）哪一个）;whoever(无论谁无论谁),whatever(无论什么无论什么),whichever (无论哪一个无论哪一个)在句子中担任主语，宾语，表语或定语在句子中担任主语，宾语，表语或定语Who
7、will host the meeting hasnt been decided yet.Which plan is better should be discussed.Whoever comes to China is welcome.Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.解题三步曲解题三步曲Step1:Step2:Step3:找出从句部分分析从句缺不缺成分。原则：先看成分，后含义缺：人who(ever)，物what(eve
8、r),which 哪个哪个/些些,why,how,when(ever),where(ever)不缺：that,whether是否突破方法突破方法1.That he will succeed is certain.2.Whether he will go there is not known.3.What was said is not true.4.When they will start has not been decided yet.5.What the teacher said today was quite right.找出从句和分析从句成分找出从句和分析从句成分 不缺不缺 “是否是
9、否”缺主语缺主语缺时间状语缺时间状语缺宾语缺宾语 考点一：考点一：that 与与 what 的用法的用法What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true.请你归纳请你归纳 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当不充当任何任何成分成分.连接作用连接作用,又在从句中作又在从句中作 主语主语,宾语宾语,表语。表语。ThatWhat(1)_ he told us this morning was just a lie.(2)_ is important to us is enough time.
10、(3)she is still alive is great news to all of us.WhatWhatThat练一练练一练 请找出下列句中的从句并下划请找出下列句中的从句并下划线，再线，再用用what或或that填空填空1.If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.Whether(1)主语从句位于句首时主语从句位于句首时,只用只用whether.(2)从句后有从句后有or或紧跟或紧跟or not时时,只用只用whether.下面从句的引导词是否正确？下面从句的引导词是否正确？考点二：考点二：whether 与与
11、if 的区别的区别2.If we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.WhetherTask 3 请找出下列句中的从句并下划线，再请找出下列句中的从句并下划线，再 用用 that,whether,what,who 填空填空 1.he made an important speech at the meeting was true.2.well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.3.the professor said is of great importance.4.will go t
12、o the college is still uncertain.ThatWhetherWhatWho练一练练一练他是不是我的孩子仍然是个问题。他是不是我的孩子仍然是个问题。remains a question.Whether he is my child我最喜欢的是你的我最喜欢的是你的发型。发型。is your hairstyle.What I like most 我需要的就是休息。我需要的就是休息。is rest.What I need 注意注意:由由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免避免“头重脚轻头重脚轻”,常用常用 it 作作形式主
13、语形式主语,而把从句放在后而把从句放在后面。面。例如例如:1.That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible._ _2.That they should like each other is natural._2、it做形式主语做形式主语It is natural that they should like each other.It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is+n.+从句从句
14、It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识*_(很遗憾很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that 事实是我们周围的污染正变得越来越严重。事实是我们周围的污染正变得越来越严重。the pollution around us is becoming mo
15、re and more serious.It is a fact that2)It is+adj.+从句从句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that.很可能很可能 It is unlikely that.不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary important natural.that*_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)this measure is effective.+(should)+doIt is possible that
16、It is obvious that we should learn English well.It is necessay that我们学好英语很有必要。我们学好英语很有必要。很明显她不是我们的英语老师很明显她不是我们的英语老师._she is not our English teacher.It is obvious that3)It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that.据说据说 It is known to all that.众所周知众所周知 It is reported that.据报道据报道 It is believed that.据信据信;人们相信人们
17、相信 It is suggested that+(should）do.建议建议It must be admitted that必须承认必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是*_(据报道据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.*_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that课下思考课下思考：It
18、is suggested that+sb.(should）do.建议建议 除了除了suggest,我们还学过哪些动词可以用我们还学过哪些动词可以用在这个句型中？在这个句型中？4)It+不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that.碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起我突然想起_(刚好刚好)I came into the office atthat time._(我突然想起我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.5)It+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+that从句从句It worried her a bit that he
19、r hair was turning grey.It shocked me that he didnt tell anybody where he was.It happened thatIt occurred to me that_(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is suggested that请用“It+be+过去分词”完成句子 据报道这位著名的篮球明星已经去世了。据报道这位著名的篮球明星已经去世了。_the famous basketball star has passed away.It is repo
20、rted that请你帮李华用英文翻译以下信内容。请你帮李华用英文翻译以下信内容。1.得知学校篮球队正在寻找新队员，我很兴奋。得知学校篮球队正在寻找新队员，我很兴奋。I am very excited to learn that _.2.我可能会加入，所以我写信邀请你和我一起去。我可能会加入，所以我写信邀请你和我一起去。It is possible that_.3.众所周知，打篮球不仅可以丰富我们的校园生活，而且有益于众所周知，打篮球不仅可以丰富我们的校园生活，而且有益于 我们的健康。（用我们的健康。（用not only.but also.）4.我们有必要通过锻炼来锻炼身体。我们有必要通过锻炼
21、来锻炼身体。It is necessary that_.5.我希望我所说的能对你有所帮助。我希望我所说的能对你有所帮助。I hope that_.I am very excited to learn that1.our school basketball team is looking for new members.2.It is possible/likely that I will join in it,so Im writing to invite you to come with me3.It is known to us that playing basketball can no
22、t only enrich our campus life,but also benefit our health.4.It is necessary that we build up our body by doing exercises.5.I hope that what I said may help you.Conclusion高考对主语从句的考察点侧重以下两点：高考对主语从句的考察点侧重以下两点：1.连接词的恰当选用连接词的恰当选用,尤其是that和what的辨析。whether 和if 的用法区别2.带有形式主语带有形式主语it 的主语从句的主语从句 主语从句中应特别注意的问题主
23、语从句中应特别注意的问题(一).语序应是陈述句语序语序应是陈述句语序How he managed to survive in the forest interested everyone present.When he will come is not known.What he needs is an English dictionary.(二二).谓语动词的单复数谓语动词的单复数When we shall hve our sports meeting _(have)not been decided yet.What I need _(be)money.What I need _(be)bo
24、oks.When they will start and where they will go _(have)not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will be held _(have)not been decided.看从句的含义或其后边的名词或代词的数。看从句的含义或其后边的名词或代词的数。hasisarehavehas(三三)if/wheter 在主语从句中的用法在主语从句中的用法If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.Whether the meeting
25、 will be put off has not been decided yet.注意：注意：whether 可以引导主语从句可以放在句首，可以引导主语从句可以放在句首，但但if不能不能(四四).判断以下句子是否正确：判断以下句子是否正确：They like each other is natural.That they like each other is natural.It is natural that they like each other.错误错误正确正确正确正确that引导的主语从句放句首引导的主语从句放句首，既不充当成分又无意义，既不充当成分又无意义，但但that不能省去不
26、能省去。找出错误并改正。想一想，为啥这么改？1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.2.You have made a mistake is a fact.3.If the policeman will come is not certain.4.That is certain that we can win.we shallWhetherItThat you have5.It is ordered we should leave at once.6.Where he comes from are a mystery.7.What whe
27、ther he likes the job is not clear.8.Who he is and where he is from is important.9.What he saw is the stars in the sky.thatisxareareExercises:Part One:主语从句单选题主语从句单选题1.has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.WhoeverD2.It was he said disappointed me.A.what;tha
28、t B.that;that C.what;what D.that;whatA3.well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.WhereB4.he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matterA5.was to return to school.A.That really interested him B.What really interested himC.Which
29、really interested him D.That interest him reallyB6.makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.WhateverC7.your men have been on my land without permission.A.It seems that B.There seems to be C.That seems D.It seems forA8.It has always puzzled me the old man lied a red silk ribbon on t
30、he young tree.A.that B.why C.where D.whatB1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B.that C.what D.when4.What I say a
31、nd think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have 1._ you dont like him is none of my business.2._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present3._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5._ leaves the room las
32、t ought to turn off the lights.ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever请用恰当的主语从句连词填空请用恰当的主语从句连词填空:What,it,that,whether,whoeverCorrect or not?*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.be held hasnt been known yet.Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用主语从句的谓语用单数单数形式。形式。10 the cat domade What the cat did made the baby
33、 cry.WhatcryMake a sentence301.The question is _ the film is interesting.2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.用用whetherif填空填空whetherWhether10talk aboutthe use of cell phoneWhat they are talking about is the use of cell phone.Make a sentence30*If we will have a meeting hasnt been de
34、cided yet.Correct or not?Whether we will.decided yet.Pay attention:放在名词性从句放在名词性从句句首句首，表示，表示“是否是否”，只能用，只能用whether,不能用不能用if10report,get the highest points,match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.Make a sentence30 Correct or not?Pay attention:此主语从句此主语从句缺少成分缺少成分-宾语，宾语，故用作成
35、分的故用作成分的what来引导，而不用来引导，而不用that。What she wants to know is.*That she wants to know is when the party will be held.10 Correct or not?Pay attention:由由that引导的主语从句放在句引导的主语从句放在句首，首，that 不能省略不能省略。That he will give up He will give up his job surprises all of us.10Translate the sentence*_（她是否出席会议）（她是否出席会议）is
36、not certain.Whether she will attend the meeting20It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.teacher angryDont know the answerMake a sentence30What makes the teacher angry is that the child doesnt know the answer.1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.W
37、hy C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all that America is a developed country.A Which B As C What D It 练一练练一练4.Its known to us all _ a form of energy.A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water to 5.It worried her a
38、 bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B.that C.what D.when6.What I say and think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词种类功能（功能（都起连接主从句作用）从属连词 that无成分，无意思，可以省（但并列的宾语从句中第一个that可省，其他的不能省）从属连词If/whether无成分，有意思“是否”，不能省（在介词后的宾语从句中只用whether 不用if）连接代词连接代词what,which,who,
39、whom,whose等在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语或定语，连接副词when,where,why,how等在从句中充当状语1.主从句时态主从句时态：即如果主句用与现在有关的时态，宾语从句的时即如果主句用与现在有关的时态，宾语从句的时态不受限制，可根据实际需要来确定。态不受限制，可根据实际需要来确定。2.主从句时态主从句时态：即如果主句用一般过去时，宾语从句的时态应与即如果主句用一般过去时，宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态相照应，也应该用过去的某种时态。主句的时态相照应，也应该用过去的某种时态。3.如果宾语从句的内容是客观事实，真理等，只用如果宾语从句的内容是客观事实，真理等，只用 一般现在时。一般现
40、在时。宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态宾语从句的宾语从句的语序语序：应选用：应选用陈述句陈述句语语序序。宾语从句的重难点突破 1.The leaders of the battle ordered _all of us_the work on time.A.if;finished B.that;finish C.whether;finished D.what;finishedinsist;order,command;advise,suggest,propose;require,request,ask,demand(一坚持一坚持,二命令二命令,三建议三建议,四要四要求求)总结归纳 在一些表示坚持、命
41、令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。1.坚持：insist2.命令：order,command3.建议：suggest,propose,advise4.要求：desire,demand,require,request1.她她坚持坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。She insisted that she(should)organize the trip properly.2.他他命令命令关闭所有的大门。关闭所有的大门。He commanded that all the gates(should)be shut
42、.3.我我建议建议他应该更努力学习。他应该更努力学习。I suggested that he(should)study harder.4.老师老师要求要求我们和睦相处。我们和睦相处。The teacher requests that we(should)get along well with each other.3.The shopkeeper did not want to sell itfor _ he thought was not enough.A.where B.how C.what D.which4.You can hardly imagine _when he heard th
43、e news.A.how he was excited B.how was he excited C.how excited he was D.he was how excited5.I couldnt understand _ with me.A.the matter was what B.what the matter was C.what was the matter D.that was the matter what 在宾语从句中的活译在宾语从句中的活译,可译可译为为“的事情，的事情，的东西，的东西，的样子的样子,的地方的地方等。等。it 做形式宾语 it 常可以放在动词think,
44、find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而把真正的宾语-that从句后置,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。We heard it that she would get married next month.我们听说他下个月要结婚了。We think it necessary that everyone should form agood habit.动词+it+形容词+that从句，it 为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。We think that middle school students master oneforeign language pos
45、sible.(改用形式宾语 it)We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?whether/if 引导的宾语从句归纳总结引导的宾语从句归纳总结在宾语从句中，表示在宾语从句中，
46、表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,也可以用也可以用if.但是，但是，whether常与常与or not连用；作连用；作介词宾语只用介词宾语只用whether.1.She asked Tom_was the matter with his car.2.Will you tell me _ I can keep healthy?3.This depends on _the money we have is enough.4.Her wish is _she could lose weight soon.5.Could you tell me _ Marry lives?whatwhe
47、rewhetherthathow牛刀小试牛刀小试1.The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.(北京北京2011)A.what B.how C.that D.why2.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.(2010课标全国卷课标全国卷)A.that B.which C.what D.where3.Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will n
48、eed for the coming season.(山东山东2010)A.why B.what C.how D.which4.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.(湖南湖南2010)A.where B.whether C.that D.why5.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or rela
49、tives.(四川四川2010)A.what B.who C.how D.whysummarysummary 一.that引导的宾语从句 1.that省略情况 2.否定前移 3.that宾语从句中的虚拟语气 4.that从句中it 作形式宾语 二.whether/if引导的宾语从句 三、其他连接词连接的宾语从句 考点主要有：引导词，时态，语序1、Correct the errors1.If you like him or not is none of my business.2.When and where we shall have our sports meeting have not b
50、een decided yet.3.It is suggested that we will hold a meeting next week.4.The young man wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden.5.Whatever leaves the room last should turn off the lights.主语从句课后练习主语从句课后练习2、Complete the sentences1._(我们要去哪度假我们要去哪度假)hasnt been decided.2._(他是否会来他是否会来)is still a
