1、沉思录读后感和心得沉思录读后感和心得沉思录读后感沉思录读后感记得在高的时候经常听说温总理有本书叫沉思录记得在高的时候经常听说温总理有本书叫沉思录,总理经常放在枕边每天总理经常放在枕边每天都要读一次都要读一次,而且而且,总理回答记者提问时也经常引用里面的句子总理回答记者提问时也经常引用里面的句子,当时便有要读一当时便有要读一读的冲动。等进了大学后读的冲动。等进了大学后-,便在空闲时间开始读这本书便在空闲时间开始读这本书,寒假时我把这本书带回寒假时我把这本书带回家读完家读完,读完后感觉收获挺大的。尤其是在如何正确看待人生和待人处事颇有读完后感觉收获挺大的。尤其是在如何正确看待人生和待人处事颇有启发
2、和收获。启发和收获。这本书以庄严不屈的精神负起做人的重荷这本书以庄严不屈的精神负起做人的重荷,直接帮助人们去过更加美好的生活。直接帮助人们去过更加美好的生活。沉思录是古罗马皇帝马可沉思录是古罗马皇帝马可.奥勒留所著奥勒留所著,这本书记载了他与自己的对话这本书记载了他与自己的对话,内容内容大部分是他在鞍马劳顿所写大部分是他在鞍马劳顿所写,是斯多葛派哲学的一个里程碑。沉思录来自是斯多葛派哲学的一个里程碑。沉思录来自于作者对身羁宫廷和自己所处混乱世界的感受于作者对身羁宫廷和自己所处混乱世界的感受,追求一种摆脱了激情和欲望、追求一种摆脱了激情和欲望、冷静而达观的生活。冷静而达观的生活。奥勒留自幼受到良
3、好的教育奥勒留自幼受到良好的教育,学习过希腊文学、修辞、哲学、法律与绘画等。学习过希腊文学、修辞、哲学、法律与绘画等。在他执政的近在他执政的近20年间年间,古罗马帝国水灾、地震、瘟疫、饥荒、蛮族入侵、军事古罗马帝国水灾、地震、瘟疫、饥荒、蛮族入侵、军事反叛等天灾人祸不断反叛等天灾人祸不断,尽管他以其坚定的精神和智慧尽管他以其坚定的精神和智慧,夙兴夜寐地工作夙兴夜寐地工作,也不能阻也不能阻挡古罗马帝国的颓势。公共职责的沉重负担和个人际遇的沉痛经历使他陷入挡古罗马帝国的颓势。公共职责的沉重负担和个人际遇的沉痛经历使他陷入了极大的悲观了极大的悲观,而使他能忍受下来的是哲学而使他能忍受下来的是哲学,他
4、试图以他试图以“哲学的沉思哲学的沉思”来避开人世来避开人世的纷扰的纷扰,追求内心的安追求内心的安 Book5 Unit 1 Great Scientists Reading archeologist考古学家考古学家astronomer天文学家天文学家biologist生物学家生物学家botanist植物学家植物学家ecologist生态学家生态学家geneticist遗传学家遗传学家zoologist动物学家动物学家physiologist生理学家生理学家chemist化学家化学家computer scientistmedical scientistengineermathematiciane
5、arth scientistgeologist地质学家地质学家seismologist地震学家地震学家physiographer地文学家地文学家geographer地理学家地理学家physicist物理学家物理学家psychologisteducational psychologistmanagement scientistsocial scientistanthropologist人类学家人类学家economistphilosopher哲学家哲学家A scientist,refers to an individual who uses the scientific method.draw a
6、 conclusionthink of a methodcollect resultsmake a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultsfind supporting evidence please put the 7 stages in right order draw a conclusionfind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsfind supporting evidencePeriod 2 Reading John Sn
7、ow Defeats “King Cholera”Study the titleWhats the main idea?Read Para1 Who?What?When?John Snow?a famous doctor in London.attended Queen Victoria as her personal physicianTime?John Snow(15 March 1813 16 June 1858)was an English physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia(麻醉)and medical hygi
8、ene（卫生）.He is considered one of the fathers of modern epidemiology（流行病学）,in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London,in 1854.His findings inspired fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London,which led to similar changes in other cities,and a sig
9、nificant improvement in general public health around the world It infects peoples intestines(肠道肠道),causing diarrhoea(腹泻腹泻),vomiting(呕吐呕吐)and dehydration(脱水脱水)infectious Diseasesspread quickly,severe,deadly,no effective cure,devastatinghand-foot-mouth diseaseA flu 甲流甲流hepatitisB 乙肝乙肝Mad cow diseaseMu
10、mps腮腺炎腮腺炎Measles麻疹麻疹Smallpox天花天花Malaria疟疾疟疾Diarrhea腹泻腹泻A plague of rats鼠疫鼠疫AIDSWhooping cough百日咳百日咳Tetanus破伤风破伤风TB肺结核肺结核 It infects peoples intestines(肠道肠道),causing diarrhoea(腹泻腹泻),vomiting(呕吐呕吐)and dehydration(脱水脱水)5oo deaths in 10 days in 1854 in London.Many deaths in African countries in 2005and
11、even nowWhat will be written about in the following paragraphs?Read the whole passage and finish Exx 1 in page3draw a conclusionfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsFind supporting evidencePara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6DetailsPara 7Go through each
12、paragraph and match each with the 7 steps of doing scientific researchdraw a conclusionfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsrepeat if necessaryPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Match themPara 7Close reading(精细化阅读)Read for details for each stepdraw a co
13、nclusionfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsFind supporting evidencePara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Match themPara 7Para1-stage1-What is the problem?The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause,nor its cure was understood.Wha
14、t caused cholera?Details draw a conclusionfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsFind supporting evidencePara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Match themPara 7Para2-Stage 2 make up a question:Which theory to believe in?Cholera multiplied in the air without r
15、eason.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals.draw a conclusionfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsFind supporting evidence Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Match themPara 7A map of B
16、road StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.The water from the pump was to blame.Public housedraw a conclusionfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsFind supporting evidencePara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Pa
17、ra 6Match themPara 7Para4Stage 5analyze the results:What happened to the pump water?The water was from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.draw a conclusionfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsFind supporting evidencePara 1Pa
18、ra 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Match themPara 7Para5-stage6-Find supporting evidence:What extra evidence did he find?A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died.Para6-stage7-draw a conclusion with certaintyThe polluted water carried the disease.draw a conclusionfind a prob
19、lemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsFind supporting evidencePara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Match themPara 7How do we summarize this passage?What genre(体裁体裁)？features of a(research)report formal language with few adjectives No speech except quotations Not emot
20、ional Only one main character Factual Organized according to experimental process(过程）过程）Past tense and passive voiceRetell the article by following 7 stagesJohn Snow was a famous doctor in London.There was the most deadly disease called“King Cholera”of its day.Every time there was a(n)outbreak,many
21、people died.John Snow wanted to face the challenge,find the cause and solve this problem.At that time.there were two theories about cholera.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.John Snow suspe
22、cted the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So he collected data to test the two theories.He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived and the map gave a valuable clue.It seemed the water was to blame.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these streets.He fou
23、nd two other deaths in another part of London linked to the Broad Street outbreak.With enough evidence,he announced with certainty that polluted water carried the disease of cholera.By following the seven stages we can solve problems in_补充阅读补充阅读People do not analyze every problem they meet.Sometimes
24、 they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem.They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.Other times they begin to act without thinking;they try to find a solution by trial and error.However,when all these methods fail,the person with a problem has to st
25、art analyzing.There are six stages in analyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem.For example,Sams bicycle is broken,and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does.Sam must see that thereis a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem.Before
26、Sam can repair his bicycle.he must find the reason why it does not work.For instance,he must determine if the problem is with the gears,the brakes,or the frame.He must make his problem more specific.Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solu
27、tions.For instance.suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels.At this time.he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears.He can talk to his friends at the bike shop.He can look at his gears carefully.After studying the problem,
28、the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution.Take Sam as an illustration.His suggestions might be:put oil on the gear wheels;buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones;tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem.Sometime
29、s the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way.Sam,for example,suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖口香糖)between the gear wheels.He immediately realizes the solution to his problem:he must clean the gear wheels.Fina
30、lly the solution is tested.Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly.In short,he has solved the problem.draw a conclusionfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceReading task on page44.Summarize
31、it by abiding the 7 stages Research report在高考中的应用 高考高考research report 常见结构：常见结构：第一段：第一段：study 发现的结论发现的结论省略或没有直接交待:find a problem,make up a question,Think of a methodCollect resultsAnalyze the resultsRepeat if necessaryDraw a conclusion对结论的补充说明，结论在开头首段已经交待了有这种思考方式-答题思路更清晰研究结论到哪段找？研究结论到哪段找？研究过程细节到哪段找？研究过程细节到哪段找？标题怎么确定？标题怎么确定？高考例题：11全国卷 11江苏卷 11湖南卷 10辽宁卷 10湖南卷第二段开始：研究过程第二段开始：研究过程
