1、八年级英语外研版上课件动词不定式用法What are the three non-predicates in English?The Infinitive?to do sth?to be doing sth?to have done?The Participle?doing?having done?done?The Gerund?doing?having doneWh a t a r e t h e t h r e e n o n-p r e d i c a语法：语法：动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式在句子中的作用作主语：作主语：e.g.To say is one thing;to do i
2、s another.Its important to do it right away.作表语：作表语：e.g.What you should is to leave here at once.The problem is how to do it.作宾语：作宾语：e.g.I want to buy something for him.I dont know what to do next.语法：动词不定式在句子中的作用作主语：e.g.T o s a y作宾语补足语：作宾语补足语：e.g.He asked me to wait for him for a while.My father let
3、s me go out alone at night.不带不带to的不定式作宾补！的不定式作宾补！作定语（位于名词或代词之后）：作定语（位于名词或代词之后）：e.g.Do you have anything to say?Have you got the permission to use the computer?作宾语补足语：e.g.H e a s k e d m e t o w a i作状语（目的、结果、原因等）：作状语（目的、结果、原因等）：e.g.We eat to live;we dont live to eat.目的目的e.g.We went to see him only to
4、 find him out.结果状语结果状语e.g.We are glad to see you.原因状语原因状语在在tooto do;adj./adv.+enough to do结结构中作结果状语；在构中作结果状语；在in order to;so as to结构中作结构中作目的状语；在目的状语；在be+adj.+to do 中作原因或方式状中作原因或方式状语。语。e.g.He is old enough to go to school.He got up early so as to catch the bus.Im sorry to hear that.作状语（目的、结果、原因等）：e.g
5、.We e a t t o1.To select the right colorsis important for business.(subject)2.My dream is to go to Beijing University.(predicative)3.Western brides choose to wear whiteontheir wedding days.(object)4.To attract more customers,they paint their restaurant red.(adverbial)5.I have no way to help him out
6、of trouble.(attribute)(attribute)1.T o s e l e c t t h e r i g h t c o l o r s i s5.I dont think it difficult 5.I dont think it difficult to improve our Englishin a short time.(formal object)6.Never hesitateto help others.(object)7.We have been told when and where to have the physical examination.(o
7、bject)8.It is necessary for young people nowadays to master at least one foreign language.(formal subject)5.I d o n t t h i n k i t d i f f i c u l t Special patterns:1.He is said to have already finishedhis task.=It is said thathe has already finished 2.He is thought to bethe best player.=It is tho
8、ught thathe is the best player.3.She is believed to have landedin America=It is believed thatshe has landed 4.You seem to have seenthe film.=It seems thatyou have seen the film.S p e c i a l p a t t e r n s:1.H e i s s a i d only to do-1.He hurried back to his house,only to find that it was empty2.H
9、e survived the air crash,only to die in the desert3.I ran to the station,only to see the train was out of the station.4.He enjoyed laughing at others,only to find himself laughed at.o n l y t o d o -1.H e h u r r i e d b不不带带toto的不定式的不定式a.feel，hear，see,watch,listen to,look at,observe,notice*I sawwatc
10、hed him drive off*I heard him lock the door(but:He was seen to enterthe office)b.make,let,have(let has no passive voice)c.had better,would rather than do anything/nothing but/except*He does nothing but complain*My dog does everything but speak不带t o 的不定式a.f e e l，h e a r，s e e,w a t c h,动词不定式易考点：动词不定
11、式易考点：1.They are said to_(D在建）在建）a bridge.A.build B.built C.have built D.be building.B2.She seemed to _ me before.A.be meeting B.have met C.have been meeting 动词不定式有时态的变化！常有进行动词不定式有时态的变化！常有进行时（不定式动作在持续）、完成时（在谓语时（不定式动作在持续）、完成时（在谓语动作之前完成）、完成进行时（在谓语动作动作之前完成）、完成进行时（在谓语动作之前已经开始并一直持续的动作）。之前已经开始并一直持续的动作）。动词不
12、定式易考点：1.T h e y a r e s a i d t o _ _ _3.She doesnt like to _(C被表扬）被表扬）in public.A.praise B.be praising C.be praised 4.The coat is too large to _.AA.wear B.be worn C.be wearing动词不定式有被动语态（即逻辑主语是不定动词不定式有被动语态（即逻辑主语是不定式式 动作的承受者时使用），但在以下四种情动作的承受者时使用），但在以下四种情况中况中不定式主动表被动不定式主动表被动！在在too(enough)to 结构中结构中在在th
13、ere be 结构中：结构中：to doe.g.There is a lot of work _.3.S h e d o e s n t l i k e t o _ _ _ _(C 被too+adj./adv.+to dotoo+adj./adv.+to do*You are too young to understand*He was too drunk to drive home.*The case was too heavy（for her）to carry.+adj+enough+to do sth.+adj+enough+to do sth.*you are old enough t
14、o support yourself.*The ice wasthick enough to walk on.t o o +a d j./a d v.+t o d o*Y o在形容词在形容词easy,difficult,hard,good,heavy等等词后作状语时。词后作状语时。e.g.The novel is easy to read.The bag is heavy to carry at that time.虽然不定式与修饰词之间有逻辑动宾关系，虽然不定式与修饰词之间有逻辑动宾关系，但如与但如与另外一个名词或代词具备逻辑主谓关另外一个名词或代词具备逻辑主谓关系系，不定式亦用，不定式亦用
15、主动表被动意义主动表被动意义。e.g.Please give the children some books to readI have nothing to say.主谓主谓动宾关系动宾关系在形容词e a s y,d i f f i c u l t,h a r d,g o o d,三：三：动词不定式的省略问题动词不定式的省略问题：为了：为了避免重复避免重复前面已经出现的前面已经出现的动词动词，可以省去不定式中的，可以省去不定式中的动词及其宾语动词及其宾语。e.g.Would you like to see our baby?-I d love to(see your baby).省略！省略！
16、I want to mend your radio,but I dont know how to_(如何修）？如何修）？The boy want to ride his bicycle in the Astreet,but his father told him_.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to三：动词不定式的省略问题：为了避免重复前面已经出现的动词，可四：不定式作定语需要加介词的情况：四：不定式作定语需要加介词的情况：1.与它修饰的词有动宾关系，而该不定式中与它修饰的词有动宾关系，而该不定式中的动词又是不及物动词时，其后需加的动词又是
17、不及物动词时，其后需加 适当的适当的介词以带逻辑宾语：介词以带逻辑宾语：e.g.She is a very nice person to work withThere is nothing to _(worry about担心）担心）.四：不定式作定语需要加介词的情况：1.与它修饰的词有动宾关系2.与修饰的词有动宾与修饰的词有动宾 关系的不定式，虽动词关系的不定式，虽动词是及物动词但已带有自己的宾语，是及物动词但已带有自己的宾语，其后需加其后需加适当的介词，以将不定式短语与其修饰的词适当的介词，以将不定式短语与其修饰的词连接起来。连接起来。e.g.Here is a box to put th
18、ings in.=put things 动宾动宾介宾介宾in a box.Jack is the very person discuss the matter with讨论这个问题）。讨论这个问题）。to_(2.与修饰的词有动宾关系的不定式，虽动词是及物动词但已带有自3.动词不定式修饰表地点的词如动词不定式修饰表地点的词如room,house,school等时，不定式需加适当的等时，不定式需加适当的介词。介词。e.g.He is looking for a hotel to stay at.I have a small room _(居住居住).to live in注意：不定式所修饰的词表不定
19、式动作注意：不定式所修饰的词表不定式动作发生的时间、方式时发生的时间、方式时，常不加介词！，常不加介词！e.g.Its time to get up.That will be the best way to solve the problem.3.动词不定式修饰表地点的词如r o o m,h o u s e,s c h o4。不定式的时态不定式的时态I saw him go out.（同时或之后）（同时或之后）Im sorry glad to be working with you （进行）（进行）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.（之（之前前）4。不定式的时
20、态I s a w h i m g o o u t.（同时或之Practice:1.The patient was warned _ oily food after Cthe operation.A.Not eating B.to eat not C.not to eat D.eating not 2.The little time we have together we try _ wisely.A.spending B.to spend it C.to spend D.spending that BP r a c t i c e:1.T h e p a t i e n t w a s w a
21、3.When I handed the report to John,he said George was the person _.CA.to send B.for sending C.to send it to D.for sending it to 4.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss Bwhich to buy.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing3.Wh e n I h a n d e d t h e r e p o r t t o5.To fetch wat
22、er before breakfast seemed to me a rule_.BA.To never break B.never to be broken C.never to have broken D.never to be breaking 5.T o f e t c h w a t e r b e f o r e b r e a k不定式不定式1不定式的不定式的作用作用例1 NMET 2000 第19题Ive work with children before,so I know what _ in my job.BA.expected B.to expect C.to be ex
23、pecting D.expects该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain不定式1 不定式的作用 例1 N ME T 2 0 0 0 第1 9 题不定式不定式1不定式的不定式的作用作用例2 NMET 1999 第21题The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making
24、D.do not make.B因为主语是因为主语是the purpose，在（，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，不定式，to不能省略，因此构成不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选句型，故选B。不定式1 不定式的作用 例2 N ME T 1 9 9 9 第2 1 题不定式不定式2不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态例例3 NMET 1997第第12题题I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extr
25、a hours to finish a report.A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have goneD该题考查动词不定式做该题考查动词不定式做 宾语宾语的的用法。用法。would love(like)to 是固定搭配，因此是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题、不合题意。意。Would love+不定式一般式，表示不定式一般式，表示“想，想，希望希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望原本希望而未曾实现而未曾实现”的意思。的意思。不定式2 不定式的时态和语态 例3 N ME T 1 9 9 7 第1例例4 NMET 2002 第第14题
26、题Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(2002)BtobeseenA.toseeB.C.seeingD.seen不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系系,被动关系用被动被动关系用被动.例如：例如：It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers.The question to be
27、discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.例4 N ME T 2 0 0 2 第1 4 题H a v i n g a t不定式不定式3例例5 NMET 1996年年不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式The patient was warned _ oily food after the operationThe patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatA.to eat no
28、t B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatC该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，后跟词方式，warn sb.not to do sth.warn sb.against doing sth.该题应该用结构该题应该用结构另外，另外，not 应放在应放在to之前。之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,look at；三使役；三使役make,let,have;二听二听listen to,hear等）须接不带等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。的不定式做宾补。不定式3 例5 N ME T 1 9 9 6 年不定式的否定形式T h
