1、人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词相互代词相互代词疑问代词疑问代词关系代词关系代词不定代词不定代词一一.概念概念二、分类二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格主格I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格宾格 me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性性 my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,n性性 mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs myself,yourself,herself,himself,i
2、tself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfthis,that,these,those,each other,one another who,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,as代词是代替名词的一种词类。代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。sth;sb;both;all;no;another,others It was I who met her in.It was he
3、r who I met in.It is he who teachesIt is us who he teaches.He teaches us P.E.1.人称代词人称代词主格主格:I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。但在强调句型中但在强调句型中,被强调的代词的主格宾格保持不变。被强调的代词的主格宾格保持不变。在省略谓语的句子中在省略谓语的句子中,用作主语的人称代词常用宾格用作主语的人称代词常用宾格The Kings
4、 are music-lovers.They often go to the concert.Nancy is a P.E teacher.Ive known her for years.A:Does any one know Susans e-mail address?/Who is on duty today?/Who has been to Japan?B:Me.I met her in the bar.在用在用 than、as表示比较的句子中用主格表示比较的句子中用主格,宾格都可以宾格都可以 He is taller than me/I.I can run as fast as he/
5、him.但有时用主格与宾格意义不同，如：但有时用主格与宾格意义不同，如：1.He loves her more than I =He loves her more than I love her.2.He loves her more than me =He loves her more than he loves me.3.I like Bob as much as him.=I like both Bob and him.4.I like Bob as much as he.=I like Bob and he likes Bob,too.2)两个以上的人称代词并列时两个以上的人称代词并列
6、时,其次序排列原则其次序排列原则:二三一二三一 人人 称称.“我我”总是放在最后总是放在最后,在并列主语中在并列主语中,排列顺序为排列顺序为:you,she/he and I,并列宾格并列宾格:you,her/him and me,3)人称代词的特殊用法：人称代词的特殊用法：we/you 在口语中常用来泛指一般人。在口语中常用来泛指一般人。she,her 通常通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。You,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Li asked you,Tom and me to clean the
7、 windows.You learn English better if you stay in an English-speaking country.The Titanic,the largest ship at that time started her first journey on a sunny day.China is my motherland,Although she is not rich enough now,I still love her very much.it 的用法的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事
8、物2)表示性别不明显的婴儿表示性别不明显的婴儿3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见或只闻其声未见 其人的其人的,非活生生的具体真人。非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离指代天气、时间、距离 A:Whos the man beside you in the photo?B:Its my cousin Henry.A:Someone is knocking at the door,Who can it be?B:I bet its Mike.I warned him not to smoke,but it didnt help.Look at t
9、he baby,its so cute/lovely.It is Wednesday today.It never rains but it pours!It is ten minutes walk from my house to the park.It is fifteen years since he came to Shanghai.5)用于强调句用于强调句6)在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English well.It is kind/nice of you to help me
10、 with my math.I find/think it useful to read English every day.It is our duty to study hard.Its a pleasure for me to play the guitar for you all.It is a pity that you missed the football match.It is said that an traffic accident happened to him last nightIt was reported that a robbery happened here.
11、It seemed that his interview was a success.It doesnt matter what they will say.It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that(强调人可用强调人可用who)+剩余部分剩余部分 He teaches us P.E.It is he who teaches/It is us make it（口语）获得成功;take it easy 从容，不着急 let it go 不去理会,随它去（不屑或懒得多说或做什么）this/that is it 这/那正是我(们)所需要的;这/那正是失败的原因所在；这/那正是最后的结果了。I
12、t takes all sorts to make a world.It takes me ten minutes to go to school on foot.He never really made it as an actor before 2000.We still have half an hour,Take it easy!I dont agree with him,but l will it go at that.I overheard her talking about me,but I let it go.Ive been looking for a house for m
13、onths and I think this is it.Im afraid thats it,we have lost the match!2.物主代词物主代词形容词性形容词性:my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,名词性名词性:mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs adj 物主代词属于限定词物主代词属于限定词,后面必须有后面必须有n,只能作定语。只能作定语。n 性物主代词在用法上相当于性物主代词在用法上相当于“adj 词性物主代词词性物主代词+n”既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，T
14、his isnt her pen.Hers looks newer and cleaner.主语I lost my bike,Can I use yours.宾语Look for your keys in your bag,not in mine.介词宾语:双重属格为双重属格为：a/an,this,that+n+of+n 性物主代词性物主代词 a friend of mine.each brother of his.形容词形容词 own 常用在形容词性物主代词后面加强语气常用在形容词性物主代词后面加强语气 ones own+名词名词=.名词名词of ones own I have my own
15、 car/friends=I have a car/friends of my own.I saw it with my own eyes!含有物主代词的词组含有物主代词的词组 on ones own=by oneself 独立地，独自地try/do ones best to do sth竭尽全力做某事lose ones way/temper/life.迷路/发脾气/丧命lose ones heart to sb/sth=fall in love with 钟情于in ones forties/fifties 在某人40/50来岁的时候do ones homework 做作业；in ones
16、opinion 依某人看be ones own master/mistress 独立自主keep/lose ones balance(因保持/失去平衡而)稳住/倒下Keep/lose ones head 保持镇定/昏头，冲动Keep/break ones promise 信守/违背诺言keep/break ones word 守信/失信,食言 eat ones words 承认自己说错话on ones way to spin ones free/spare time 在某人的闲暇时光hold ones breath 屏息;lose ones breath气喘吁吁to ones surprise
17、/disappointment令某人惊讶/失望的是1).作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 Behave yourselves,children!We enjoyed ourselves=had a good time last night.Please help yourself to some fish,Lora.2).作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Shes very angry with herself for her carelessness.Im confident of myself=I have confidence in myself.They were discussing about it
18、 among themselves.3).作表语作表语:Im not feeling myself today.Whats wrong with you?You dont look yourself today.4).作同位语，起强调作用作同位语，起强调作用The book itself is good,but it isnt suitable for you.The boy himself is not bad although he is naughty.3.反身代词反身代词myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselve
19、s,themselves,oneselfenjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心teach oneself sth=learn sth by oneself 自学buy oneself sth=buy sth for oneself 为自己买call oneself a writer/Jay Chou 自称作家/周杰论introduce oneself 自我介绍；be proud of oneself自豪devote oneself to 全神贯注于;献身于behave oneself 举止规范;express oneself 表达思想hurt oneself 弄
20、伤自己;dress oneself(up)穿衣(打扮)Help oneself to some随便吃/喝点.make oneself at home,放松；别拘束make oneself understood 让别人明白/理解自己think more of oneself than others考虑自己多于别人feel oneself 感到有精神;look oneself 跟往常一样健康by oneself=on ones own 独自地;独立地 一些常见的包含反身代词的词组一些常见的包含反身代词的词组 指示代词的句法功能指示代词的句法功能:作主语、宾语、介词宾语作主语、宾语、介词宾语:4.指
21、示代词指示代词:指示代词的特殊指代功能：指示代词的特殊指代功能：1.介绍别人时要用介绍别人时要用 this is;This is Miss Li.This is Tom 2.this 常指常指下文中要下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that 则指则指上文中提到过的人上文中提到过的人/事物事物有承上的作用。有承上的作用。this,these 一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that,those 常指时间或空间较远的人或物。常指时间或空间较远的人或物。I want to tell you this:The party will be pu
22、t off.He hurt his leg yesterday.Thats why he didnt come.1 This is the best way to do learn English.2 I like this better than that.3 I dont want to talk about that.4.若用于指代与前面提及的同类事物若用于指代与前面提及的同类事物,若该若该n的修饰语在的修饰语在 后后,则多用则多用that(单数单数n和不可数和不可数n),those(复数复数n);The traffic on Humin Road is heavier than tha
23、t on Guilin R.The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Shanghai.The book on the desk is as new as the one/that on the shelf.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.3.打电话时打电话时“你你”“我我”不用不用“you”“I”而要用而要用 that,this,A:Who is that?B:This is Lily speaking.5.that和those可作定语从句的先行词可作定语从句的先行词,th
24、ose常用来指人常用来指人 We are looking for those who sing and dance well.Those who always work hard are sure to succeed.指示代词还可作限定词指示代词还可作限定词:That boy is Bob.These trees are ours.this morning/afternoon/evening/week/month/Wednesday/autumn/year/term this time,this way5.相互代词相互代词each other,one another each other指两
25、个人指两个人/物之间物之间,one another指多个之间指多个之间,但但 each other 常用来代替常用来代替 one another相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语 相互代词可加相互代词可加-s构成所有格，例如：构成所有格，例如：People should care about and help each other/one another.We write to each other.Trees can communicate with each other.Ann and Jane often share snacks with each other
26、 Although theyve talked for five hours,they dont know each others names.6.疑问代词疑问代词:指人指人:who,whom,whose;指物指物:what;指人指人/物物:which1)疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,位于谓语位于谓语动词之前动词之前,没有性和数的变化没有性和数的变化,除除who之外也没有格的之外也没有格的变化。变化。who问姓名问姓名/关系关系,what 问职业问职业 等等2)whom是who的宾格宾格,作动词宾语或介词宾语作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口在口 语中可
27、用语中可用who代替代替,但在介词后只能用但在介词后只能用whom,例如：例如：Who(m)did you meet on the street?（作动词宾语）（作动词宾语）Who(m)will you give the book to?（介宾（介宾,置句首）置句首）To whom did you speak just now?3)which指一定范围内一定范围内,而what,who 则无范围限制无范围限制 Which do you like best?What/Who do you like best?4)what,which,whose 还可作限定词还可作限定词。What books do
28、 you like reading?Which books are yours?Whose book is this?就划线部分提问就划线部分提问1.The man with long hair is an artist2.The man has long hair3.The car over there is mine.4.My car is over there.5.Sally gave John a card yesterday.6.It is August 1st.7.It is Tuesday.8.It is foggy today.Who is an artist?Which ma
29、n is an artist?What is the man with long hair?What is yours?Which car is yours?Whose is the car over there?Whose car is over there?What is over there?Where is your car Who gave John a car yesterday?Whom did Sally give a card to yesterday?What did Sally give John yesterday?Who has long hair?What does
30、 the man look like?9.There are about 1,800,000 people in Shanghai?10.The trousers are 489 dollars.11.Kenny is tall and strong,clever and friendly and good at sports and playing the guitar.12.Yao Ming is 226 centimetres.13.He weighs 75 kilos14.My handbag is white.How many people are there in Shanghai
31、?What is the population of Shanghai?What does Kenny look like?How is Kenny?What do you think of Kenny?=How do you like Kenny?What is Kenny like?How tall is Yao Ming?Whats Yao Mings height?How much does he weigh?How heavy is he?Whats his weight?How much are the trousers?What is the price of the trous
32、ers?What color is your handbag?*7.关系代词关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括 who,whom,which,whose,that,as.用于指人用于指人:who whom,that;用于指物用于指物:which和that,whose 既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物;as 指代整个一句话指代整个一句话1.who,which和和 that用作主语用作主语,He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Beijing
33、.2.whom,which,that用作宾语用作宾语,The man(whom/that)you saw is a famous actor.Is this the book(which/that)you bought last week?3.whose用作定语用作定语,如：如：He is the man whose car was stolen last week.This is the car whose windows were broken.4.as 用作主语用作主语/宾语宾语 As we all know=as is known to us all,the earth is roun
34、d.主要有：主要有：由some,any,no和every构成合成代词，something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,=someone,anybody-anyone,nobody=no one,everybody=everyone,还有all,none any,each,every one,both,either,neither,one,ones,a few,few,many,a little,little,much,another,the other,others,the others,some,any,no等。8、不定代词、不定代词1).som
35、ething,anything,nothing,everything,Something is wrong with my watch.Is there anything important in todays newspaper?Would you give me something to drink?不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）只能作定语）2)somebody=someone,某人
36、某人 anybody=anyone,任何人任何人 nobody=no one,没有人没有人 everybody=everyone 每个人每个人 every one of=each one of 某些人某些人/物中的每一个物中的每一个 none of (+复数复数/不可数不可数 n)某些人某些人/物中没有一个物中没有一个 nothing but sth=only sth,nobody but=only sb只有某人只有某人One shouldnt judge a person by his/her appearance or what he/she wears.There is nothing=
37、not anything in the room.You can ask me for anything if you need.Everything is ready,isnt?There is nothing but a chair in the room.Nobody but Wendy knows the secret.Somebody is calling you downstairs.Nobody entered the teachers office,do they?Anybody will help you when youre in trouble.How many pear
38、s are there on the tree?None.How much milk is there in the glass?None.None of the students solved the math problem,did they?3).one,ones,若被指代的若被指代的n的修饰语在后面，则代词多用的修饰语在后面，则代词多用that(单数单数n)和和 those(复数复数n);若此名词为不可数名词若此名词为不可数名词,则只能用则只能用that.The air in the country is fresher than that in the city.The light
39、outside is brighter than that in the room.Your dress is better than that/the one in the shop.Her shoes are similar to the ones/those I had yesterday.The windows of my room are as big as the ones/those of his.指代与上文中提到的指代与上文中提到的n 同类中的一个同类中的一个/一些一些,单数为单数为one,复数为复数为ones.one(s)可带形容词修饰语或限定词可带形容词修饰语或限定词:a/
40、an,the,some,any,next,this,that,which和定语从句和定语从句.The bus has gone,you have to wait for the next one.Is this hat the one you bought in France?The blue vase is twice as expensive as the white one.Your Mp3 is nice,I will buy one at weekends.These apples are too small,do you have any bigger ones?1.Kellys
41、right eye is green,its _ eye is blue.2.I am still hungry,can I have _cake?3.Do you mind showing me some _ pears,these are too small.4.There is only one glove,where is _?5.We need _ five days to finish the work.6.Therere many people in the park,some are flying kites some are taking a walk and _ are s
42、itting on the grass.7.Two boys and one girl in our class come from Taiwan,_are from Shanghai.other the other onethe others/the restothersanother other another4.another(+单数单数/数字数字+复数复数),又一个又一个/几个几个(泛指泛指)the other两者中的另一个两者中的另一个(前面一般有前面一般有 two,twins,eyes,ears,hands,gloves,the street,parents等暗含等暗含2 的的n)
43、others(=other+复数复数),其他的其他的;别的别的,(泛指泛指),多与多与some 搭配搭配 the others(=other+复数复数=the rest),其他的其他的;剩余的剩余的,(特指特指)与前面提到的部分相加等于全部与前面提到的部分相加等于全部,多与数字多与数字 搭配搭配 some(+复数复数n/不可数不可数n,(肯定句,或建议请求),any(+复数复数n/不可数不可数n)一些（否定句，疑问句）no复数(+单/复数n/不可数n)没有=not any/not a both+复数（两者都复数（两者都)=both of+复数 neither +单数（两者都不）单数（两者都不）
44、=of+复数复数 either+单数（两者中的任何一个）单数（两者中的任何一个）all+复数复数n/不可数不可数n（三个或三个以上都（三个或三个以上都/所有都）所有都）none of+复数（三个或三个以上都）复数（三个或三个以上都）any+单数单数（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）each+单数单数=each of+pl(多个中的每一个多个中的每一个,强调个体与个性）强调个体与个性）every+单数单数（多个中的每一个（多个中的每一个,强调整体与统一性）强调整体与统一性）Therere tall trees on each/every side of the squa
45、re.He has five sons,but none of them lives with him.Which would you like,tea or coffee?Either.(Neither,-)There _ no_,Which of you would like to buy some?a little(+不可数不可数n)=a bit of(milk),(肯定句肯定句,一点点一点点)very little(+不可数不可数n)很少很少;only a little 仅一点点little(+不可数不可数n)(否定，几乎没有否定，几乎没有)many(+复数复数n)很多很多(既用于否定
46、句既用于否定句,也用于肯定句也用于肯定句)much(+不可数不可数n)很多很多(既用于否定句既用于否定句,也用于肯定句也用于肯定句)a few(+复数n)几个=several/a couple of few(+复数复数n)几乎没有几乎没有（用于否定句（用于否定句)quite a few+复数n,相当多的;very few;only a few We have many classes and have to do too much homework every day,so each of us feel tired.She can speak little English,just a few simple words.He is a man of few words,so he has few friends She got quite a few presents but little pleasure from it.Every student has a set of text books.Each student has his/her own English name.
