1、VOCABULARY词汇until prep.直到直到until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直一直到到为止为止”或或“在在以前以前”。1,在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：表示持续到某一时刻：Ill wait here until 8.我会在这里等到我会在这里等到8点钟。点钟。until prep.直到直到2,在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示，表示“到到为止为止”、“直到直到才才”：She cannot arrive unt
2、il 6.她到她到6点才能来点才能来until prep.直到直到until（后的从句）的时间终止之前（后的从句）的时间终止之前,动作做了前面的动作做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句用否定主句用肯定；没做前面的主句用否定I stay in bed until twelve oclock.(因为呆在床上这个动作做了，所以用肯定)I didnt get up until 12 oclock.因为12点之前起床这个动作没做，用否定）outside adv.外面（作状语）外面（作状语）He is waiting for me outside.It is cold outside.repeat v.重
3、复重复vt.重复重复Will you repeat the last word?They are repeating that wonderful play.vi.重做，重说重做，重说Please repeat after me.Dont repeat.aunt n.aunt n.姑姑,姨姨,婶婶,舅妈舅妈所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼男性则是男性则是uncle:叔父，伯父，姨丈叔父，伯父，姨丈 他们的孩子：他们的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹堂兄妹(不分男女不分男女)cousin的孩子：的孩子：nephew 外甥外甥niece 外甥女外甥女RING vvi.vi.（铃铛
4、）响The telephone rings.RING v翻译练习：孩子们正等着铃铛响呢！(wait for(wait for）The children are _.答案：Waiting for the bell to ring.RING v2.2.vt.鸣，鸣，(铃、电话等铃、电话等)响响(这种响是刺耳的这种响是刺耳的,往往是提醒人做某事往往是提醒人做某事)Every morning the clock rings at 6.The telephone(door bell)is ringing.而风铃等响要用而风铃等响要用jingle，jingle(bell)(铃儿铃儿)响叮当响叮当RING
5、v3.3.给某人打电话Rings sb(up):Just ring me(up)if you have a question.Give sb a ring:So give me a ring before you come,OK?RING vRing(sb.)back（回电话）:It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later.Ring off(挂电话）:I think I have to ring off now.RING n1.1.戒指，环状物Since a circle has no beginning or end,th
6、e wedding ring is accepted as a symbol of eternal love.RING n2.2.拳击场，斗兽场The only way out of the ring is often on a stretcher（担架）.During a bullfight(斗牛）,a drunk（醉汉）suddenly wandered（闯入)into the middle of the ring.作文替换词：be ringed with/by替换surrounded,besiegedsurrounded,besieged等等，表示被环绕/包围The garden was
7、 ringed with fence（栅栏）.Her eyes were ringed with stiff（不自然的）black lashes（睫毛）.作文替换词：be ringed with/by翻译练习:这个地区已经被装甲车（armed vehicles）被包围了。（NPR）The area has been ringed with/by armed vehicles.这个院子被篱笆给围起来了。The yard has been ringed by a wooden fence.LANGUAGEPOINTSIt was Sunday.it it 指时间，天气，温度或距离，it it 被称
8、为“虚主语”。作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it it 可以指 件东西，一件事情或用来指什么人It is a lovely baby.It is a lovely baby.Who is it?Who is it?(有人敲门时）It的各种指代文章中的It并不总是表达“它”的意思It引导时间：It was Sunday.Its one oclock!It表示天气：It was dark outside.Its raining again.It表示“人”：It was my aunt Lucy.It的各种指代翻译练习：那是一个黑暗的星期五。It was a dark Friday.外面的人是谁？Wh
9、o is it outside?今天天不错。It is a nice day today.I never get up early on Sundayson Sundays所有的星期天所有的星期天,每逢星期天每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。经常性的行为。介词介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day当使用当使用last，next，this，that时，介词（以及定冠词时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：）必须省略：Ill see you next/thi
10、s Friday.I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.in bed:in bed:在床上。In hospitalIn hospital：住院In the hospitalIn the hospital：在医院I looked out of the window.Look out:Look out:1)1)向外看When I looked out of the window,I saw a bird.2 2）小心look out for:look out for:The agency is asking residents to look out f
11、or suspicious(可疑的）vehicles I looked out of the window.-Look out!-Ouch!-Why did you still look out of the window when I yelled Look out!-I thought you wanted me to look out rather than look out for what you were going to throw out of the window!I am coming to see you.Be doing有的时候可以表示将来发生的动作。它表示根据计划或者
12、安排最近要进行的事情。不过，这仅仅限于从一个状态或位置转移到另外一个状态或者位置上去的词，比如go,come,leave,start等等。I am coming to see you.翻译练习他们明天要去香港（go to)。They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.我明天将飞往法兰克福(fly to)。I am flying to Frankfurt tomorrow.Ive just arrived by trainby 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词,复数)；注意：注意：如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：My aunt left by the
13、9:15 train.Dear me!天哪天哪!英国人说英国人说:Dear me!My dear!美国人说美国人说:My god!My godness!Questions1,Does the writer always get up early on Sundays,or does he always get up late?2,Did he get up early last Sunday,or did he get up late?3,Who telephoned then?4,Had she just arrived by train,or had she come on foot?5,
14、Was she come to see him or not?6,Did he say,Im still haveing breakfast,or did he say,I am still in bed?7,Was his aunt very surprised or not?8,What was the time?KEY STRUCTURE一般现在时：概述表示经常发生的习惯性动作或者目前所处的状态，例如：I go to school at 8 oclock every morning.He lives in a big house.一般现在时：概述还要注意“第三人称单数”，也就是如果谓语动
15、词的主语是第三人称单数，动词后面就要加上s s或者eses。He lives in a big house.一般现在时：具体用法1 1）表示现在和目前存在的状态，或者没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态，或现阶段反复发生的动作，状态或习惯等等。一般现在时：具体用法简而言之，就是“现在的一般情况”一般现在时：具体用法出现下列副词（短语）包括但不限于：usually,often,always,sometimes,seldom,regularly,occasionally,every day(night,week,month,year),once a month,twice a year可以考虑一般现在时
16、一般现在时：具体用法I often visit my teachers.The moon moves around the earth.一般现在时：具体用法2）某些表示起始的动词，可以用一般现在时表示按照规定，计划或者安排要发生的动作。这些动词在一般现在时的句子中表示将来肯定会发生的动作。一般现在时：具体用法这样的动词包括但不限于：be,come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,finish,continue,start。例如：The plane leaves at three sharp.The new teachers arrive tomorrow.一般现在时：具体用
17、法3）在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引导时间状语从句或者条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时一般现在时：具体用法I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.I will not go to the countryside if it rains tomorrow.一般现在时：具体用法4）由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引导的从句中一般也使用一般现在
18、时来替代一般将来时Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.一般现在时：具体用法5）一般现在时还可以用在戏剧，电影的剧本和体育比赛以及图片的解说中，如：Tom carries the ball to the left.现在进行时现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与now，just，still等副词连用：I am working as a teacher.现阶段He is still sleeping.（现在还在睡觉）Jane is just dressing up.简正在打
19、扮ExerciseP17 A频率副词在看到表示现在和目前存在的状态，又看到这些表示频率的副词的时候，我们经常会使用一般现在时：频率副词usually,often,always,sometimes,seldom,regularly,occasionally,every day(night,week,month,year);once a month,twice a year频率副词注意：这些频率副词放在谓语动词前且主语之后Exercise:P18 BSPECIALDIFFICULTIES感叹句：翻译练习我长得可真帅！What a handsome man I am!How handsome a m
20、an I am!How handsome I am!感叹句：翻译练习雨下的真大！How heavily it is raining!How heavy the rain is!What a heavy rain it is!感叹句：翻译练习感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如：What a fine day!How wonderful!Exercise:P18 Special difficultsExerciseP19 Homework1,完成练习册LESSON 22,P16 Summary writing,answer these questions(P17)in not more than 50 words.
