1、高三英语阅读理解专题系列高三英语阅读理解专题系列-如何进行词义猜测如何进行词义猜测1.词义猜测型词义猜测型2.判断推理型判断推理型3.事实细节型事实细节型.4.主旨大意型主旨大意型阅读理解的高考命题题型阅读理解的高考命题题型(details)(judgement)(word guessing)(main idea)(1)Accordingtotheauthor,theword“”means_.(2)Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto?(3)Theterm.inparagraphcanbebestreplacedby.(4)Whatsthemeanin
2、gofinlineofparagraph.?(5)Asusedintheline,thewordrefersto_.词义猜测的常见题型词义猜测的常见题型猜测词义的猜测词义的基本方法和技巧基本方法和技巧一一.构词法构词法1.派生词派生词2.合成词合成词3.转化词转化词 1.irregular 9.popularity 2.enable 10.activist 3.rewrite 11.mathematical 4.internet 12.supposedly 5.gifted 13.politically 6.readable 14.unconditional 7.memorial 15.non
3、existent 8.spacious 16.unshakeable?1.irregular 9.popularity 2.enable 10.activist 3.rewrite 11.mathematical 4.internet 12.supposedly 5.gifted 13.politically 6.readable 14.unconditional 7.memorial 15.nonexistent 8.spacious 16.unshakeable 1.irregular 2.enable 3.rewrite 4.internet 5.gifted 6.readable 7.
4、memorial 8.spacious 不不规律规律（则）的（则）的动词，使能够动词，使能够再写，重写，改写再写，重写，改写有天赋的有天赋的易读的易读的n.纪念碑（章）纪念碑（章）;adj.纪念的纪念的宽敞的，宽广的宽敞的，宽广的互联网（在之间）互联网（在之间）n.纪念碑（章）纪念碑（章）;adj.纪念的纪念的宽敞的，宽广的宽敞的，宽广的 9.popularity 10.activist 11.mathematical 12.supposedly 13.politically 14.unconditional 15.nonexistent 16.unshakeable 不可改变的，坚定不可改变
5、的，坚定不移的不移的名词：普及，流行名词：普及，流行名词：积极分子名词：积极分子数学的数学的副词：大概，可能，据认为副词：大概，可能，据认为无条件的无条件的没有的，不存在的没有的，不存在的副词：政治上副词：政治上1.Our soldiers won a decisive victory in the battle.2.That country is underdeveloped and the living conditions are rather low.3.Colourful wall-paper would brighten （up）the room.4.Dr.Li is patien
6、t with his patients.决定性的决定性的欠（不）发达的欠（不）发达的使发光（发亮）使发光（发亮）（）耐心的；（）病人（）耐心的；（）病人5.Tim and his neighbours are doing something to make their neighborhood a trouble-free area.A.喧哗的喧哗的 B.令人麻烦的令人麻烦的 C.自由的自由的 D.安宁的安宁的D6.However,most of our ideas about the futures are really very short-sighted,perhaps we can s
7、ee some possibilities for the next fifty years.But the next hundred?the next thousand?(NMET2001)目光短浅的目光短浅的友情提示友情提示:词根是单词最基本的部分词根是单词最基本的部分.只要我们掌握各种词根只要我们掌握各种词根,词头词头,词尾的词尾的 基本含义基本含义,那么我们就很容易那么我们就很容易 记词记词,猜词猜词,把握把握新词新词For example:super/inter/pre non/dis/im/un/ir/mis ness/ment/hood/ist able/ous/al/ful/i
8、ve/y/ly 二二.根据经验和常识根据经验和常识1.The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.2.Mark got on the motorbike.I sat behind him on the pillion and we roared off into the night hurriedly.横梁，门框横梁，门框摩托车后座摩托车后座 Theunderlinedword“family”means:A.home B.children C.wife and husband D.wife and childrenw.The fir
9、e started on Sunday morning win the house of the Kings baker.wThe baker,with his wife and family,wasw able to get out through a window w in the roof.(2002MET)B1.My car is worth less today than it was five years ago.It has depreciated in value2.It was futile trying to explain it to him.It was useless
10、 to keep talking to him about it.三三.根据上下文的同义关系推测根据上下文的同义关系推测 贬值贬值 无用的无用的1.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.2.In summer the weather here is very hot,sometimes it causes a long dry period,in other words,drought.四四.通过定义解释来猜测通过定义解释来猜测动物学家动物学家久旱，干燥久旱，干燥3.Nearby is the race
11、course,where the towns most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.A.B.c.D.过程过程课程课程航向航向跑道跑道D4.According to a report published on the British medical magazine,The Lancet,a study of 10 German mobile phone users found that when they turned on their phones,their blood pressure goes up.(2003MET)Th
12、is word“The lancet”is most probably_ A.the name of a magazine B.the name of a person C.the name of the hospital D.the title of a medical report A友情提示友情提示:定义的解释形式多样定义的解释形式多样,常用常用等来表示等来表示.Is,or,thatis(tosay),becalled,inotherwords,名词作同位语名词作同位语,非限制定语从句非限制定语从句或破折号或破折号1.In each Olympic Games,medals of gol
13、d,silver and bronze can all be awarded.五五.通过同类关系通过同类关系铜铜 2.You can select any of the periodicals to read:Reader,The English coaching paper,China Daily.In this paragraph“periodicals”means:A.books B.magazines C.note books D.novels.B3.Although the hazards of the trip were many-for example,the unbearabl
14、e heat,the lack of water,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.A)pleasuresB)conveniencesC)dangersD)equipmentC友情提示友情提示:同类关系通常由同类关系通常由:等连词列举同类词汇来体现等连词列举同类词汇来体现 冒号冒号Suchas,like,forexample,forinstance六六.根据上下文的反义关系根
15、据上下文的反义关系1.In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid,and the summers hot and dry.潮湿的潮湿的2.The big farms are getting bigger while the small ones are slowly dwindling.缩小缩小七七.运用语境进行比较对照运用语境进行比较对照1.Today people are moving out of small villages.This movement from rural areas to urba
16、n areas has been going on for over two hundred years.A.城市城市 B.首都首都 C.小镇小镇 D.农村农村Which one is the best meaningA2.Folded fans were introduced to China from Japan and Koreaabout 1,000 years ago.They were made from fine paper mounted on bamboo(竹子)粘贴粘贴We must pay more attention to1.要注意较大的泛读量要注意较大的泛读量,掌握掌
17、握较多的课外词汇。较多的课外词汇。2.阅读是一场阅读是一场心理语言的猜谜游戏心理语言的猜谜游戏.在阅在阅读过程中要调动各种手段读过程中要调动各种手段,获取语言信息获取语言信息.3.要结合上下文的语境，要结合上下文的语境，“顺藤摸瓜顺藤摸瓜”运用各种猜词方法确定词义。运用各种猜词方法确定词义。Practice1.He enlargedhisvocabularybyessentialreading.()2.Asweallknow,whenascientistmisuseshiswisdom,hewilldogreatharmtomanandsociety.()()()3.Nancywantedth
18、ebarbertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.扩大扩大误用误用智慧智慧剪短剪短4.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.()5.Whenyouthrowalittlestoneintoastillpond,youwillseearipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.()6.Mostoftheflowersarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecoldanddryweather.()徒劳的，无
19、效的徒劳的，无效的涟漪涟漪枯萎枯萎7.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththecold.()8.Thefootballgamewasgettingmoreandmoreexciting,however,theoldmanwasstillas dozy asheusuallywas.()9.Sheeparenot carnivorousbutwolves,foxes,tigers,lionsareallflesh-eatinganimals.()哆嗦，颤抖哆嗦，颤抖昏昏欲睡的，睡意浓的昏昏欲睡的，睡意浓的食肉的食肉的10.Iama resoluteman,
20、thatis,onceIsetupagoal,Iwontgiveitup.()11.Johnbecamean orphan,whohadlostbothofhisparentsbydeath.()12.Itrainedheavily.Thatswhythefootballmatchwas postponed.()13.Tomislazywhilehisbrotherisindustrious.()有决心的有决心的孤儿孤儿推迟推迟勤奋的勤奋的14.Johnsmokedoneofhisfatherscigarsandnowheissick.He made his bed,now let him l
21、ie in it.A.自作自受自作自受B.卧病在床卧病在床C.祸不单行祸不单行D.不省人事不省人事15.Assoonasaboyreachestheageoftwenty-one,heoughttobeabletostand on his own legs.A.自爱自爱B.自尊自尊C.自立自立D.自强自强AC特别提醒特别提醒：对于整篇阅读理解的解题思路对于整篇阅读理解的解题思路大概有三种技巧大概有三种技巧顺读法：通读全文阅读问题重点顺读法：通读全文阅读问题重点查看查看这种阅读法适合于大多数文章特这种阅读法适合于大多数文章特别是篇章不算很长，问题又不算少的题，别是篇章不算很长，问题又不算少的题，
22、具体应先通读全文，理解大意，把握重点具体应先通读全文，理解大意，把握重点信息，段落大意和中心思想然后阅读问信息，段落大意和中心思想然后阅读问题和选项，最后带着问题重点查看，有针题和选项，最后带着问题重点查看，有针对性的进行核实这种方法的好处是：既对性的进行核实这种方法的好处是：既快又稳，不易遗漏某些信息，使考生能紧快又稳，不易遗漏某些信息，使考生能紧扣中心思想，避免偏差扣中心思想，避免偏差2.逆读法：阅读题干通读全文细看选项逆读法：阅读题干通读全文细看选项重点查看重点查看这种方法适合长篇文章，因为这种方法适合长篇文章，因为文章过长，里面往往有很多多余信息若先文章过长，里面往往有很多多余信息若先读问题，我们就知道那些信息与问题有关，读问题，我们就知道那些信息与问题有关，那些无关，是阅读具有针对性，遇到重要的那些无关，是阅读具有针对性，遇到重要的地方要细致些，对于多余信息可以跳过，加地方要细致些，对于多余信息可以跳过，加快阅读解题速度快阅读解题速度跳读法：浏览小标题阅读题干跳读法：浏览小标题阅读题干带着问题阅读的方法带着问题阅读的方法这种方法对于图这种方法对于图表类文章或者附有小标题的长篇文章较表类文章或者附有小标题的长篇文章较适用适用
