1、Book 8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsA Visit to the Zhoukoudian Caves第一篇课文逐段分析1222022-11-71show sb around领着某人参观 Let me show you around.我带你转转吧.Shall I show you around the factory?我带你去参观工厂,好吗?2.Its a pleasure to do sth.高兴做某事 Its a pleasure=My pleasure.不客气 Thank you for helping me.Its a pleasure/My plea
2、sure.with pleasure十分愿意。常用于回答，could I？could you？相当于certainly Would you take this along to the office for me?With pleasure.32022-11-73.be aware that清楚知道 that引导宾语从句,be aware of意识到,知道,后常接名词或动词ing 形式.其名词形式是awareness“意识”They should be aware of their rights.他们应该知道他们的权利。He is aware that he may not be able t
3、o solve this puzzle.他意识到可能不会有办法解开这个谜了。42022-11-74.have been doing 是现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，并且很可能持续下去 其结构为have/has been doing It has been raining for 3 days.过去完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去某一时刻，当时还可能在持续并有可能继续持续下去 其结构为had been doing They said they had been having a friendly match with our national team.520
4、22-11-762022-11-75.情态动词+have+done的用法讲解 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。二、“cant+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。Mr.Smith cant have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过
5、他。三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？”。There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone?到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。He could have passed the exam,but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。Wh
6、at has happened to George?I dont know.He may have got lost.乔治发生了什么事？我不知道，他可能迷路了。六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。She might have achieved greater progress,if you had given her more chances.如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。72022-11-7七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。1.I w
7、ould have told you all about the boys story,but you didnt ask me.我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。2.Without your help,I wouldnt have achieved so much.没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”“shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。1.Tom,you are too lazy.The work should have been f
8、inished yesterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。2.Look,Tom is crying.I shouldnt have been so harsh on him.看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。九、“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。I ought to have gone home last Sunday.我理应上星期日回家。You ought not to have given him more help.你不应该帮助他那么多。十
9、、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednt+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came.我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。He need have hurried to the station.In that case,be wouldnt have missed the train.他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。82022-11-792022-11-76.scareaway把吓跑 The dog scared th
10、e thief away.scare sb into doing sth.恐吓某人做 be scared to do sth/of doing sth.不敢做某事 be scared to death.吓得要死 7.gosh int.（非正式，表惊讶）天哪；上帝 Gosh,the rain is so heavy!天哪，雨太大了！8.goodness n.善良，美德；仁慈，慷慨；精华，养分 int.（表示吃惊或愤怒）天哪；上帝的替代语the essential goodness of human nature 人性善良的本质 These vegetables have had all the
11、goodness boiled out of them.这些蔬菜的营养都被煮掉了。Goodness,what a big balloon!啊，好大的气球呀！102022-11-7112022-11-79.amount n.数量，金额 常用于an amount of,a large/great amount of,amounts of结构中,只能修饰不可数名词,意思是“很多的,大量的”其中amounts of修饰名词,谓语动词用复数 a large amount of修饰名词,谓语动词用单数 A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.=Lar
12、ge amounts of money were spent on the bridge.the amount of，的数量 So,the problem is not my job or the amount of work,but rather how I handle it.所以，问题不在我的工作或者工作的数量，而在于我是如何处理的。122022-11-7132022-11-710.preserve vt.保护,保持,保存,保藏n.保护区；禁猎地；You can preserve meat or fish in salt.你可以在盐里保存肉或鱼 nature preserve自然保护区
13、preserve the peace 保持和平 preserver n.保护人,维护者 preservative.n.防腐剂保护剂adj.防腐的；有保存力的；有保护性的复数 preservatives preservation n.保护,维护,保留142022-11-7152022-11-711.reasonable adj合理的，公道的；通情达理的 What he says is very reasonable.他说的话很合理。We sell good quality food at reasonable prices.我们以公道的价格出售优质食品。reason理由；理性；动机vi.推论；劝说 vt.说服；推论；辩论 Id like to know the reason why youre so late.我想知道你为什么迟到那么长时间。Only human beings are capable of reason.只有人类才有理性思考的能力。She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.她断定准是把包落在火车上了。the human ability to reason 人的思考能力 162022-11-7
