1、Discoving Useful Structures P52 Unit 4 Natural Disasters He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.He is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.He is a popular singer.His song is popular among young people.Leading-inAll is well that ends well.结局好结局好,一切都好。一切都好。He who laughs last lau
2、ghs best.Restrictive relative clauses 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.Th
3、e supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.Presentation Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.What function do the restrictive relative clauses
4、have?Find more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.1.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.2.the army sent 150,000 soldiers toTangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.3.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes ha
5、d been destroyed.Find more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.何为定语？定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。定语的位置 定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。一般不定代词、形容词、名词、数词、量词、形容性代词、冠词等作为前置定语前置定语，而过去分词、不定式、形容词短语、介词短语、定
6、语从句等一般作为后置定语后置定语。一一.定义定义：在复合句中修饰在复合句中修饰名词或代词名词或代词（主、宾、主、宾、表表）的从句）的从句二二.先行词先行词：被修饰的名词、代词或整句话被修饰的名词、代词或整句话关系词关系词(关联词/连接词)定语从句的相关概念定语从句的相关概念There was an earthquake which happenedin Tangshan in 1976.关系词处在先行词和定语从句之间关系词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着起着连接主从句连接主从句,并并代替代替先行词在从句中充当先行词在从句中充当主语主语或或宾语宾语。三三.定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句一般放
7、在被修饰成分之后，一般情况下都紧跟着先行词。e.g.This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句Do you know the man who spoke just now?Do you know the man?He spoke just now.I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.I showed him the letter(which)I received this morning.I have read the newspaper.It
8、 carries the important news.I showed him the letter.I received it this morning.四、四、引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词 that 即指即指人人又指又指物物,作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。which 指物指物,作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。who,whom 指人指人,who 作主语、宾语；作主语、宾语；whom作宾语。作宾语。that,which,whom 在关系从句中作宾语时在关系从句中作宾语时,可省可省略。略。whose 即指即指人人又指又指物物,作定语。作定语。that which who whom w
9、hose1.that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。1)A plane is a machine that can fly.(主语主语)2)The noodles that I cooked were delicious.(宾语宾语)3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.(主语主语)4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.(宾语宾语)1)The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is
10、 from Canada.1)They planted the trees which didnt need much water.(主语主语)2)The fish which we bought were not fresh.(宾语宾语)(主语主语)2.2.which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。3.who,whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中口语中who也可作宾语也可作宾语)。2)The boy who broke the window is called Michael.(主语主语)3)The person to whom you
11、just talked is Mr.Li.(宾语宾语)4)Mr.Read is the professor to whom you should write.(宾语宾语)4.whose在从句中在从句中作作定定语语，指人或物。，指人或物。1)This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.2)This is the book whose cover is blue.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下,一般只用that而不用which。1.1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,
12、something,anything,none,little,much,few 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book(that)he has read.4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.2.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,an
13、y,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.6.当主句是以当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句开头的特殊疑问句时。时。Who is the person that you have met just now?7.主句以主句以there be 引导且关系词在从句中作主语。引导且关系词在从句中作主语。时。时。There are more than 400,000 people _that_ died or were injured in the earthquake.5.当先行词既指人又指物时。当先行词既指
14、人又指物时。She told me the persons and things that she had heard of.(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾介词作宾语（介词提前）。语（介词提前）。There are many trees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.2、只用、只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_ is a very popular game,is played
15、 all over the world.under whichon whichwhich二、二、只用只用who的情况的情况One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.whowhowhowho先行词是先行词是one,ones,an
16、yone,those时用时用who.定语从句解题四步：第一步,找出先行词；第二步,找出定语从句；第三步,看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（主语、宾语）；第四步,选择合适的关系词。2)The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3)The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,
17、whom,or“/”.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.1)Here are some of the people _homes were destroyed by the typhoon.whosewhothat这里一些人的房子被台风摧毁了。剧烈震动的建筑物使所有熟睡的人都惊醒了。第二天，人们在户外用他们能找到的任何东西搭起了庇护所。5)The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.4)Several days later,most of
18、 the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.that几天后，大部分被飓风毁坏的建筑物都修复了。whose那个受伤男孩的母亲在灾难中丧生，他被送去了医院。6)The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.whom这名妇女给救助她的士兵写了一封感谢信。7)Is this the young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?who这就是
19、把几个困在建筑物下面的学生解救出来的男孩吧？1.看一看那个名叫露丝的女士。2.准备去公园的人呆在这儿。3.那是我所有的钱。4.他是我非常喜欢的老师。5.他们谈了大约一个小时关于他们在学校记得的人 和事。Look at that lady whose name is Rose.Those who will go to the park stay here.That was all the money that I had.He is a teacher who(whom)I like very much.They talked for about an hour of things and pe
20、rsons that they remembered in the school.翻译句子翻译句子Work with a partner.Take turns to ask each other about the pictures.Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that,which,who,whose,or whom.EXAMPLEA:Whats the rescue worker doing?B:Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.Production总结：关系代词的用法总结：关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略
