1、(四四)形容词和副词形容词和副词 一、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序一、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 限定词限定词(these，those.)数量形容词数量形容词(three)描绘性形容词描绘性形容词 (beautiful)大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large，long，high)新旧新旧(old)颜色颜色(red)国籍国籍(Chinese)材料材料 (wood)用途用途(writing)被修饰名词被修饰名词(desk)。a beautiful white Japanese military jeep二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况
2、1.当形容词修饰不定代词当形容词修饰不定代词one，no，any，some和和every构成的复合构成的复合 词，如：词，如：something，anything，nothing时。时。I have something important to tell you.2.当当“形容词介词短语形容词介词短语/不定式不定式”构成的短语作定语时。构成的短语作定语时。The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer.3.当两个意义相反的形容词用当两个意义相反的形容词用“both.and.”；and；or或或but连接连接 在一起作定语时。在一起
3、作定语时。The students were required to see a film both interesting and instructive.4.当当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。等词附有数量词短语作定语时。The peasants dug a well about_fifty_metres_deep.三、表语形容词三、表语形容词有些形容词只作表语，通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：有些形容词只作表语，通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，
4、afloat，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。等。The old man was alone in the house.【注注】上述形容词可以作补语。上述形容词可以作补语。We found the snake still alive.alive，alone，awake等可以用作后置定语。等可以用作后置定语。He is the greatest poet alive.以以a开头的表语形容词大多不可直接用开头的表语形容词大多不可直接用very来修饰。来修饰。sound/fast asleep熟睡的熟睡的 wide awake十分清醒的十分清醒的四、下列形容词作表语时，主
5、语通常是四、下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事事”而不是而不是“人人”(im)possible，(un)necessary，(im)probable，(in)convenient，如：，如：It is not convenient to work at the weekend.周末工作不便。周末工作不便。五、形容词作状语五、形容词作状语形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。He returned home，safe and sound.构成方法构成方法例词例词副词词干分词副词词干分词newlymade 新建的新建的fastchanging 飞速变化着的飞速变化着的名词词干过去
6、分词名词词干过去分词snowcovered 被雪覆盖的被雪覆盖的名词词干现在分词名词词干现在分词energysaving 节省能源的节省能源的名词词干形容词词干名词词干形容词词干lifelong 终生的终生的数词词干名词词干数词词干名词词干fivestar 五星级的五星级的数词词干名词数词词干名词edfourstoreyed 四层的四层的数词词干名词形容词数词词干名词形容词fiveyearold 5岁的岁的形容词词干过去分词形容词词干过去分词readymade 现成的，预先制成的现成的，预先制成的形容词词干名词形容词词干名词edcoldblooded 冷血的冷血的形容词词干现在分词形容词词干现
7、在分词ordinarylooking 相貌一般的相貌一般的形容词词干形容词词干形容词词干形容词词干redhot 炽热的炽热的六、复合形容词的构成六、复合形容词的构成【注注】复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式。复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式。七、两种形式的副词七、两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀形式是在形容词后加后缀“ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同，应加以分辨。大相同，应加以分辨。close接近接近(指距离指距离)closely仔细地，密切地仔细
8、地，密切地 free免费免费freely自由地，自如地自由地，自如地 deep深深deeply深刻地，深入地深刻地，深入地 hard努力地努力地hardly几乎不几乎不 wide宽阔宽阔widely广泛地广泛地 high高高highly高度地高度地 late晚、迟晚、迟lately近来近来 near邻近邻近nearly几乎几乎 most最最mostly主要地；绝大多数地主要地；绝大多数地 easy从容地从容地easily容易地容易地八、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语八、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语 Fortunately，he was not drowned and wa
9、s saved by the PLA men.九、副词九、副词enoughenough的用法的用法1.enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。If I had a long enough holiday，Id visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting places.The driver drove his car carefully enough.2.cannot与与enough连用，表示连用，表示“再再也不为过也不为过”。You cannot be carefu
10、l enough.你再细心也不为过。你再细心也不为过。【注注】enough的这一用法可用的这一用法可用“cannot(can never).too.”句型替换。句型替换。You can never be too careful in the street.(You can never be careful enough in the street.)十、注意下列几句有关形容词、副词的固定搭配十、注意下列几句有关形容词、副词的固定搭配 Hes dead/blind drunk.他喝得酩酊大醉。他喝得酩酊大醉。Its raining/snowing heavily.雨雨/雪下得很大。雪下得很大。H
11、es moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily.他吃力地移动他吃力地移动/喘着粗气喘着粗气/酒喝得多酒喝得多/烟抽得多。烟抽得多。十一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级十一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1.表示倍数的三个句型：表示倍数的三个句型：(1).times as形容词原级形容词原级as.This table is 3 times as big as that one.(2).times the性质名词性质名词of.This table is 3 times the size of that one.(3).times形容词比较级形容词比较级than
12、.This table is 2 times bigger than that one.2.同程度级的比较，用同程度级的比较，用as.as，the same as，such.as引导：引导：Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利不如我的书多。亨利不如我的书多。3.the比较级比较级，the比较级比较级 The more you talked，the less attention he paid to you.你说得越多，他越不注意你。你说得越多，他越不注意你。4.比较级比较级and比较级，表示比较级，表示“越来越越来越”The new
13、 city is becoming more and more beautiful.新城变得越来越美丽。新城变得越来越美丽。5.the比较级比较级of the two名词：名词：The taller of the two boys is my brother.这两个男孩中较高的是我弟弟。这两个男孩中较高的是我弟弟。6.用介词用介词by表示相差的程度。表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英尺。她比我高三英尺。7.一个人的两种品质的比较，用一个人的两种品质的比较，用more.than结构：结构：I think shes more sh
14、y than unfriendly.与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。8.否定比较级最高级否定比较级最高级 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。9.比较的对象不能相互包容，注意：比较的对象不能相互包容，注意：The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.密西西比河是
15、美国最长的河。密西西比河是美国最长的河。10.比较级的修饰语常见的有：比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit，three times等。等。The students study even harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。学生们比以前学习更努力了。11.比较的对象应该相同。比较的对象应该相同。The population of China is larger than that of any oth
16、er country in the world.中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。China has a larger population than any other country in the world.12.no比较级比较级than的特殊含义的特殊含义 A is no more careful than B.A和和B两人都不仔细。两人都不仔细。A is no less careful than B.A和和B两人都很仔细。两人都很仔细。过关落实过关落实1.This magazine is very _ with young people，wh
17、o like its content and style.A.familiar B.popular C.similar D.particular 解析：解析：be popular withbe popular with受受欢迎。欢迎。答案：答案：B 2.A new _ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.A.normal B.usual C.regular D.common 解析：解析：regularregular有规律的，固定的。有规律的，固定的。答案：答案：C3.It is not sociall
18、y _ for parents to leave children unattended at that age.A.accessible B.adorable C.adaptable D.acceptable 解析：解析：acceptableacceptable可接受的。可接受的。答案：答案：D 4.After two years research，we now have a _ better understanding of the disease.A.very B.far C.fairly D.quite 解析：解析：far/much/evenfar/much/even等副词常用来修饰比
19、较级。等副词常用来修饰比较级。答案：答案：B5.He began to take political science _ only when he left school.A.strictly B.truly C.carefully D.seriously 解析：解析：seriouslyseriously认真地，严肃地。认真地，严肃地。答案：答案：D 6.The final score of the basketball match was 9394.We were only _ beaten.A.nearly B.slightly C.narrowly D.lightly 解析：解析：be
20、narrowly beatenbe narrowly beaten指比分靠近，指比分靠近，(对方对方)险胜。险胜。答案：答案：C7.Its hard for him playing against me.Ive got nothing to play for，but for him，he needs to win so _.A.far B.well C.little D.badly 解析：解析：badlybadly在本句中意为在本句中意为“非常，很非常，很”。答案：答案：D 8.With April 18s railway speedup，highway and air transport w
21、ill have to compete with _ service for passengers.A.good B.better C.best D.the best 解析：解析：随着四月十八日前火车提速，公路和航空运输将面临更随着四月十八日前火车提速，公路和航空运输将面临更 好好(better service)(better service)的竞争。的竞争。答案：答案：B9.Though he started late，Mr.Guo played the piano as well as，if _，Miss Liu.A.not better than B.not better C.no be
22、tter than D.better 解析：解析：句中完整结构为句中完整结构为if he did not play better than.if he did not play better than.。答案：答案：A 10.Do you need any help，Lucy?Yes.The job is _ I could do myself.A.less than B.more than C.no more than D.not more than 解析：解析：more thanmore than远远超过。远远超过。答案：答案：B11.Were happy that our predict
23、ions should be so accurate，which is _ from expectation.A.away B.free C.far D.empty 解析：解析：far fromfar from意为意为“远非、远远不够远非、远远不够”。答案：答案：C 12._，the girl didnt seem able to do anything right.A.Exhausted B.Exhaustedly C.To be exhausted D.Being exhaustedly 解析：解析：过去分词作状语表动作的被动和完成。过去分词作状语表动作的被动和完成。答案：答案：A13.I
24、f youre free tonight，Id like to invite you to a movie.Thats nice of you，but are you _？A.honest B.careful C.serious D.true 解析：解析：seriousserious指指“严肃的严肃的”。答案：答案：C 14.Excited by the news，Marie lay in bed with her eyes _ open while all her family were _ asleep.A.widely；soundly B.wide；sound C.widely；soun
25、d D.wide；soundly 解析：解析：wide openwide open意为意为“大睁着大睁着”，widewide为副词，为副词，soundsound作副词作副词 时，意为时，意为“深深地、舒畅地深深地、舒畅地”。答案：答案：B15.By looking at a problem in as many ways as possible，creative thinkers can find solutions that would _ remain invisible.A.otherwise B.yet C.already D.forever 解析：解析：otherwiseotherwise与虚拟语气连用，表与虚拟语气连用，表“否则、要不然否则、要不然”。答案：答案：A
