1、Unit 10 MANAGING PEOPLE AND MONEYSkills focusSkills focusReadingReadingrecognizing the writers s t a n c e a n d l e v e l o f confidence or tentativenessinferring implicit ideasWritingWritingwriting situationproblemsolutionevaluation essaysusing direct quotationsCompiling a bibliography/reference l
2、istVocabulary focusVocabulary focusneutral and marked wordsjob titles(management/supervisory)fixed phrases from business managementfixed phrases from academic English10.1 Vocabulary10.2 Reading10.3 Extending skills10.4 Extending skillsA Study the words in box a.10.1 Vocabulary1 Use your dictionary t
3、o find out the meanings.2 What part of speech is each word?WordPart of speechMeaning/synonymadoptcommitmentcorporate empowerenhanceimplementoperationalv(T)start using,take upn(C)an agreement,an obligationadjrelating to a(large)companyv(T)give someone more controlv(T)improvev(T),n(C)(v)put into effec
4、t(n)tooladjrelating to the day-to-day management of a business or other organizationA Study the words in box a.10.1 Vocabulary1 Use your dictionary to find out the meanings.2 What part of speech is each word?WordPart of speechMeaning/synonymperformproductivity strategictacticalv(I,T)1.do something(w
5、ell)2.work or function3.entertain people(e.g.,in a play)n(U)efficiency in terms of how quickly goods are produced or services are providedadjrelating to the long-term needs of an organizationadjrelating to the medium-or short-term needs of an organization1 Use your dictionary or another source to ch
6、eck the meanings of the highlighted phrases.2 Which are the stressed syllables in each phrase?B Read the Hadford University handout.10.1 VocabularySee See Vocabulary Vocabulary bank.bank.Make sure you understand these key phrases from finance.top-down management styleprocess-oriented management styl
7、estrategic decisiontactical decisionoperational decisionbusiness strategybusiness interestslong-termRecognizing fixed phrases from Recognizing fixed phrases from tourism and hospitality studies(3)tourism and hospitality studies(3)Vocabulary bankVocabulary bankMake sure you understand these key phras
8、es from finance.medium-termshort-termhuman resourcesmanagement teamsenior managerline manageremployee involvementRecognizing fixed phrases from Recognizing fixed phrases from tourism and hospitality studies(3)tourism and hospitality studies(3)Vocabulary bankVocabulary bankB Read the Hadford Universi
9、ty handout.10.1 Vocabulary1 Use your dictionary or another source to check the meanings of the highlighted phrases.process-orientedoperating systemsperformance-driventop-downbusiness interestsemployee involvementhuman resourceslong-termfocused on processes,regulations,structuresthe systems(organizat
10、ional structures,rules,etc.)a companyworks byfocused on people delivering resultsdecisions are taken by a management team and handed down to the workersthe interests of a companythe degree to which employees are involved in decision makingthe employees of a companyfocused on results over a longer pe
11、riod of time2 Which are the stressed syllables in each phrase?B Read the Hadford University handout.10.1 Vocabularyprocess-orientedoperating systemsperformance-driventop-downbusiness interestsemployee involvementhuman resourceslong-termOo OoooOooo OooOo OooOOo OooOo oOoOo oOo(BrE)Oo Ooo(AmE)Oo10.1 V
12、ocabularyC Look at the pictures on the opposite page.1 Who are the people in each p i c t u r e?W h a t k i n d o f organization do they work for?2 Describe which role in the organization these people fulfil.These people all work in/for a hotel.1 front office supervisor2 food and beverages manager3
13、executive chef4 financial controller5 executive housekeeper6 maintenance manager10.1 VocabularyC Look at the pictures on the opposite page.3 Indicate where they would be on the organization chart.financial controllerfood and bev managerexecutive chefmaintenance managerexecutive housekeeperfront offi
14、ce supervisor10.1 VocabularyD Study the words in box b.1 Check the meanings,parts of speech and stress patterns.2 Put the words into the correct box in the table below,as in the example.See See Vocabulary Vocabulary bank.bank.NeutralMarkedrise,increaserocket,soar(v)fall,decreasebig,largegoodsmallMan
15、y common words in English are neutral,i.e.,they do not imply any view on the part of the writer or speaker.However,there are often apparent synonyms which are marked.They show attitude,or stance.Examples:Occupancy rates rose by 10%last year.(neutral)Occupancy rates soared by 10%last year.(marked)Soa
16、red is marked because it implies that this is a particularly big or fast increase.Recognizing marked wordsRecognizing marked wordsVocabulary bankVocabulary bankWhen you read a sentence,think:Is this a neutral word,or is it a marked word?If it is marked,what does this tell me about the writers attitu
17、de to the information?When you write a sentence,think:Have I used neutral words or marked words?If I have used marked words,do they show my real attitude/the attitude of the original writer?Recognizing marked wordsRecognizing marked wordsVocabulary bankVocabulary bankExtend your vocabulary by learni
18、ng marked words and their exact effect.Examples:Recognizing marked wordsRecognizing marked wordsVocabulary bankVocabulary bankNeutralMarkedgo down,fall,decreaseslump,plummetsay,stateassert,maintain,claim,argue,allegegoodgreat,brilliant,tremendous10.1 VocabularyD Study the words in box b.1 Check the
19、meanings,parts of speech and stress patterns.2 Put the words into the correct box in the table below,as in the example.NeutralMarkedrise,increaserocket,soar(v)fall,decreasebig,largegoodsmallcollapse(v and n),plummet(v),slump(v and n)enormous,huge,massive,significant,tremendous*(adj)brilliant,fantast
20、ic,great,outstanding,superb,tremendous*(adj)insignificant,minimal,minor(adj)*Tremendous can mean both very large and very good,so it may be placed in either category.10.1 VocabularyE Read the extract from a chairmans letter to shareholders.1 Use a marked word in place of each of the italic(neutral)w
21、ords.risinglargegoodfallsoaring/rocketingfantastic/superb/tremendousenormous/huge/massivecollapse/slump10.1 VocabularyE Read the extract from a chairmans letter to shareholders.See Skills bank.See Skills bank.2 Look at the bold phrases.How strong or confident are they?In an academic context,writers
22、will usually indicate the level of confidence in information they are giving.When you read a fact in a text,look for qualifying words before it,whichshow the level of confidence.Examples:It appears to be the case that /This suggests that (tentative)The evidence shows that /It is clear that (definite
23、/confident)Recognizing levels of confidence in research or informationRecognizing levels of confidence in research or informationVocabulary bankVocabulary bank10.1 VocabularyE Read the extract from the Cheapco chairmans letter to shareholders.2 Look at the bold phrases.How strong are they?Very confi
24、dentFairly confidentTentative (=not confident)Its generally accepted now thatIts fair to say thatWe may start to introduce changesYou can be confident,however,thatA Study the sentence on the right.Each phrase inbox a could go in the space.What effect wouldeach one have on the base meaning?Mark from*
25、=(very confident to)*=(very tentative).10.2 Reading*1 What will the text be about?2 Write three research questions.B Survey the text on the opposite page.10.2 ReadingC Read the text.Does it answer your questions?10.2 Reading1 What level of decision-making is involved when a company decides to merge
26、with another?Strategic.2 A tour operator decides to try to buy extra rooms for one season only.What kind of aim is this?Medium-term/tactical.3 What is the opposite of a top-down management style?Bottom-up.D Answer these questions.10.2 Reading4 What reason does Murphy give for the need for good manag
27、ement?To ensure that any tourism product is both accepted by the community and profitable/competitive.5 What does Page believe is the main objective of most tourism producers?Profit.6 What is Leipers case study an example of?Empowerment management strategy.7 Who has to change in Buhalis and Costas t
28、ransformations?Everyone(workers and managers).D Answer these questions.10.2 ReadingE Find the phrases in box b in the text.Is the writer confident(C)or tentative(T)aboutthe information which follows?10.2 ReadingIt is obvious,therefore,that successful businesses have to be good at finding sources of
29、finance.Many writers seem to agree that a difference should be made between internal and external sources.It appears to be the case,then,that raising finance is one among several problems that small businesses face.many writers have claimed that banks are very positive in offering help to small entr
30、epreneurs the evidence does not support this belief.a recent survey has found that business start-ups experience considerable difficulty in this area.much of the data suggests that James Coopers experience was typical rather than unusual CTTTCCT1 Underline the marked words.F Look at the writers desc
31、ription of thedevelopment of Wal-Mart(paragraph 6).10.2 ReadingHowever,even very large companies nearly always start out small,as can be seen in Wal-Marts astonishing development from an insignificant cut-price chain store business in the southern USA to gigantic global retailer.Ortega(1998)describe
32、s how Sam Walton,the founder,and his wife had to scrape the money together themselves for their first Wal-Mart store in the 1960s.Later,Walton could only obtain enough funds to build 15 Wal-Mart stores.By 1970,however,Wal-Mart stock was being offered on the New York Stock Exchange;with the capital r
33、aised Walton succeeded in expanding the business to 276 stores.At the end of the 1980s,there were nearly 1,400 stores generating sales of$26 billion(Wal-Mart,n.d.).In 2007,Wal-Mart could boast a turnover of over$300 billion._2 What does the choice of these words tell you about the writers opinion of
34、 Wal-Mart?The choice of words emphasizes the dramatic development of Wal-Mart and gives the impression that the writer is impressed by it.F Look at the writers description of thedevelopment of Wal-Mart(paragraph 6).10.2 Reading3 Find neutral words to use in their place.F Look at the writers descript
35、ion of thedevelopment of Wal-Mart(paragraph 6).10.2 ReadingMarked wordNeutral alternativeastonishinginsignificantcut-pricegiganticscrape the money togethersucceeded(in)boastsuccessful,rapidsmallcheaplargefind,supply,put upexpandedreport,announceG Study the example sentence on the right,andthen sente
36、nces A and B.10.2 Reading1 Divide sentences A and B into small parts,as in the example sentence.2 Underline any joining words(e.g.,conjunctions).See Skills bank.See Skills bank.Long sentences contain many separate parts.You must be able to recognize these parts to understand the sentence as a whole.
37、Mark up a long sentence as follows:Locate the subjects,verbs and objects/complements by underlining the relevant nouns,adjectives and verbs.Put a dividing line:at the end of a phrase which begins a sentence before a phrase at the end of the sentence between clausesPut brackets round extra pieces of
38、information.Identifying the parts of a long sentenceIdentifying the parts of a long sentenceSkills Skills bankbankExample:In recent years many writers have claimed that high street banks are very positive in offering help to small entrepreneurs,but the evidence has not supported this belief for a si
39、gnificant period of time.In recent years|many writers have claimed|that high street banks are very positive in offering help to small entrepreneurs,|but the evidence has not supported this belief|(for a significant period of time).Identifying the parts of a long sentenceIdentifying the parts of a lo
40、ng sentenceSkills Skills bankbankA Short-term capital|needs to be repaid|over a short period,|whereas|long-term capital,|which|a company|needs|in order to expand,|will normally be paid back|over a number of years.G Study the example sentence on the right,andthen sentences A and B.10.2 Reading1 Divid
41、e sentences A and B into small parts,as in the example sentence.2 Underline any joining words(e.g.,conjunctions).B Thus,much of the data|suggests|that|James Coopers experience|was|typical rather than unusual,|and|the suspicion|that|high streetbanks|are|often cautious in lending money to small busine
42、sses|appears to be borne out|in reality.G Study the example sentence on the right,andthen sentences A and B.10.2 Reading3 Find the subjects,verbs,objects/complements and adverbial phrases which go together.Subject phrasesVerb phrasesObject/complementAdverbial phrasesshort-term capitalneeds to be rep
43、aid over a short periodlong-term capitalwill normally be paid backover a number of yearsa companyneedswhich(=long-term capital)in order to expandAG Study the example sentence on the right,andthen sentences A and B.10.2 Reading3 Find the subjects,verbs,objects/complements and adverbial phrases which
44、go together.Subject phrasesVerb phrasesObject/complementAdverbial phrasesmuch of the datasuggestsJames Coopers experience was typical rather than unusual,James Coopers experiencewastypical rather than unusual,the suspicionappears to be borne outin realitybanksareoften cautious in lending money to sm
45、all businessesbankslend(ing)money to small businessesBA Capital needs to be repaid.Short-term capital needs to be repaid over ashort period.A company needs long-term capital in order to expand.Long-term capital will normally be paid back over a number of years.G Study the example sentence on the rig
46、ht,andthen sentences A and B.10.2 Reading4 Make several short simple sentences which show the meaning.B James Coopers experience was typical.The data suggests something.The data suggests that James Coopers experience was typical.There is a suspicion.This suspicion is borne out in reality.Banks are c
47、autious.Banks lend money to businesses.Banks are cautious in lending money.Banks are cautious in lending money to small businesses.Possible sentences:A Read the three essay questions.What typesof essay are they?1 Compare the methods a company might use to raise short-and long-term finance.10.3 Exten
48、ding skills2 Explain from a financial viewpoint how some of the main sources of income and funding might help a company to achieve its goals.3 Describe,with some actual examples,the financial problems faced by small business start-ups.Consider how small businesses can best solve these difficulties.C
49、omparison,plus some evaluation.Analysis.Description,then comparison and evaluation/argument/opinion,plus supportB Look at text A on the opposite page.Copyand complete Table 1.10.3 Extending skillsSituationProblemSolutionsSarah Stoppard started a small business in 2002(note that she needed finance,on
50、ce at the start+again when she wanted to expand)her bank would not give her a loan(both when she started her business and when she wanted to expand)overdraft arrangementgovernment start-up loanborrowing from familyC Look at text B on the opposite page.Copyand complete Table 2.10.3 Extending skillsSo
